三元阻垢剂IA/AA/HEMA的制备与性能

以衣康酸(IA)、丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备三元共聚阻垢剂IA-AA-HEMA,以阻垢率为指标,利用称垢法评价其阻垢效果;利用P-B试验和CCD实验优化阻垢剂制备条件。结果表明IPA投加量15%、KPS投加量8%、单体配比n_(IA)∶n_(AA)∶n_(HEMA)=1∶0.5∶0.3、聚合温度86℃、聚合时间85 min的最优条件下,阻垢率最大可达96.69%,其中聚合温度和单体配比n_(IA)∶n_(AA)对阻垢率的影响极为显著,聚合时间和KPS显著影响次之。红外光谱表征表明IA-AA-HEMA阻垢剂聚合成功,CaCO_3垢样的扫描电镜分析结果表明加入IA-AA-HEMA后CaCO_3垢样结构明显疏松,阻垢效果良好。     

基于聚二甲基硅氧烷和纳米CaCO_3的超疏水自清洁涂层的制备

利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)与纳米CaCO_3,采用有机无机共混法制备有机无机复合涂层。向PDMS中引入适量的纳米CaCO_3粒子能显著提高复合涂层的表面接触角,纳米CaCO_3粒子的引入将PDMS涂层的表面接触角从113°提高到158°。该复合涂层具有非常好的自清洁性能。此外,该方法操作简单、步骤简便、无需特殊设备、适合大面积制备且生产成本低。因此,该超疏水自清洁涂层具有实用价值。     

绿色阻垢剂MA/SSS聚合物的表征及其阻垢性能

为丰富绿色水处理剂聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)的功能性官能团,优化其阻垢性能,以马来酸酐(MA)和苯乙烯磺酸基盐(SSS)为原料,利用固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2-SiO_2为催化剂,熔融聚合了新型含苯乙烯磺酸基聚合物(MA/SSS)。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对聚合物进行表征;采用静态试验考察了其CaCO_3阻垢效果,并用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试探讨了MA/SSS的CaCO_3阻垢机理。结果表明:MA/SSS具有羧基、磺酸基和苯环等一系列特征峰,其数均相对分子量Mw为4 174;在相同条件下,与PESA相比,MA/SSS适用于高钙环境且用量小。机理研究表明,MA/SSS干扰或抑制了球霰石进一步结晶生长,形成无定形沉渣。     

CaCO_3/Al_2O_3/MWCNTs环氧复合涂层性能研究

利用KH560对碳酸钙(CaCO_3)、氧化铝(Al_2O_3)、酸化后的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面进行接枝改性,并制备了CaCO_3/Al_2O_3/MWCNTs/环氧树脂(EP)复合涂层。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TG)和EDS分析对改性前后的无机填料进行表征,使用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、抗冲击试验、高温高压实验测试复合涂层的附着力、耐腐蚀等性能。同时用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合涂层表面形貌。结果表明,KH560成功的接枝在3种无机填料表面,当MWCNTs的质量分数为2%时,CaCO_3/Al_2O_3/MWCNTs/EP复合涂层的分散性最好,性能最优。     

新型MA/AA/HEMA三元共聚物阻垢剂的合成及反应条件的确定

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为单体,亚硫酸氢钠-过硫酸铵为引发剂,叔丁醇为分子量调节剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合法,合成MA/AA/HEMA新型三元共聚物阻垢分散剂,并通过正交实验测试法得出其最佳合成条件。通过静态沉淀抑制法对三元共聚物的阻垢性能进行评价,共聚物投加量为4mg/L时,对CaCO_3的阻垢率最佳,达到93.72%。利用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对共聚物的结构进行分析,共聚物结构中具有羧基、酰胺基、酯基和磺酸基等官能团,且具有较大的比表面积使得凝聚分散作用抑制CaCO_3沉淀容易进行。     

冷却水系统绿色复合阻垢缓蚀剂的性能及机理研究

为了解决目前循环冷却水系统中结垢和多金属的腐蚀问题以及传统化学加药处理法中存在普遍含磷、加药复杂等问题,通过系列筛选和优化试验得到了一种具有优良阻垢效果,并同时对铜、铁和铝3种材质具有良好缓蚀作用的复合绿色水处理剂。采用静态阻垢法、旋转挂片法、电化学测试(极化曲线)、表面分析技术对其阻垢缓蚀性能及机理进行了研究。结果表明:复合药剂的阻垢率高达96.2%,对Q235碳钢、T2紫铜和6063铝合金的缓蚀率分别达到94.0%、95.5%和93.4%,是一种性能优良的阻垢缓蚀剂;它通过吸附在CaCO3晶面的活性生长点,使晶格发生扭曲、分散而不能形成垢,达到阻垢效果;电化学测试结果显示该复合绿色水处理剂通过同时抑制阴阳极反应从而降低Q235、T2紫铜和6063铝合金的腐蚀速度;热力学计算结果表明,该复合绿色水处理剂对于Q235碳钢是化学吸附方式;对于T2和6063是以化学吸附为主的混合型吸附方式。     

碳酸钙基导电复合粉体的制备与性能

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,对碳酸钙进行包覆改性得到CaCO_3-SiO_2,采用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺(PANI)包覆的碳酸钙基导电复合粉体(CaCO_3-SiO_2-PANI);用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)和电阻率测试等手段对样品进行分析表征,探讨CaCO_3-SiO_2复合粉体与苯胺(An)质量比对导电复合粉体形貌、结构和电导率的影响。结果表明:随着m(CaCO_3-SiO_2)∶m(An)从1∶1增加至3∶1,复合导电粉体的电导率从5.6×10~(-2) S·cm~(-1)减小至5.7×10~(-3) S·cm~(-1);质量比为3∶1时,导电复合粉体形貌变化明显,产物中生成少量硫酸钙;聚苯胺包覆不会改变碳酸钙的晶型;该导电复合粉体在温度200℃以下具有良好的耐热性和较高的电导率。     

复合缓蚀阻垢剂对模拟循环冷却水中Q235碳钢的缓蚀与阻垢性能

为寻找性能更优的缓蚀阻垢剂,采用静态失重、静态阻垢、电化学测试、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法,研究了聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)、羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)及其复合物对模拟循环冷却水中Q235碳钢的缓蚀与阻垢性能。结果表明:复合缓蚀阻垢剂对Q235碳钢的缓蚀率和阻垢率均达到90%以上,其缓蚀、阻垢性能明显优于单组分PESA和HEDP;复合缓蚀阻垢剂是以抑制阴极反应为主的缓蚀剂,能很好地发挥各组分间的协同作用,在碳钢表面形成保护膜,抑制其在循环冷却水中发生腐蚀;复合缓蚀阻垢剂有助于Ca CO3垢样的分散和球霰石晶型的形成,起到较好的阻垢分散作用。     

模拟地热水中化学镀镍磷钢管的耐蚀阻垢性能研究

金属管材的腐蚀和结垢是地热资源开发利用中存在的主要问题。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、全浸均匀腐蚀实验和电化学测试法对比研究了化学镀镍磷钢管、304不锈钢管和20#碳钢管在模拟地热水(广东省和平县)中的耐蚀阻垢性能。结果表明,化学镀镍磷钢管的表面能较低,生成的CaCO_3污垢稳定性较差,不易在表面聚集;此外,化学镀镍磷钢管在模拟地热水中产生的表面钝化膜致密稳定,能有效保护基材免受腐蚀。因此,化学镀镍磷钢管在模拟地热水中的耐蚀和阻垢性能明显优于304不锈钢管和20#碳钢管。     

CPP消光膜的研制

聚丙烯消光膜(PP　Matt Film)是一种高雾度和低光泽度、具有呈漫反射状消光效果的聚丙烯薄膜，在塑料软包装加工过程中，在包装材料的有面复合一层消光膜，可以消除膜面反光，使印刷色彩得到真实的表现，并具有立体感和良好的手感。聚丙烯消光膜正因为具有这种良好的印刷包装效果而广泛地应用在高档包装产品上。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to