一类多产品选址算法的若干进展

在对k-种产品选址问题的前期探讨中,提出了一种用于求解k-PUFLPN（即：设建厂费用为零时,k-种产品工厂选址问题）的近似算法ME,并证明了该算法的最坏性能比不大于3k/2-1,从而把性能比从2k-1提高到3k/2-1。基于前期对算法已有的分析和结论之上,进一步对该算法求解2-种产品选址模型的紧界进行了讨论。通过构造2-种产品模型的实例,给出了2是算法ME求解2-种产品选址问题的紧界这一结论。对2-种产品选址问题的整性间隙也进行了分析和讨论。     

工厂地址集中的k-种产品选址问题的近似算法

k-种产品工厂选址问题是：给定一个客户集合和一个可以建立工厂的地址集合,每个客户需要k-种产品,一个工厂只能为客户提供一种产品。考虑的工厂假设相对集中,即假设任何工厂之间的距离都不大于工厂与客户之间的距离。对于没有建厂费用的问题,当k=2时证明了它是一个NP完全问题,对任意的k给出了一个最坏性能比不大于2-1/k的近似算法。对于有建厂费用的问题,给出了一个最坏性能比不大于2的近似算法。     

基于设施选址问题的费用分配问题的近似算法

许多有着重要理论和应用价值的最优化问题在算法复杂性上都是NP-hard的,其解决方法之一是近似算法。论文研究了与设施选址问题密切相关的费用分配问题,并利用原始与对偶线性规划的思想和无容量设施选址问题的一个1.52-近似算法[1]给出了该问题的一个更好的近似算法。     

求解MAX-CNF问题的一种随机近似算法

已有的Johnson算法是求解组合问题的一种随机近似算法,可以用于求解MAX-CNF问题。基于该算法,提出新的随机近似算法RCNF求解MAX-CNF问题。概率推导和实验数值均表明,RCNF具有良好的近似比和稳定的性能。在构成难可满足问题的CNF实例上,将新算法与演化算法结合,进一步提出扩展算法E-RCNF。扩展算法利用演化算法的并行性,可以在较短时间内,简单有效地求出最多可满足子句数的近似值。     

隐私保护k-匿名算法研究

隐私保护已成为个人或组织机构关心的基本问题,k-匿名是目前数据发布环境下实现隐私保护的主要技术之一。鉴于多数k-匿名方法采用泛化和隐匿技术,严重依赖于预先定义的泛化层或属性域上的全序关系,产生很高的信息损失,降低了数据的可用性,提出了一种基于聚类技术的k-匿名算法。实验结果表明,该算法在保护隐私的同时,提高了发布数据的可用性。     

高效的求解TSP问题的近似算法

提出了一种基于矩阵变换的方法,将n阶TSP问题近似转化为n-1阶TSP问题,然后用递归运算得出最后解。此算法的时间复杂度为O（n³）。而后又对此算法做了进一步的改进,近似度有很大提高但时间复杂度增加为O（n⁴）。经过实验表明,此类算法求解的近似度很高,尤其是在满足三角不等式的问题中,误差更低。利用TSPLIB数据库中的数据进行测试,得到的结果误差最多不超过10%。     

浅谈求解组合优化问题的几种近似算法

现实生活中,为了最大限度地利用资源、节省开支,出现了许多最优化利用资源的问题,往往是要求求出最大值或最小值的。在优化问题中,比较常见的是组合优化问题。针对此类问题,也出现了不少求解的算法。该文对其中比较常用的几种近似算法进行了总结,并通过一种典型的组合优化问题——装箱问题的实例对各算法的优劣进行了比较。     

选址问题的模拟退火求解

对一类困难的平面选址问题给出了模拟退火的求解方法，并在微机上予以实现，经计算，效果较好。     

一种改进的求解TSP问题的近似算法

旅行商问题(TSP)是典型的具有NPC复杂性的组合优化问题。在现有求解TSP问题的2-近似算法closest-point算法基础上,通过对插入点的插入位置进行改进,提出了一种有效的近似算法最近点前后插入法(CPBOA),并采用TSPLIB中的一些典型实例对该算法进行了测试,同时与典型的常数近似比算法MST-PRIM算法和closest-point算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,该算法在求解质量上与closest-point和MST-PRIM算法相比都有很大的改进,而且速度也很快。     

一种求解单任务Agent联盟生成的近似算法

联盟是多Agent之间一种重要的合作方法,如何生成面向某个任务的最优联盟是一个复杂的组合优化问题。本问题的特点是：包含较少Agent的联盟要优于包含较多Agent的联盟。根据此特点提出一种近似算法,比较实验结果表明本算法快速、有效。     

Approximation Algorithms for Average Stretch Scheduling

We study the basic problem of preemptive scheduling of a stream of jobs on a single processor. Consider an on-line stream of jobs, and let the ith job arrive at time r(i) and have processing time p(i). If C(i) is the completion time of job i, then the flow time of i is C(i) − r(i) and the stretch of i is the ratio of its flow time to its processing time; that is, . Flow time measures the time that a job is in the system regardless of the service it requests; the stretch measure relies on the intuition that a job that requires a long service time must be prepared to wait longer than jobs that require small service times. We present the improved algorithmic results for the average stretch metric in preemptive uniprocessor scheduling. Our first result is an off-line polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for average stretch scheduling. This improves upon the 2-approximation achieved by the on-line algorithm srpt that always schedules a job with the shortest remaining processing time. In a recent work, Chekuri and Khanna (Proc. 34th Ann. Symp. Theory Comput., 297–305, 2002) have presented approximation algorithms for weighted flow time, which is a more general metric than average stretch; their result also yields a PTAS for average stretch. Our second set of results considers the impact of incomplete knowledge of job sizes on the performance of on-line scheduling algorithms. We show that a constant-factor competitive ratio for average stretch is achievable even if the processing times (or remaining processing times) of jobs are known only to within a constant factor of accuracy.     

一般设施定位问题计算复杂度和近似算法研究

设施定位问题即UFL问题是NP-hard的组合优化问题,是聚类问题领域的热点问题之一,在数据挖掘和分类识别方面有着重要应用.多年来其近似算法研究一直是计算机科学工作者关注的焦点,然而现有研究结果大多关于Metric空间,一般距离空间中该问题结果始终未见.针对最大连接费用至多是最小连接费用ω＞1倍的一般距离空间中设施定位问题,简称一般设施定位问题,借助集合覆盖问题,利用问题归约方法证明其不存在近似性能比小于1.243 0.316ln(ω-1)的多项式时间近似算法,除非NPDTIME(nO(log log n));设计了一般设施定位问题的局部搜索算法,证明算法近似性能比是(1 ω)/α,ω＞1,1≤α≤2.仿真实验表明,一般设施定位问题局部搜索算法的求解质量极高;通过实验进一步研究了该算法并给出了改进方法.     

Approximation algorithm for weighted weak vertex cover

The problem of efficiently monitoring the network flow is regarded as the problem to find out the minimum weighted weak vertex cover set for a given graph G = (V, E). In this paper, we give an approximation algorithm to solve it, which has the approximation ratio ln d 1, where d is the maximum degree of the vertex in graph G, and improve the previous work.     

On the Competitive Ratio for Online Facility Location

We consider the problem of Online Facility Location, where the demand points arrive online and must be assigned irrevocably to an open facility upon arrival. The objective is to minimize the sum of facility and assignment costs. We prove that the competitive ratio for Online Facility Location is Θ . On the negative side, we show that no randomized algorithm can achieve a competitive ratio better than Ω against an oblivious adversary even if the demands lie on a line segment. On the positive side, we present a deterministic algorithm which achieves a competitive ratio of in every metric space. A preliminary version of this work appeared in the Proceedings of the 30th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP 2003), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2719. This work was done while the author was at the Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Saarbrücken, Germany, and was partially supported by the Future and Emerging Technologies programme of the EU under contract number IST-1999-14186 (ALCOM–FT).     

Approximation algorithm for hotlink assignment in the greedy model

Link-based information structures such as the web can be enhanced through the addition of hotlinks. Assume that each node in the information structure is associated with a weight representing the access frequency of the node by users. In order to access a particular node, the user must follow a path leading to it from the root. By adding new hotlinks to the tree, it may be possible to reduce the access cost of the system, namely, the expected number of steps needed to reach a leaf from the root, assuming the user can decide which hotlinks to follow in each step. The hotlink assignment   problem involves finding a set of hotlinks (with at most K=O(1)$K=O\left(1\right)$ hotlinks emanating from every node) maximizing the gain in the expected cost. The paper addresses this problem in two user models, namely, the traditional clairvoyant user model employed in [P. Bose, J. Czyzowicz, L. Gasieniec, E. Kranakis, D. Krizanc, A. Pelc, M.V. Martin, Strategies for hotlink assignments, in: Proc. 11th Symp. on Algorithms and Computation, 2000, pp. 23–34; E. Kranakis, D. Krizanc, S. Shende, Approximating hotlink assignments, in: Proc. 12th Symp. on Algorithms and Computation, 2001, pp. 756–767; P. Bose, D. Krizanc, S. Langerman, P. Morin, Asymmetrical communication protocols via hotlink assignments, in: Proc. 9th Colloq. on Structural Information and Communication Complexity, 2002, pp. 33–39; R. Matichin, D. Peleg, Approximation algorithm for hotlink assignments in web directories, in: Proc. Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures, 2003, pp. 271–280] and the more realistic greedy user model recently introduced in [O. Gerstel, S. Kutten, R. Matichin, D. Peleg, Hotlink enhancement algorithms for web directories, in: Proc. 14th Symp. on Algorithms and Computation, 2003, pp. 68–77], and presents a polynomial time 2-approximation algorithm for the hotlink assignment problem on rooted directed trees.