La、Y、Yb对木材表面化学镀Ni-P的影响

在传统的化学镀镀液中分别添加稀土氧化物La203、Y203和Yb203在木材表面制备Ni-P镀层.重点考察了不同稀土氧化物浓度对化学镀镀速、镀液稳定性、Ni-P镀层质量和电磁屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明,Yb203对提高化学镀镀速、镀液稳定性、Ni-P镀层质量和电屏蔽性能具有较好的效果.与传统的化学镀方法相比,添加浓度为40mg·L-1的Yb203可提高化学镀镀速、镀液稳定性和屏蔽性能分别为13.8%、36.4%和8.6%,并使Nj-P镀层更加致密、平整和光亮.     

稀土元素镱对木质化学镀镍-磷电磁屏蔽材料的影响

采用在传统的化学镀镀液中添加稀土元素镱的方法制备了木质化学镀Ni-P电磁屏蔽材料.考察了稀土氧化物Yb2O3质量浓度对化学镀镀速、镀液稳定性、Ni-P镀层质量及其电磁屏蔽性能的影响.结果表明,与传统的化学镀方法相比,添加质量浓度为40 mg/L的Yb2O3可分别使Ni-P平均镀速、镀液稳定性和电磁屏蔽性能提高12.6%、36.4%和8.0%,并使Ni-P镀层更加致密、平整和光亮.     

化学镀镍稳定剂的研究

以镀速、镀层中磷的质量分数、镀液稳定性为评价指标,考察了Pb2+、Cu2+分别作稳定剂时和Cu2+与硫酸铈复配使用时的效果。结果表明:Pb2+的添加量变化范围比Cu2+的窄,同时Cu2+作稳定剂时镀液中Ni 2+的利用率较高。将50mg/L Cu2+和5mg/L硫酸铈复配使用,获得的镀速为10.69μm/h,镀层中磷的质量分数为10.18%,稳定常数为0.97,且镀层为非晶态结构。     

稀土铈对高碳钢电机轴化学镀镍-磷合金耐磨性的影响

对高碳钢电机轴表面化学镀Ni–P合金,以提高其耐磨性。研究了稀土铈质量浓度对Ni–P合金镀层形貌、相结构、结合力和耐磨性的影响。结果表明：镀液中添加5～20 mg/L Ce⁴⁺能够提高镀层的致密性、平整性和结合力。Ce⁴⁺质量浓度为20 mg/L时,制备的Ni–P合金镀层结合力达56 N,耐磨性最佳。当Ce⁴⁺质量浓度过高(如50 mg/L)时,镀层的综合性能反而不如未加Ce⁴⁺时。     

硫酸铈与硫酸铜对化学镀镍的影响

以反应活化能、镀速、镀层中磷的质量分数和镀层光泽度为评价指标,研究了Ce(SO_4)_2和CuSO_4对柠檬酸体系化学镀镍的影响。结果表明:添加Ce(SO_4)_2和CuSO_4均能降低反应体系的活化能;将50mg/L Ce(SO_4)_2和7.5mg/L CuSO_4进行复配,镀速达到15.427 6μm/h,镀层中磷的质量分数为10.58%,镀层光泽度为228Gs。     

Ni-P-SiC-MoS2化学复合镀工艺

研究了Ni-P-SiC-MoS2化学复合镀工艺,给出了化学复合镀液成分及实验方案,讨论了温度及表面活性剂质量浓度对化学复合镀速、镀层与基体的结合强度和镀层硬度的影响。实验结果表明,当施镀温度为90°C,表面活性剂质量浓度为60mg/L时,镀速最快,镀层与基体的结合强度较好,镀层显微硬度可达684HV。     

镀液中SiC的质量浓度对化学镀Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

研究了镀液中SiC的质量浓度对化学镀Ni-P-SiC复合镀层中SiC的质量分数、表面形貌、镀速、耐蚀性、硬度、孔隙率及耐磨性的影响,并考察了稀土对镀层性能的影响。结果表明:随着镀液中SiC的质量浓度的增加,镀层中SiC的质量分数先增大后减小;当镀液中SiC的质量浓度过高时,镀层中会出现SiC微粒团聚的现象;化学镀Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性优于化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀性;当镀液中SiC的质量浓度为8g/L时,镀层具有较高的硬度和较好的耐磨性;向镀液中添加适量的氧化铈可以细化镀层晶粒。     

稀土元素对光纤表面化学镀镍的影响

研究了3种稀土元素Ce、La、Y对光纤表面化学镀Ni-P-B镀液稳定性和沉积速度以及镀层质量的影响,结果表明,在化学镀Ni-P-B基础镀液中添加适量的稀土元素,可以改善镀液稳定性,提高沉积速度,细化镀层晶粒。添加20mg/L的Ce可以提高镀液的稳定性,提高了沉积速度,SEM图表明该镀层更加致密,表面质量优于未加稀土的镀层。初步探讨了稀土在镀液中的作用机理。     

高磷化学镀镍磷合金工艺优化

采用正交试验对化学镀镍–磷合金镀液的添加剂进行优化。基础镀液组成和工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O26 g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 30 g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O 16 g/L,柠檬酸21.5 g/L,88%乳酸5 m L/L,OP-10 5 mg/L,p H 4.80±0.2,温度(88±2)°C,时间2 h。探讨了添加剂苯骈三氮唑(BAT)、苯并咪唑(BMI)、氨三乙酸(NTA)和硫酸高铈对镀速、镀层光泽度和磷含量的影响。4种添加剂的最优组成为:BAT 1.0 mg/L,BMI 10 mg/L,NTA 0.5 g/L,Ce(SO4)2·4H2O 6 mg/L。采用该组合添加剂进行化学镀Ni–P合金时,镀速为10.92μm/h,镀层光泽度和磷含量分别为225 Gs和12.96%,表面均匀、致密、平整。     

镁合金化学复合镀Ni-P/纳米SiC工艺的研究

在AZ 91D镁合金表面制备Ni-P/纳米SiC化学复合镀层.探讨镀液中纳米SiC微粒的质量浓度对镀速、复合镀层性能等的影响.利用扫描电镜观察镀层表面形貌,采用能谱分析仪进行镀层表面成分的定性分析,采用显微硬度计测试镀层硬度,并对不同工艺下获得的镀层进行快速磨损实验.结果表明:镀液中添加适量的纳米SiC微粒,镀速和镀层硬度都有显著的提高.当镀液中纳米SiC的质量浓度为9 g/L时,镀速可达到25.6 μm/h;当镀液中纳米SiC的质量浓度为7 g/L时,镀层的维氏硬度可达到9 380 MPa;同时镀层的耐磨性能相比于Ni-P合金镀层的也有显著提高.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。