ODS铁素体钢中弥散氧化物的研究进展

ODS 铁素体钢具有优异的高温力学性能和抗辐照能力, 有望成为新一代先进反应堆如超临界水堆包壳管的候选材料以及未来聚变堆的结构材料.ODS铁素体钢的这种优异性能主要源于其内部弥散分布的细小氧化物颗粒.回顾了国内外所涉及的关于ODS铁素体钢中氧化物弥散强化颗粒的研究进展,包括氧化物弥散粒子的选择、检测、分解和析出机理、存在形式等,展望了目前ODS铁素体钢的应用前景并总结了存在的问题.     

氧化物弥散强化(ODS)合金在高温领域的应用

扼要阐述了铁、基二类氧化物弥散强化合金的发展状况、加工工艺、高温性能及其应用前景。     

Sc元素对ZL205A合金组织和力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段,研究Sc含量对砂型铸造ZL205A合金的组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,Sc含量低于0.12%(质量分数,下同),未发现晶粒细化效果;Sc含量为0.06%,热处理态的合金晶界出现残留颗粒状W(AlCuSc)相,随Sc含量增加,W相由颗粒状转变为连续条带状;ZL205A合金热处理后弥散析出少量Al 3(Zr x,Ti 1-x)相,添加Sc后弥散相转变为Al 3(Zr x,Ti y,Sc 1-x-y)相,弥散相的数量随Sc含量的增加而增加;由于弥散相数量的增加,Sc含量为0.06%时,合金的时效响应速率和硬度峰值均略有增加,合金的屈服强度提高了4%;Sc含量为0.12%时,晶界残留相增加,Cu在α(Al)中的浓度降低,θ′相密度明显降低,合金的时效响应速率、硬度峰值以及力学性能各项指标均大幅下降;ZL205A合金中添加0.06%的Sc,即可明显地抑制θ′相的长大。     

机械合金化氧化物弥散强化合金再结晶过程的研究

机械合金化氧化物弥散强化合金的极高再结晶温度无法用γ析出物熔解、弥散粒子粗化、或常规晶粒长在理论合理解释。这类合金再结晶前晶粒极其细小，在微米以下量级。分析表明，在这种情况下，超细晶粒的晶界交结线在强列钉轧作用，阻止再结晶成核启动。本工作基于这种考虑，建立模型，较完善地解释了机械合金化氧化物弥散强化合金的奇异再结晶现象。     

Cu对Fe-NiAlMn合金析出强化过程的影响EI北大核心CSCD

将Fe-NiAlMn和Fe-CuNiAlMn合金在900℃固溶2 h后水淬,并在500℃时效不同时间。利用显微硬度测试和原子探针层析技术(APT)研究Cu的添加对Fe-NiAlMn合金析出强化过程的影响。结果表明:Cu的添加增强了时效初期的析出强化效果,加快了整个析出强化进程。时效过程中,Cu元素首先偏聚形核成为富Cu相,并促使Ni,Al,Mn元素在富Cu相与基体界面处偏聚形核形成Ni(Al,Mn)相,两相为核壳结构。随着时效时间的延长,富Cu相由BCC结构转变为FCC结构,与Ni(Al,Mn)相逐渐分离。     

高分子专利EI北大核心CSCD

专利名称：一种透明环氧纳米复合材料及其制备方法和用途 专利申请号：CN200610080966．6 公开号：CN101077923 申请日：2006．05．26 公开日：2007．11．28 申请人：中国科学院理化技术研究所 本发明涉及一种透明环氧纳米复合材料及其制备方法和用途,该透明环氧纳米复合材料的填料为复合纳米无机填料;所述复合纳米无机填料包括：作为核的二氧化硅纳米颗粒、作为壳包覆于二氧化硅纳米颗粒之外的二氧化钛和包覆于二氧化钛壳之外的二氧化硅外层;     

ODS钢在热加工过程中纳米氧化物演化行为的研究进展

与第二、三代核能系统相比,第四代核能系统和核聚变堆的运行温度更高、辐照剂量更强以及腐蚀环境更为严苛,因此开发高性能核电材料迫在眉睫。氧化物弥散强化(Oxide dispersion strengthened,ODS)钢含有高密度的弥散纳米氧化物和空位尾闾,使其具有优异的抗高温蠕变和抗辐照肿胀的性能,因此被认为是第四代核裂变堆包壳管和核聚变堆包层结构最有前景的候选材料之一。ODS钢优异的性能源于其独特的微观组织结构,尤其是弥散分布的纳米氧化物。在热变形过程中,纳米氧化物形态变化不大,但在冷变形过程中,纳米氧化物会发生明显的塑性变形,后续的高温退火处理使其溶解再析出。合理调控合金元素可以提高纳米氧化物的稳定性和减小纳米氧化物尺寸,但晶界与纳米氧化物的相互作用会使纳米氧化物丧失界面关系而加速粗化,并且在晶界附近区域会出现无析出区。由于ODS钢中纳米氧化物的演化行为复杂,调控纳米氧化物的尺寸和弥散分布程度仍有待进一步研究。本文归纳了ODS钢在热加工过程中纳米氧化物演化行为的研究进展,分别对纳米氧化物的塑性变形机制、纳米氧化物的溶解再析出机制、纳米氧化物的热稳定性和纳米氧化物与晶界的相互作用进行...     

球磨时间和退火温度对氧化物弥散强化合金粉末结构的影响

为了研究铁基氧化物弥散强化(ODS)合金粉末中氧化物的结构演变过程与规律,采用行星式球磨机制备了高Y₂O₃含量的粉末,并在400～1 200℃范围内退火1 h,利用XRD、SEM和TEM研究了球磨和退火后粉末的结构变化。结果表明,球磨前期粉末尺寸较大,内部缺陷较多,球磨至48 h时,粉末粒径主要分布在5μm以下,Fe晶粒细化至约20 nm, Y₂O₃与基体均匀分布,且在球磨过程中出现了少量的Y₂Ti₂O₇相。针对不同退火温度的研究结果显示,退火温度在600℃时开始析出YTiO₃相,在1 000℃时开始析出Y₂Ti₂O₇相,随着退火温度升高,氧化物逐渐扩散至粉末表层,退火温度超过1 000℃时粉末内部Y-Ti-O相比例减少较为明显。ODS粉末的微观结构分析及相关结论可为制备高性能核反应堆结构材料提供一定的借鉴与参考。     

ODS钢研究进展及其在核电领域的应用现状

氧化物弥散强化钢(Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel, ODS钢),具有优异的力学性能、高温稳定性及抗辐照性能.本文概要地综述了机械合金化、热等静压固化成形、等离子烧结及转角挤压等ODS钢的制备方法,总结了微观组织及结构对ODS钢性能的影响规律及影响机制,又综述了合金元素对ODS钢性能影响的相关研究进展;并对ODS钢在核电领域中的应用及相关研究进展进行了概括,介绍了激光技术在ODS钢制备及加工领域的应用,讨论了ODS钢在核电环境服役过程中存在的主要问题及进一步的研究方向,为核电站的安全运行提供有力的参考依据,对于核电材料的创新发展具有一定的参考作用.     

竹纤维与丙烯酸的共辐照接枝改性EI北大核心CSCD

研究了60Co-γ射线辐照对竹纤维和丙烯酸进行接枝共聚反应条件,探讨了单体含量、辐照剂量、pH值等因素对接枝率的影响。研究结果发现,最佳共辐照接枝条件为:单体质量分数40%,辐照剂量5kGy,温度60℃,反应时间6 h,体系pH值为1,此时接枝率可达51.2%。红外光谱和扫描电镜表明丙烯酸与竹纤维发生了化学接枝而非物理吸附。热重分析表明共辐照接枝能改善竹纤维的热稳定性,XRD研究发现共辐照接枝后,竹纤维结晶度降低。     

The effects of Y pre-alloying on the in-situ dispersoids of ODS CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy

Oxide dispersion strengthened CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys(ODS-HEAs)were prepared using two different powder preparation methods classified by yttrium addition strategy to investigate the effects of in-situ and ex-situ oxide dispersoid formation on the microstructure and mechanical properties.System-atic microstructural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),atom probe tomography(APT),and small-angle neutron scattering(SANS).Cryo-milled powder analysis,grain structure evolution after spark plasma sintering,dispersoid characteristics,and matrix/dispersoid interface structure analysis of the in-situ and ex-situ dispersoids within the high-entropy alloy(HEA)matrix were performed.The in-situ dispersoid formation was dominantly observed in the Y-alloyed ODS-HEA through the construction of a coherent interface relationship with complex chemical composition,leading to an increase in the Zener pinning forces on the grain boundary movement.ODS-HEA with in-situ oxide dispersoids enhanced the formation of ultrafine-grained structures with an average diameter of330 nm at a sintering temperature of 1173 K.This study shows that the Y pre-alloying method is efficient in achieving fine coherent dis-persoids with an ultrafine-grained structure,resulting in an enhancement of the tensile strength of the CoCrFeMnNi HEA.     

BaLiF3微晶辐照损伤及其稀土掺杂抑制

用电子顺磁共振和热释发光对ＢａＬｉＦ３微晶的Ｘ射线和γ射线辐照损伤及稀土掺杂对其辐照损伤的抑制作了研究，发现Ｘ射线造成的辐照损伤在自然条件下仅数日就可以恢复；而因γ射线辐照所造成的辐照损伤则较难恢复，但其抗辐照性能在掺入适宜的稀土离子如Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｙｂ＾３＋后可得到改善，这表明将其用于γ射线等高能粒子的探测亦是很有希望的。     

Significance of crystallographic grain orientation for oxide scale formation on FeCrAl ODS alloys studied by AFM and MCs+-SIMS

Abstract

Single crystalline specimens were prepared by spark erosion of large grains in an extremely coarse textured bar of an FeCrAl based ODS alloy. These flat single crystalline specimens were studied in respect to oxidation behaviour at 800°C and 1,000°C in air. Initially the oxide scales appeared to grow by outward diffusion of aluminium but subsequently scale growth proceeded by grain boundary oxygen diffusion. The composition, grain size and growth rate of the transient oxide appeared to be dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the alloy. After the inward diffusion of oxygen had become dominant, the oxides on specimens with different crystallographic orientations showed clear differences in their growth rates. Correlation of SIMS results with quantitative grain size analysis performed by AFM showed that the different oxide growth rates, which pertained during longer exposure times, were related to differences in the oxide grain size and therefore the density of oxygen diffusion paths with different crystallographic orientations.     

Thermal stability of additively manufactured austenitic 304L ODS alloy

Thermal stability and high-temperature mechanical properties of a 304L austenitic oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)are examined in this work.Additively manufactured 304LODS alloy samples were aged at temperatures of 1000,1100,and 1200℃for 100h in an argon atmosphere.Microstructure characterization of LPBF 304L ODS alloy before and after the thermal stability experiments revealed that despite the annihilation of dislocations,induced cellular substructure by the LPBF process was partially retained in the ODS alloy even after aging at 1200℃.The size of Y-Si-O nanoparticles after aging at 1200℃increased from 25 to 50 nm.EBSD analysis revealed that nanoparticles retained the microstructure of LPBF 304L ODS and hindered recrystallization and further grain growth.At 600℃and 800℃,the yield stress of the 290 and 145 MPa were measured,respectively,which are substantially higher than 113 MPa,and 68 MPa for 304L at the same temperatures.Furthermore,the creep properties of LPBF 304L ODS alloy were evaluated at a temperature of 700℃under three applied stresses of 70,85,and 100 MPa yielding a stress exponent(n)of～7.7;the minimum creep rate at 100 MPa was found to be about two orders of magnitude lower than found in the literature for wrought 304L stainless steel.     

C对MGH956合金TIG原位合金化焊接的影响

对MGH956合金添加自制填充粉末进行TIG原位合金化焊接,分析了TIG焊接过程中C的原位合金化机制和行为。结果表明:在TIG焊原位反应的过程中,C对N的分压作用降低了N在焊接熔池中的溶解度,从而消除了氮气孔;同时焊接熔池中的C与Ti通过相关机制生成了50~100nm的TiC颗粒,并均匀分布在焊缝中。因此当填充材料中含有适量的C进行焊接时,不仅可以细化晶粒,同时能够显著提高焊缝的力学性能,从而改善焊接接头的综合性能。     

Annealing effects on microstructure and coercive field of ferritic-martensitic ODS Eurofer steel

Oxide dispersion strengthened reduced-activation ferritic-martensitic steels are promising candidates for applications in future fusion power plants. Samples of a reduced activation ferritic-martensitic 9 wt.%Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened Eurofer steel were cold rolled to 80% reduction in thickness and annealed in vacuum for 1 h from 200 to 1350 °C to evaluate its thermal stability. Vickers microhardness testing and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize the microstructure. The microstructural changes were also followed by magnetic measurements, in particular the corresponding variation of the coercive field (H_c), as a function of the annealing treatment. Results show that magnetic measurements were sensitive to detect the changes, in particular the martensitic transformation, in samples annealed above 850 °C (austenitic regime).     

超声辐照作用下PP/POE共混体系结构与性能的研究

研究了超声辐照对PP/POE共混体系的挤出加工流变行为、力学性能及结晶行为的影响。结果表明:在超声辐照作用下PP/POE共混体系的熔体表观黏度随超声功率的增加而减小,超声辐照能降低口模压力,提高挤出物产量。适宜功率的超声辐照有助于POE粒子的破碎和在PP基体中的均匀分散,改善二者相容性,提高了共混体系的冲击性能。