本科有机化学相关课程设置与教学新探索

有机化学是一门重要的理论与实践相结合的基础课程,其在化学领域的教学和科研方面都占有举足轻重的地位。本文在前期教学研究的相关基础上,对目前本科有机化学相关的课程设置和教学内容进行分析和总结,并从科学运用有机化学小知识培养学生学习兴趣、注重培养学生学习能力和解决问题能力、在实验中激发学生探索精神等层面对有机化学的教学进行新的探索。     

基于“应用型创新人才”培养的有机化学教学改革

"有机化学"是化学及相关专业的重要专业基础课,是一门理论与实践相结合的课程,也是学生学好专业核心课和选修课的基石。有机化学课程的学习,对学生的实践能力、创新意识的培养尤其重要。为适应我校"应用型创新人才"的培养模式,并满足化学化工专业人才培养过程对有机化学知识体系的需求,针对有机化学学科的特点,及教学中存在的问题,结合自己的教学经验,对有机化学进行了相应的教学改革,以期提高应用型人才的能力与素质。     

工科有机化学的教学方法与手段浅谈

对有机化学的教学方法及教学手段进行了探讨。认为在教学方法上要从日常生活入手,培养学生的学习兴趣;重视有机化学的研究方法,培养学生的有机化学思维,获得持续学习有机化学的能力;要结合社会热点对学生进行德育教育。在教学手段上则采用传统教学、多媒体和模型相结合的方式。     

有机化学实验教学的几点体会

有机化学实验是检验学生对有机化学理论知识的掌握程度,是学生进一步深入学习有机化学知识的一项基本技能。培养学生对有机化学实验的学习兴趣,提高学生实验中的操作技能,培养学生实事求是的科学态度和创新意识是教学的重要任务,而教师在培养过程中如何有效地向学生传授知识更是重中之中。为了提高教学质量,本文从教学方法及重要性上介绍了作者在有机化学实验教学中的一些体会和实践。     

有机化学教学过程中学生存在问题的分析研究

通过对我校能源化学工程专业学生在有机化学课程学习过程中的调查,整理概括了学生在化学基础知识,有机化学反应,有机化学与生产实践的联系,有机化合物结构与性质的关系,有机化合物空间结构及知识点总结方面的问题,并对这些问题进行了分析研究。该研究不仅有利于掌握新时期学生的动向,了解学生在有机化学学习中的问题,还可以调动学生学习有机化学的积极性,提高有机化学的教学质量,为今后有机化学及其相关课程提供丰富的实践教学经验。     

环境科学专业有机化学的教学探讨

有机化学是环境科学专业学生的专业基础课,通过学习有机化学的相关知识和理论,培养学生在将来的学习和工作中运用这些知识和理论来解决实际问题的能力。但是由于学时少,因此为保证教学质量,本文在有机化学教学实践中对教学内容、方法和手段的改革进行探讨和研究。     

高校有机化学课程思政探索

有机化学是高校化学及相关专业重要的基础课程,在有机化学教学中实施课程思政,是适应立德树人的教育理念,旨在将知识传授、能力培养和价值引领相结合,引导学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观,为社会培养德才兼备的专业型人才。本文深挖有机化学课程所蕴含的思政元素,充分调动学生在学习中的主体意识,对有机化学课程思政育人目标、思政内容、思政方法以及考核方式进行了探索。     

有机化学实验课程教改实践及成效

有机化学实验是化学各专业重要基础课程之一,根据该课程的特点及学生学习情况,通过对有机化学实验课程的教学模式及考核评价等进行改革与探索,以提高实验课堂效果,加强学生动手能力的训练,充分利用实验室资源,培养学生自主学习、绿色环保的意识;培养学生的科研意识及科研品质;培养学生的组织能力、创新能力和综合素质。最后对存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了合理的改进措施。     

二本院校《有机化学》教学的困境和应对策略

针对当前有机化学教学中存在的课时压缩,学生基础差、学生学习兴趣不够及教师教法陈旧落后的现象,构建了以编撰、整合和凝练有机化学教材、改革教师课堂教学模式、培养学生学习有机化学兴趣和加强教师自身职业的策略。目的是为了提高地方院校的教学质量,为地方培养更多的具有创新能力的合格人才。     

师范院校《有机化学》教学中化学史的渗透

有机化学是师范院校化学专业的一门重要基础课,在师范院校化学专业教学中具有重要的地位。针对有机化学学科的特点,在机化学课堂教学中,通过引入与课程内容相关的化学史,不仅可以激发学生的学习兴趣,拓宽知识面,加深学生对所学理论知识的理解与掌握,而且有助于培养学生的科学素养和综合素质。化学史在有机化学课堂教学中的作用是不可忽视的。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。