粉末钛合金3D打印技术研究进展

粉末钛合金3D打印技术以低成本、易成形、柔性化制备、零件性能优异等优势,近年来成为钛合金近净成形制造领域的研究热点。总结了国内外粉末钛合金3D打印技术的研究进展,包括激光熔化沉积成形技术(LMD)、激光选区熔化成形技术(SLM)、电子束选区熔化成形技术(SEBM)。比较研究了3种成形技术制备的钛合金的组织特点及力学性能,并讨论了粉末钛合金3D打印技术的市场化现状与未来发展趋势。     

金属零件3D打印技术的应用研究

金属零件3D打印技术作为整个3D打印体系中最为前沿和最具潜力的技术,是目前先进制造技术的重要发展方向。随着科技发展对材料的不断需求,利用快速成形技术直接制造金属功能零件将会成为该技术的主要发展方向。3D打印技术正在快速改变着人们传统的生产方式和生活方式。以数字化、网络化、个性化、定制化为特点的3D打印制造技术被外界认为将推动第三次工业革命。激光工程化净成形技术(LENS),激光选区熔化技术(SLM)及电子束选区熔化技术(EBSM)3种技术是金属零件3D打印技术的典型代表。对金属零件3D打印技术,包括基本的技术原理及其技术应用领域进行了介绍,最后对金属零件3D打印技术的发展进行了展望。     

金属零件3D打印技术研究进展

金属零件3D打印技术是整个3D打印体系中最为前沿和最有潜力的技术,是增材制造的重要发展方向。简述了3D打印工艺中适用于金属材料的工艺,主要包括选择性激光烧结(SLS)技术、选择性激光熔化(SLM)技术、选择性激光熔覆(SLC)技术、层叠法成型(LOM)技术、电子束熔覆技术。讨论了各工艺特征、存在问题以及研究进展。     

3D打印非晶合金材料工艺及性能的研究进展

综述了3D打印制备非晶合金材料工艺及性能的研究进展,介绍了激光选区熔化和激光立体成形两种研究较多的3D打印制备非晶合金的方法,重点讨论了成形过程中工艺优化、基体预热、双激光熔化对成形非晶合金中晶态及微裂纹的影响。分析3D打印技术现有缺陷如球化、孔隙,指出今后的研究中可采用重熔、退火、粉体基体预热、改变扫描方式等手段提升性能,以期制备出致密度高、无裂纹、无晶化且性能优异的块体非晶合金。     

3D打印用球形钛粉制备技术研究现状

目前,我国3D打印材料市场规模已达到30亿元,其中钛合金占比最大,达到了20%。3D打印钛合金零件被广泛应用于航空航天、核工业、医疗器械及运动器材等领域。钛合金粉末作为3D打印钛合金零件的重要金属材料,其性能(包括氧含量、纯净度、球形度、粉末粒径、粉体密度等)直接影响到3D打印钛合金零件的成型性能,3D打印钛粉的制备技术及工艺已成为国内外开发和研究的热点。首先详细介绍了制备球形钛粉的主要方法,包括雾化法(气雾化、离心雾化、等离子雾化)、球化法(激光球化、等离子球化)、造粒烧结脱氧法,同时综述了国内外研究现状;接着对球形钛粉制备技术进行了比较,认为造粒烧结法因制粉成本低廉而具有很大的发展前景;最后对球形钛粉制备技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

3D打印主要成形工艺及其应用进展

3D打印是以计算机图形数据为基础,通过逐层堆积的方式构建实体,具有高柔性制造以及对复杂零件自由快速成形的特点.从文献研究入手,重点介绍了光固化成形、熔融沉积制造、选区激光烧结、选区激光熔化、三维印刷成形、分层实体制造等典型3D打印工艺的成形原理以及研究进展,在此基础上着重概述了3D打印在生物医学、航空航天、建筑工程领域的应用.简要分析了当前3D打印技术发展中存在的一些问题并提出了一系列解决方案.3D打印技术的出现,给传统制造技术带来了革命性改变,其应用范围广泛,未来一定会融入到人们生活的方方面面.     

粉末床电子束3D打印Ti-6Al-4V合金的工程应用技术研究进展

电子束选区熔化(selective electron beam melting,SEBM)是20世纪90年代初期发展起来的一类金属3D打印工艺,具有能量利用率高、成形效率高和成形应力低的突出优点,并且是在真空环境中成形,特别适用于高熔点、高活性、脆性金属材料复杂构件的高质量制造。由于其是一种粉末床熔融型3D打印工艺,通常也称之为粉末床电子束3D打印技术。从粉末床电子束3D打印的粉末原料、组织与性能、复杂构件的成形能力和工程应用等方面,介绍了作者团队10多年来在粉末床电子束3D打印稀有金属材料方面的工作积累,重点介绍了粉末床电子束3D打印Ti-6Al-4V合金的研究进展,最后结合3D打印技术整体发展趋势对粉末床电子束3D打印技术的发展前景和重点发展方向进行了展望。     

SLM成形镍基高温合金及其数值模拟的研究进展

镍基高温合金在高温高压条件下具有较高的强度和良好的抗氧化、抗燃气腐蚀能力,广泛地用来制造航空喷气发动机、各种工业燃气轮机最热端部件。首先介绍了用选区激光熔化成形技术(SLM)3D打印镍基高温合金零件及其数值模拟的国内外研究现状,然后介绍了SLM技术成形的镍基高温合金的力学性能和微观组织结构以及后处理对其微观组织及性能的影响。其次介绍了通过有限元对增材制造过程的模拟,以及其对工艺过程指导意义。最后进一步介绍了SLM成形镍基高温合金领域的研究热点以及数值模拟在这一领域的应用。     

生物医用多孔钛及钛合金激光快速成形研究进展

多孔钛及钛合金具有良好的生物相容性和与人骨更匹配的力学性能,是人体理想的替代材料,因此其制备技术及相关性能研究引起了广泛关注。激光快速成形是一项先进的制造技术,在制备生物多孔金属材料时具有独特的优势。介绍了激光快速成形的工作原理和技术特征,根据成形工艺特点简要回顾了4种代表性激光快速成形技术(选择性激光烧结、选择性激光熔化、激光近净成形和激光立体成形)的国内外发展现状,并重点论述了这几种技术在制备生物医用多孔钛及钛合金方面的最新研究进展,最后指出了今后在该领域的主要研究工作。     

难熔金属材料先进制备技术

介绍了现代烧结技术(微波烧结、放电等离子烧结、选择性激光烧结)、先进高纯材料制备技术(电子束精炼、区域熔炼、等离子弧熔炼)、近净成形技术(3D打印、金属注射成形、高能喷涂成形)和抗氧化技术(涂层、复合材料等)4类先进制备技术。阐述了基本原理、技术优势、国内外研究现状及其在难熔金属材料制备方面的初步应用,并指出难熔金属材料的制备正在向着更高纯度、更高抗氧化性能及近终成形方向发展。最后提出了采用先进技术制备高性能难熔金属材料亟待解决的一些突出问题:从实验室走向实际应用还需要大量的的试验和基础研究数据;需要进一步提高难熔金属单晶纯度、扩大单晶品种和规格;近净成形件完全代替传统锻件要先解决内部组织和缺陷的控制、综合力学性能的调控等;高温抗氧化时长需进一步提高。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.