残余应力及其表征参数对材料滚动接触性能的影响

为了深入研究残余应力对滚动接触的影响规律,建立了圆柱滚子轴承二维有限元简化模型,在施加不同残余应力的基础上进行弹塑性分析,并对残余应力的表征参数如梯度、大小和深度等进行了影响研究。结果表明：残余压应力能使弹性变形阶段的接触应力和塑性变形阶段的塑性应变下降;等大的残余拉应力则使二者增大更大的比率。通过参数研究发现：残余压应力梯度越小,塑性应变越小,残余拉应力梯度越接近0,塑性应变越小;残余压应力越大,塑性应变越小,残余拉应力越大,塑性应变越大;残余压应力加深一定值能够降低滚动接触塑性应变,从而提高疲劳寿命,残余拉应力的加深则会引起塑性应变和疲劳损伤的增大。     

Effect of Crystallographic Orientation on Quenching Stress during Martensitic Phase Transformation of Carbon Steel Plate

During quenching, the residual stresses are affected by the crystallographic orientation of martensite, because the nonuniform thermal stresses affect the crystallographic orientation of the lathshaped martensite and induce the anisotropic expansion. To simulate this process, the model of anisotropic transformation induced plasticity(TRIP) was built using the WLR-BM phenomenological theory. The equivalent expansion coefficient was introduced considering the thermal and plastic strains, which simplified the numerical simulation. Furthermore, the quenching residual stresses in carbon steel plates were calculated using the finite element method under ANSYS Workbench simulation environment. To evaluate the simulative results, distributions of residual stresses from the surface to the interior at the center of specimen were measured using the layer-by-layer hole-drilling method. Compared to the measured results, the simulative results considering the anisotropic expansion induced by the crystallographic orientation of martenstic laths were found to be more accurate than those without considering it.     

木梁-夯土界面粘结滑移性能及其计算方法

福建土楼中夯土与木梁的界面性能是二者能够共同工作的基础,而木梁与夯土界面的粘结滑移关系是其界面性能的综合反映。为探讨木梁夯土界面的粘结滑移性能,进行了8个木梁-夯土节点试件的拉拔模型试验,考虑竖向压力、木梁伸入长度和木梁表面粗糙度对其粘结力组成、极限荷载等的影响,对木梁-夯土界面进行有限元建模分析,并提出粘结力的计算方法。结果表明:夯土与木梁的界面破坏形态包括木梁的拔出破坏和夯土的开裂破坏,此类界面的粘结滑移曲线可以分为线性上升段、滑移过渡段和摩擦残余段3个阶段;有限元模拟表明,连接器弹簧能够很好地表达木梁-夯土墙界面性能;木梁-夯土界面粘结力包括胶结力、木梁与夯土接触面的摩擦力和基质吸力,随着滑移的不断进行,胶结力不断失效趋近于零,摩擦残余段只存在摩擦力与基质吸力。     

界面形貌对残余应力的影响

以等离子喷涂热障涂层为研究对象,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS中热应力分析功能,对于不同的界面形貌模型,分析计算了其热障涂层中的残余应力的分布和极值,从而得出了不同的界面形貌对涂层中残余应力的一些影响规律。     

用最小二乘法求零应力状态下动脉壁本构方程

由动脉血管零应力状态和无载荷状态的几何参数，分析计算了其无载荷状态下的残余应变，并由残余应变分布和平衡方程，用最小二乘法拟合七参数应变能密度函数的参数，进而确定了动脉壁在零应力状态下的本构方程。     

ZrTiAlN涂层的残余应力分析

采用有限元法分析Q235 A基ZrTiAlN涂层的残余应力,研究涂层厚度、过渡层对残余应力的影响。结果表明:层-基界面边缘处存在明显应力集中现象;涂层内的切向应力和轴向应力主要表现为拉应力,径向应力则表现为压应力。涂层厚度的变化对层-基界面应力的性质与分布影响很小;但随着涂层厚度的增加,界面处的切向应力增大,径向应力和轴向应力减小。加入过渡层后,涂层内残余应力明显减小,其中含有TiAl/Zr过渡层的涂层的切向应力、轴向应力和径向应力的最大值分别降低33%,25%和14%。     

高压力下界面抗剪强度的试验研究

在 DRS- 1型微机高压直残剪试验系统上进行了建筑砂、标准砂、粉砂和粘土与混凝土界面、金属光滑界面、金属粗糙界面的正交直接剪切试验 .研究结果表明 :在高压力作用下 ,由于颗粒破碎的原因 ,界面的剪切应力 -剪切位移曲线呈现出应变硬化特征 ,与低压力作用下土与不同结构界面的软化剪切特性存在明显差别 .试验数据的正交误差分析和直观分析揭示 ,界面的剪切峰值强度、残余强度与法向压力均呈现线性关系 ,峰值强度、残余强度受法向压力的影响最大 ,其次为土体性质 ,剪切速率和基底粗糙度的影响较小     

Nonlinear Elastic Constitutive Model of Soil-Structure Interfaces Under Relatively High Normal Stress

The shear characteristics of soil-structure interfaces with different roughness are studied systematically by using the DRS-1 high normal stress and residual shear apparatus. The experimental results indicate that, under a relatively high normal stress, normal stress and the coefficient of structural roughness are the most important factors affecting the mechanical interface characteristics. The relationship between shear stress and shear displacement of the soil-structure interface is a hyperbolic curve with high regression accuracy. Based on our experimental results, a nonlinear elastic constitutive model of the soil-structure interface under relatively high normal stress is established with a definite physical meaning for its parameters. The model can predict the strain hardening behavior of the soil during the shearing process. The results show an encouraging agreement with experimental data from direct shear tests.     

正轴测坐标系参数的两个计算式

本文给出了正轴测坐标系参数的两个计算式:根据给定的轴间角计算轴向变形系数和根据给定的投影方向在正投影体系中的投影角计算轴向变形系数.根据这两个计算式可以从诸多正轴测投影表达方案中选出最佳表达方案.     

非水反应高聚物–混凝土界面单调剪切特性及本构模拟

土与结构物的界面力学性质一直都是岩土工程探究的热点,为了探究非水反应高聚物与混凝土的界面剪切特性,本文基于单调直接剪切试验研究了竖向应力、剪切速率对高聚物-混凝土界面抗剪强度和剪切模量等特性的影响。试验结果表明:在给定的竖向应力与剪切速率下,随着剪切位移的增加,高聚物-混凝土界面呈现出剪切软化的现象。剪切速率对抗剪强度以及残余强度有一定的影响,对界面剪切模量值有显著影响,随着剪切速率的增加剪切模量值不断减小,减小幅值明显,然而对高聚物-混凝土界面的粘聚力、残余粘聚力、摩擦角以及残余摩擦角影响较小;竖向应力对高聚物-混凝土界面抗剪强度、残余抗剪强度以及剪切模量值有显著影响,并且高聚物-混凝土界面抗剪强度、残余抗剪强度以及剪切模量值随着竖向应力的增加而不断增加。同时,本文系统的公式推导描述了高聚物-混凝土界面的双曲线本构模型的构建过程,并依据相关实验结果初步验证了模型的有效性。     

Numerical Simulation of Multi-repaired Weld Residual Stress

In order to understand the change regulation of resichual stress during muhi-repaired uelding to provide theoretical guidance for correct repaired welding procedure and improvement of joint properties.and to simulate the magnitude and distribution of residual stress using the finite element method (FEM).A model of temperature field of weld repaired using FEM,which was simplified,was established.the weld stress consists of ther mal stress and orgaization stress.models of the thermal stress and organization stress were described ANSYS, a software of finite element,was applied to calculate the stress,BHW35 steel was taken as an example,the simulated and experimental results for the 1 st ,3rd and 5th weldrepaired were analyzed,the simulated results are in good agreement with experimental results it can be concluded that the residual stress,in the weld center changes little,and the high residual stress exists in HAZ and in the same place the more repaired weld.the higher residual tress and the area of residual stress becomes wider.     

基于GPRS与CAN总线的纯电动汽车无线监测平台的开发

为考核电动汽车在实际道路工况运行时车辆性能及各关键部件匹配情况,基于GPRS／GPS与CAN总线开发了无线监测平台。车载监测终端通过CAN总线接口及预留接口可得到车辆、电动机、电池组的实时工作参数及故障信息,并通过GPRS无线网络传回监控中心,监控中心按通讯协议解析后实现车辆运行状态的实时监测。依据无线监控平台技术需求,开发了以双核MC9S12XET256微处理器为核心的车载监测终端,制定了车载监测终端与监控中心以数据包为基本单位的数据传输协议。实验室试验及实车道路测试结果表明通讯速率为5kb／s时,数据传输速率及准确率可满足对纯电动汽车实时运行参数监测的需求。     

基于微服务的服务机器人云服务设计方法

为了提升服务机器人的智能化水平,提出一种基于微服务的服务机器人云服务设计方法。设计基于微服务的服务机器人云服务的设计框架,提出服务机器人虚拟模型,实现服务机器人运动学/动力学模型、传感器模型和环境模型的云端映射,解决了机器人调用云服务的异构性问题;提出一种交互式的云服务交互接口,采用机器人的协议应答方式实现异构协议的自适应匹配;详细阐述服务机器人云服务平台的开发关键方法。通过所搭建的服务机器人云服务平台进行试验,测试了所设计的功能云服务的调用效果、实时性和细粒度服务质量,可以满足服务机器人的功能要求。     

桩—土界面残余强度影响因素分析

桩周土体因卸载或上部堆载使桩-土界面应力发生变化,并导致桩-土界面峰值剪切强度受损而下降为残余强度。为研究法向应力、压实度、含水率及预压力等多因素对桩-土界面的残余强度影响,利用自制的剪切试验装置对桩-土界面试件进行了剪切试验。试验结果表明：剪切应力达峰值强度后出现软化,法向应力越大软化越明显。残余强度随压实度和法向应力提高而增大,随含水率的提高先增后减,且在最优含水率附近达到最大值;在不同的法向应力情况下,受含水率和压实度的影响下,残余强度表现为山峰型,在最优含水率附近和压实度最大处达峰值,且预压对法向应力较小情况下残余强度提高比例更高。对不同压实度下的法向应力-残余强度、法向应力-残余应力比进行了讨论,得知有无预压界面残余强度与法向应力存在显著的线性关系,符合莫尔-库伦剪切破坏准则,不同压实度下残余应力比均随着法向应力的增长而衰减,而有预压影响时,这种现象会更明显。     

Parametric study on the axial performance of a fully grouted cable bolt with a new pull-out test

Modified cable bolts are commonly used in underground mines due to their superior performance in preventing bed separation when compared with plain strands. To better test the axial performance of a wide range of cable bolts,a new laboratory short encapsulation pull test(LSEPT) facility was developed. The facility simulates the interaction between cable bolts and surrounding rock mass,using artificial rock cylinders with a diameter of 300 mm in which the cable bolt is grouted. Furthermore,the joint where the load is applied is left unconstrained to allow shear slippage at the cable/grout or grout/rock interface.Based on this apparatus,a series of pull tests were undertaken using the MW9 modified bulb cable bolt.Various parameters including embedment length,test material strength and borehole size were evaluated. It was found that within a limited range of 360 mm,there is a linear relationship between the maximum bearing capacity of the cable bolt and embedment length. Beyond 360 mm,the peak capacity continues to rise but with a much lower slope. When the MW9 cable bolt was grouted in a weak test material,failure always took place along the grout/rock interface. Interestingly,increasing the borehole diameter from 42 to 52 m in weak test material altered the failure mode from grout/rock interface to cable/grout interface and improved the performance in terms of both peak and residual capacity.     

ZA27/SiCp颗粒增强复合材料界面特性的研究

用有限元法分析了ZA27/SiC_p颗粒增强复合材料在外加载荷作用下基体与增强相界面应力场及基体内的塑性应变.结果表明：拉伸应力作用下界面法向应力引起极区基体与增强相脱；Von Mises等效应力在极区与赤道区之间的界面处使基体屈服；界面处残余法向应力较高，可能造成界面脱粘.基体内近界面残余切向应力具有抑制裂纹在基体中扩展的趋势.重载时复合材料在高温和高压应力共同作用下，基体发生严重的塑性流变，从而产生大量的横交错裂纹，并使增强相与基体在界面脱粘.     

土-地下结构界面层效应试验研究

用粗糙钢板模拟地下结构面,利用DRS-1型超高压直残剪试验系统,研究了不同法向应力条件下福建标准中砂与地下结构接触面及界面层的剪切力学特性.结果表明：随着法向应力的改变,界面层内土体的力学特性发生明显变化.在相对低应力条件下,接触面及界面层内土体的剪切应力-剪切位移曲线均呈现出应变软化特性,但界面层内土体的抗剪强度高于接触面处的抗剪强度,发生明显的＂界面层强化效应＂;反之,在相对高应力条件下,将发生＂界面层弱化效应＂,即界面层内土体的抗剪强度低于接触面处的抗剪强度,接触面及界面层内土体的剪切应力-剪切位移曲线均呈现出应变硬化特性.利用＂界面层效应因子＂可以衡量界面层效应的类型及其强弱化程度.     

Residual Capacity of Friction-Type High-Strength Bolted T-stub Connection with Nut Corrosion Damage

Corrosion is a primary cause of the slippage of friction-type high-strength bolted(FHSB) T-stub connections. This paper attempts to quantify the residual capacity of FHSB T-stub connections with corroded nuts. Firstly, corrosion simulation tests were conducted on 48 manually cut nuts to find out the relationship between the damage degree of nut section and the residual clamping force(RCF) of bolt. Then, static load tests were carried out on 24 FHSB T-stub connections with nuts of different degre...     

黄土-三趾马红土滑坡滑带土剪切力学特性影响因素

中国西北地区黄土广泛沉积于三趾马红土之上形成“双层异质”接触层面,控制和影响黄土滑坡的形成。为研究黄土-三趾马红土界面剪切力学特性,研制可视化界面直剪仪,开展界面试样剪切试验,探讨齿面角度、含水率、干密度对其剪切破坏模式、强度与变形特性影响规律。结果表明:试样均沿界面产生剪切破坏,试样剪切破坏模式可分为齿间滑动、齿间滑动-齿面剪断、齿面剪断3种; 界面试样剪切应力-位移曲线呈应变软化型,峰值强度后应变“跳跃”及“塑态”特征反映出界面的脆性与塑性剪断破坏特征,剪切刚度、剪切破坏位移演化规律均受界面接触条件影响; 界面剪切过程存在明显剪胀效应,剪胀位移演化规律反映了剪切过程的齿面挤密、齿间滑动、齿面剪断与界面摩擦阶段; 界面试样强度随界面接触条件均呈非线性变化,齿面角度越大,峰值强度与残余强度越高,试样剪切破坏模式越趋于脆性齿面剪断; 含水率越高,界面峰值强度越低,试样剪切破坏模式越趋于塑性齿面剪断; 界面试样干密度越大,峰值强度越大,残余强度越低,试样剪切破坏模式越趋于脆性的齿间滑动-齿面剪断。研究成果可为进一步研究黄土-三趾马红土界面强度准则,揭示黄土-三趾马红土复合型滑坡启动机制提供参考。     

基体界面屈服强度和残余应力失配对界面裂纹扩展的影响

对基体界面屈服强度和残余应力失配情况下的界面裂纹扩展机制进行了力学理论分析,并通过位错与裂纹的关系理论计算了界面裂纹尖端塑性区尺寸。结果表明:当界面裂纹由低强度区向高强度区扩展时,高强度区的残余压应力和屈服强度减少了裂纹尖端的塑性区长度和裂纹尖端张开位移,从而起到了抑制界面裂纹扩展的作用。