国外有机热载体加热炉的结构设计

对有机热载体加热炉进行了分类,分析了国外有机热载体加热炉的结构形式,作重介绍了圆形盘管式有机热载体加热炉、高效率节能型有机热载体加热炉、管架式有机热载体加热炉和方箱形盘管式有机热载体加热炉等的特点。     

基于广义预测控制为主的综合控制算法构成控制器的开发与应用

提出一种以广义预测控制算法为主,以由Smith预估参数组成的无模型控制律为辅,以多变量状态反馈为前馈的综合控制算法控制器,其中广义预测控制算法在PC机中实现并通过与DCS通讯完成数据交换,而Smith预估控制、无模型控制率、多变量状态反馈算法均在DCS中实现。此种控制器克服了广义预测控制抗干扰能力弱的缺点,在加热炉控制应用中其优越性得到充分体现,解决了加热炉自动控制的难题,保证了工艺指标。     

大型热载体加热炉的设计开发

讨论了大型燃煤热载体加热炉、大型燃油热载体加热炉的结构型式和自动控制 ,并分析了大型热载体炉的设计准则。     

蓄热式瓦斯加热炉工艺深度研究

抚顺干馏技术是气体热载体工艺,热载体中含有氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳,也含有水蒸气和少量气态汽油。升温热载体需要在加热炉内进行换热,根据加热炉内部结构不同分为两种方式:一种是直接加热法,采用管束式炉膛;另一种是间接加热法,采用蓄热砖式炉膛。目前工业比较成熟的是间接加热法,主要设备称为蓄热式瓦斯加热炉。文中将对这种加热炉的供热原理和运用进行阐述,并提出瓦斯加热炉改进方向。     

采用DCS控制系统实现串级调节

阐述了串级控制在DCS中的应用,并以加热炉温度与流量串级控制为例叙述了串级控制的实现,并从信号传输的角度描述了串级控制系统从DCS到现场的调节过程。     

有机热载体加热炉热媒温度的精确控制

本文介绍了燃煤、燃油(气)、电加热有机热载体加热炉不同的温度控制方式及各自的特点,详细分析了为达到精确控制温度所能采取的各种系统控制调节方案。     

有机热载体加热炉热媒温度的精确控制

本文介绍了燃煤、燃油（气）、电加热有机热载体加热炉不同的温度控制方式及各自的特点，详细分析了为达到精确控制温度所能采取的各种系统控制调节方案。     

加热炉的联锁与控制说明

介绍某管式加热炉的DCS自动控制联锁、各种仪表的状态及其控制,分析了在目前生产状况下,加热炉的DCS联锁作用、运行状态和仪表指标,并针对加热炉的仪表管理运行提出建议。     

基于DCS的加热炉鼓风机变频调速控制应用

介绍了DCS+变频器控制系统在某石化企业加热炉鼓风机变频控制项目改造中的应用,经过施工改造,实现了加热炉鼓风机的DCS远程变频调速控制,能够及时调整加热炉进风量大小,同时,降低了鼓风机能耗。     

实现加热炉支路平衡控制的一种算法

用步进递推静态初补偿方式者了加热炉支路平衡控制，提出了带反向增量初偿的加法器算法和支路温差自动平衡算法，并介绍其在DCS系统中的实现。     

On-line multivariable adaptive control of a binary distillation column

An experimental evaluation of the simultaneous control of top and bottom product compositions of a binary distillation column utilizing multi-variable self-tuning control algorithms is presented. The study was carried out using an 8-tray, 22.86 cm diameter methanol–water pilot scale column with continuous capacitance analysis of top product composition and bottom composition analyzed on a 3 minute cycle, by a gas chromatograph. Column control is studied for ±25% step disturbances in feed flow rate. Terminal composition regulation using both ‘positional’ and ‘incremental’ forms of a generalized minimum variance self-tuning control algorithm is compared with that achieved using a conventional digital PI/PID multiloop control strategy.     

NONLINEAR MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL

Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC), a strategy for constrained, feedback control of nonlinear processes, has been developed. The algorithm uses a simultaneous solution and optimization approach to determine the open-loop optimal manipulated variable trajectory at each sampling instant. Feedback is incorporated via an estimator, which uses process measurements to infer unmeasured state and disturbance values. These are used by the controller to determine the future optimal control policy. This scheme can be used to control processes described by different kinds of models, such as nonlinear ordinary differential/algebraic equations, partial differential/algebraic equations, integra-differential equations and delay equations. The advantages of the proposed NMPC scheme are demonstrated with the start-up of a non-isothermal, non-adiabatic CSTR with an irreversible, first-order reaction. The set-point corresponds to an open-loop unstable steady state. Comparisons have been made with controllers designed using (1) nonlinear variable transformations, (2) a linear controller tuned using the internal model control approach, and (3) open-loop optimal control. NMPC was able to bring the controlled variable to its set-point quickly and smoothly from a wide variety of initial conditions. Unlike the other controllers, NMPC dealt with constraints in an explicit manner without any degradation in the quality of control. NMPC also demonstrated superior performance in the presence of a moderate amount of error in the model parameters, and the process was brought to its set-point without steady-state offset.     

模糊控制的现状与工程应用关键问题研究

详细阐述了模糊控制技术的研究现状,包括经典模糊控制、智能模糊控制和复合模糊控制。研究分析了模糊控制技术在工程应用中存在的若干问题,包括模糊控制规则和参数优化问题、强耦合多变量问题和模糊控制稳态精度问题,并根据目前国内外模糊控制技术的研究趋势,指出了模糊控制技术未来的研究方向。     

裂解炉的先进控制

介绍了中国石油大庆石化公司化工一厂乙烯装置GK一Ⅵ型裂解炉的主要控制方案，并结合工艺操作具体说明控制方案的实现过程。     

Two-degree-of-freedom output feedback controllers for nonlinear processes

In this work, a nonlinear output feedback control algorithm is proposed, in the spirit of model-state feedback control. The structure provides state estimates using a process model, the measured output, and the residual between the model output and the measured output. These estimates will track the process states at a rate determined by a set of tunable parameters. An algebraic transformation of the state estimates is incorporated in the control structure to ensure that the input/output gain of the observer matches the model upon which the static state feedback control law is based. The transformed states are then used in the control law. This leads to a controller of minimal order possessing integral action. The control structure is shown to have the same properties as the standard model-state feedback structure. The resulting algorithm is a two-degree of freedom control law, in the sense that the control action is not a function of the error only, but the output and the set point are processed in different ways. Finally, a simulation example using an exothermic CSTR operating at an open-loop unstable steady state is used to demonstrate the closed-loop performance of the proposed method.     

轮胎硫化生产过程的模糊控制

分析轮胎硫化生产过程的特点,建立了硫化罐温度和压力控制的多维模糊控制数学模型,设计了适合该模型的控制算法,并在实际工程中予以实现。实践表明该控制方法具有较好的鲁棒性和较好的控制效果,并具有一定的推广价值。     

粗轧控制系统的设计与应用

结合生产实际,对粗轧控制系统进行综合设计。介绍粗轧控制系统的结构,以及粗轧核心APC控制、粗轧RAWC控制和带铜SSC控制的控制思想并给出相应控制算法。     

Generic model control — A case study

This paper outlines the use of a process model directly in a control algorithm. The process considered, a forced circulation single-stage evaporator, is a nonlinear interacting process. The control strategy employing a process model derived from fundamental mass and energy balances is shown to outperform single loop and predictive control strategies by a significant amount. The control structure is first presented in general form and then specifically applied to this process.     

Two-degree-of-freedom output feedback controllers for discrete-time nonlinear systems

A discrete-time, model-based output feedback control structure for nonlinear processes is developed in the present work. The structure makes use of a closed-loop observer, while at the same time it guarantees that the overall feedback controller possesses integral action. An algebraic transformation is applied on the observer states to insure that the input/output gain of the observer matches the model upon which the static state feedback control law is based. The resulting control algorithm is a two-degree-of-freedom control law, in the sense that the output and the set point are processed in different ways. The control structure is shown not only to have the same properties as the standard model-state feedback structure, but also that it emerges from a model algorithmic control framework. Finally, a simulation example using an exothermic CSTR operating at an open-loop unstable steady state is used to evaluate the closed-loop performance of the proposed method.     

大时滞过程中的智能复合控制方法及应用

针对复杂工业过程中通常存在的大时滞现象,本文介绍了几种智能复合控制方法,并对其应用进行举例说明。