All-Fiber ${Q}$-Switched Ring Laser With Increased Repetition Rate

We demonstrate a novel approach to increase the Q-switching repetition rate of the fiber ring laser. This Q-switched fiber laser integrates an apodized fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) reflector and a Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon constructed from cascaded chirped FBGs into the cavity. The apodized FBG reflector acts as wavelength discriminative component for oscillation, while the FP etalon is tuned periodically using the piezoelectric transducer (PZT) and functions as a Q-switching component. By adjusting the tuning range of the FP etalon, we obtain 3.5-, 7-, and 14-kHz Q-switched pulses train with constant PZT modulation frequency of 3.5 kHz.     

掺Yb3+全光纤环形腔主动调Q光纤激光器

报道了用976 nm激光二极管(LD)抽运掺Yb~(3 )增益光纤,用光纤耦合的声光调制器(AOM)实现全光纤环形腔主动调Q激光输出的实验研究。激光器的调制频率在200 Hz～60.9 kHz之间调节时获得稳定的调Q脉冲输出。当抽运光功率为183 mW,调制频率为500.2 Hz时,获得输出峰值功率为2.7 W,脉冲宽度为53.2 ns,单脉冲能量为145.5 nJ的激光脉冲,激光器的输出波长为1030 nm。当Q开关关闭时间较短时,从实验中观察到高低脉冲间隔输出的情况,利用调Q原理给出了相应解释。从实验和理论上分析了调制频率和抽运功率对激光器输出脉冲的影响,并进行了相应的计算,计算值和实验结果符合得较好。     

全光纤对接损耗调Q激光器

激光器调Q技术是产生高峰值功率、窄脉冲的最有效方法之一。提出并初步验证了全光纤对接损耗调Q方法,分析了调Q原理以及影响因素,实现调Q脉冲的输出。激光腔内加入两段光纤,两段光纤间相互靠近的一端紧密对接,其中一段粘结在压电陶瓷(PZT)上。通过外部电压变化驱动压电陶瓷,使两光纤端面间出现轴向间隙、径向错位或旋转夹角,改变两段光纤之间的耦合连接损耗,进而调节激光腔的损耗,输出调Q脉冲。采用径向错位方式,可以有效改变光纤之间的耦合连接损耗,重复频率可达10 kHz。该方法实现简单,成本低廉,通过外部条件控制,可进一步提高输出脉冲的稳定性。     

Single-Longitudinal-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Based on High Finesse Fiber Bragg Grating Fabry–PÉrot Etalon

We present a simple and stable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) erbium-doped fiber laser. It consists of an apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a high finesse FBG-based Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon in the ring cavity. The apodized FBG acts as a wavelength discriminative component selecting a few oscillation modes while the FP etalon serves as narrow bandwidth bandpass filter to further discriminate and select SLM efficiently. Stable SLM laser output at 1.55 m with linewidth about 2.5 kHz is acquired. Furthermore, continuous wavelength tuning over 8 nm is achieved by simultaneously applying strain to the FBG and the FP etalon.     

被动调Q锁模掺镱光纤激光器

报道了基于偏振旋转技术等效快可饱和吸收体的被动调Q锁模光纤激光器,采用976 nm半导体激光器作为抽运源,高掺杂浓度的Yb3 光纤作为增益介质构成环形腔,通过调节抽运光功率和偏振控制器的角度得到了调Q,调Q锁模与锁模三种稳定的输出脉冲。获得的锁模脉冲中心波长为1.05μm,重复频率为20 MHz,脉冲光谱宽度为13.8 nm,抽运功率为270 mW时,锁模平均输出功率为15.82 mW;调Q频率为17.54 kHz,调Q脉冲宽度为8μs,光谱宽度为4.7 nm;调Q锁模中调Q重复频率为300 kHz。     

全光纤电光主动调Q激光器

利用马赫曾德尔Mach-Zehnder (M-Z)结构的尾纤型铌酸锂(LiNbO3)电光强度调制器作为Q开关元件,采用974nm半导体激光器作为泵浦源,峰值吸收系数为110dB/m的掺杂铒纤作为增益介质,实现了1550nm波长的全光纤主动调Q激光器。通过电光强度调制器对腔内损耗进行周期性调制,实现Q开关作用,获得了稳定的调Q脉冲输出。实验中通过改变泵浦功率和调制频率,研究了脉冲宽度和峰值功率的变化规律。获得输出脉冲重复频率50Hz-88kHz可调,重复频率1kHz时获得最窄脉冲宽度246ns,峰值功率近5W。     

光纤光栅主动稳频的短直线腔单频光纤激光器

利用1.8cm长的Er3+/Yb3+共掺磷酸盐玻璃光纤作为增益介质制作了一个可调谐的短直线腔窄线宽单偏振单纵模光纤激光器。其谐振腔反射镜由高反射率的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)和低反射率的保偏光纤FBG构成,使用976nm单模半导体激光器作为抽运源。当进入谐振腔的抽运功率为360mW时获得了输出功率65mW,信噪比大于70dB,线宽约为3kHz,偏振消光比达到40dB的激光输出。另外,通过使用压电陶瓷(PZT)调节增益光纤的长度实现了激光波长的电调谐,其调谐斜率约为14.2 MHz/V。采用边频锁定的方式进行主动稳频,使得激光输出的长期频率波动从25MHz/10s减少到了2.5MHz/h,从而实现了全光纤结构的高功率、高频率稳定性的单频光纤激光器。     

Actively Q-switched fiber lasers: Switching dynamics and nonlinear processes

The Q-switching characteristics of actively Q-switched fiber lasers, especially the inconsistency of experimental observations with traditional Q-switching theory, are reviewed first in this paper. Based on a few typical high-power Q-switched rare-earth-doped fiber lasers, the switching dynamics in the linear and ring fiber cavities is then systematically illustrated under different fiber, pumping and switching conditions by using the traveling wave method, which leads to a new understanding of Q-switched fiber lasers. In particular, the switching-induced perturbation and its influence on the Q-switched outputs are emphasized, and some experimental demonstrations are shown for the purpose of comparison. Nonlinearity is an important concern in these lasers due to the high-power optical pulses confined in small fiber cores. In the second part of this paper, some nonlinear effects, such as self-phase modulation (SPM), four-wave mixing (FWM), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), in Q-switched fiber lasers are discussed. In particular, their temporal and spectral influences on the Q-switched outputs are analyzed experimentally and theoretically. These theoretical analyses and experimental demonstrations provide a complete picture of the switching dynamics and optical nonlinear processes in Q-switched fiber lasers, and are hence important for laser optimization and control.     

Ti3AlC2 coated D-shaped fiber saturable absorber for Q-switched pulse generation

In this letter, a titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) coated D-shaped fiber is proposed and demonstrated as a new saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switched laser pulse generation. In preparing the SA, the Ti3AlC2 powder is dispersed in liquid polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) before the solution is dropped and left to dry onto a polished surface of D-shape fiber. The SA is added to an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity to modulate the cavity loss for Q-switching. The Q-switched laser is obtained at 1 561 nm. The pulse width of the pulses can be varied between 7.4 µs and 5.1 µs with a corresponding repetition rate range from 41.26 kHz to 54.35 kHz, when the pump power is increased from 42.2 mW to 71.5 mW. At 71.5 mW pump, the pulse energy is obtained at 70.3 nJ. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the fundamental frequency is recorded at 67 dB, which indicates the stability of the laser.     

基于莫尔效应的光纤光栅变迹的研究

从理论上分析了利用莫尔效应进行变迹所引起的光纤光栅反射谱和色散特性的变化 ,指出由于莫尔条纹状的折射率调制使平均有效折射率在光栅区维持不变 ,所以可以实现纯变迹。与此成为对照的是 ,常用的升余弦函数变迹由于存在F P腔效应 ,因此在短波边的边模抑制效果不够满意。利用拉伸和二次曝光法产生的莫尔效应 ,实现了对光纤光栅的纯变迹 ,边模抑制比比相同工艺条件下的未变迹提高了约 6dB。     

High-Repetition-Rate MHz Acoustooptic $Q$-Switched Fiber Laser

A simple actively Q-switched double-clad fiber laser combining an amplifying cavity is reported by using a dynamic acoustooptic Q-switching as a beam splitter. Sub-100-ns pulses independence of the repetition rate of acoustooptic modulator are almost changeless with repetition rate varied from 50 kHz to 1.5 MHz. With 4.5-W absorbed power, 9.4-W peak-power pulses at 1.5-MHz repetition rate with 75-ns pulse duration are generated.     

半非平面单块激光器快速频率调谐的实验研究

在半导体激光器抽运的Nd∶YAG晶体半非平面单块固体环形激光器上 ,采用粘贴压电陶瓷 (PZT)的方法实现了快速激光频率调谐。对尺寸为 13mm× 14mm× 3mm的单块激光器粘贴了厚度为 0 5mm压电陶瓷 ,并观测两台单块激光器之间的拍频信号。当调制频率小于 10 0kHz时 ,对压电陶瓷施加峰值为 5V的正弦调制信号 ,可观测到大于 10MHz的马鞍形展宽拍频信号 ,对应的PZT调谐系数大于 1MHz/V。当调制信号频率过高时 ,例如频率大于 10 0kHz,拍频信号变得非常不稳定 ,说明激光频率产生了明显的漂移 ,且拍频信号展宽的形状也发生了变化 ,拍频信号的中心部分由凹陷变为凸起。实验观测到的调制响应带宽约为 10 0kHz。     

受激布里渊散射主被动混合调Q光纤激光器

基于瑞利散射和受激布里渊散射(RS-SBS)的被动调Q掺铒光纤(EDF)激光器的输出脉冲序列具有重复频率低、脉宽窄、功率高的特点,适合光时域反射(OTDR)系统对脉冲光源的基本要求,但是输出的脉冲序列不够稳定。提出在被动调Q激光腔中插入声光调制器(AOM)构成主被动混合调Q激光器。实验结果证明,这种混合调Q的方法既保持了声光调制器主动调Q激光器输出脉冲序列重复频率低而且稳定的特点,又发挥了瑞利散射和受激布里渊散射被动调Q机制动态速度快、输出脉冲宽度窄的优势。在120~200 mW的抽运功率条件下,得到的脉冲序列重复频率从30 Hz~90 kHz连续可调,脉冲宽度最小可达20 ns,峰值功率最高可达200 W,脉冲重复频率稳定度优于5%,脉冲幅度起伏不大于10%。脉冲峰值功率和脉冲宽度受抽运功率的影响不大,但随着调制频率增加,脉冲峰值功率降低而脉冲宽度加宽。     

调Q双包层光纤激光器研究新进展

综述了近几年来在高能量输出（毫焦）、高重复频率（千赫兹）、纳秒级脉冲输出的调Q光纤双包层光纤激光器研究的最新进展,包括饱和吸收体和受激布里渊散射被动调Q、声光和电光主动调Q等,并分析各自的特点。最后讨论了国内外调Q双包层光纤激光器的研究现状和发展前景     

非平面环形激光器的大范围调谐技术研究

为了实现窄线宽非平面环形Nd:YAG激光器的大范围压电和温度调谐,采用对粘接在激光晶体上的薄压电陶瓷片施加高压驱动信号,并大范围控制激光晶体温度的方法,获得压电调谐范围达到210MHz,调谐带宽大于90kHz,压电调谐系数大于1MHz/V;当控制激光晶体温度在10℃到47℃范围内变化时,输出激光在8GHz范围内可连续调谐,总的调谐范围达到61GHz。结果表明,高频压电调谐时拍频展宽形状发生改变的主要原因是压电驱动信号失真。结合压电调谐和温度调谐的各自优点,激光频率调谐实验取得了良好效果。     

低温GaAs被动调Q锁模Nd:GdYVO4激光器的实验研究

采用低温生长的GaAs晶体作为被动饱和吸收体兼输出镜,实现了Nd:GdYVO4激光器调Q锁模运转.研究了Nd:GdYVO4激光器的基频运转特性及调Q锁模输出特性.实验结果表明,当用平面镜作为输出镜及泵浦功率为10W时,获得激光的输出功率是3.5W,光-光转换效率是35%;当用GaAs作为输出镜时,激光器调Q运转阈值是1.2W,而当泵浦功率是10W时,输出功率是1.88W,锁模脉冲的重复频率为114MHz.激光调Q锁模深度在7W时达到100%.泵浦功率为8W时,输出功率为1.58W,调Q包络脉冲的重复频率为91kHz,半峰全宽为43.2ns.     

一种新型结构的单纵模光纤激光器

单纵模掺铒光纤激光器在光通信和光传感等方面有着广泛的应用前景。设计了一种新型的光纤激光器，在光纤环形镜中嵌入未抽运的掺铒光纤作为可饱和吸收体以抑制多纵模，用光纤环谐振腔作为滤波器抑制拍频噪声，用光纤光栅作为波长选择器件，最终得到了单纵模输出并消除了拍频噪声。使用零拍法测量其线宽小于频谱仪的低频极限5kHz。实验结果证明了可饱和吸收体和光纤环的功能。     

二硫化钼掺镱光纤激光器连续和调Q实验研究

采用环形腔结构,实现了1063 nm双包层掺镱光纤激光器的连续和调Q运转.光纤激光器连续输出结果表明,在输出透过率和泵浦功率固定时,存在最佳输出光纤长度.在3m最佳光纤长度时,得到平均输出功率270 mW,中心波长1063 nm、斜率效率为21.5％的连续激光输出.采用自制的二硫化钼(MoS2)作为可饱和吸收体(SA)...     

Influence of Sidelobes on Fiber-Bragg-Grating-Based Q-switched Fiber Laser

We analyze the influence of sidelobes on fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG)-based Q-switched fiber laser. Simulation results show the sidelobes of uniform FBG introduce undesired multiple peaks and decrease the output peak power. The experimental results confirm the simulation results.     

LD泵浦Nd:Gd0.42Y0.58VO4/Cr4 :YAG被动调Q锁模激光器

报道了一种激光二极管（LD）泵浦Nd：Gd0.42Y0.58VO4/Cr^4＋：YAG/KTP结构的被动调Q锁模绿光激光器,采用简单、结构紧凑的平凹腔设计.在注入泵浦功率7.8 W时,调Q锁模绿光平均输出功率为200 mW,调制深度约为40%,脉冲包络重复频率200 kHz,半高宽度100 ns.