生态混凝土护坡在水源保护区生态修复工程中的应用

生态混凝土护坡工程技术是一种新型的绿色生态型护坡技术,实现了水土保持、生态修复、水质净化等功能的完美统一。生态混凝土护坡具有良好的透水性、透气性及生态功能,可使水源保护区的生态环境得到修复,保障原水水质。     

多孔生态混凝土性能试验研究

多孔生态混凝土物理力学性能受配合比因素影响,为找出对应影响规律,本文制备不同水胶比、不同目标孔隙率的多孔生态混凝土,测试其物理力学性能.利用制备的多孔混凝土,设计试种试验,从6组草种中筛选出适宜多孔生态混凝土建植使用的草种.结果证明,多孔生态混凝土早期强度低,目标孔隙率越高,密实程度越低的多孔生态混凝土,成型后抗压强度越低,且其强度受水胶比影响更小.水胶比越高,制备的多孔生态混凝土实测孔隙率越高.试验所用草种中除狗牙根、紫羊茅与细弱剪股颖三种草种不适应多孔生态混凝土生长环境,其他草种均表现出良好适应性,其中,高羊茅最适宜作为多孔生态混凝土建植草种.     

论生态混凝土在城市面源污染控制中的应用

近些年,伴随中国经济的平稳增长,城镇化历程持续增快,然而也让人们的生活环境日趋严峻,比如水资源被污染、能源过量开采等,环境问题是目前最受人们关注的问题,应当得到有关机构的重视。为了加强城市污染控制,相关环保部门应该引进各种生态方法,并结合先进技术,采用综合治理的原则,保障城市环境。城市面源建设包括路面和绿地建设,采用传统的建筑材料会带来生态污染问题,生态混凝土是一种具有特殊结构和表面特性的新的结构,是结合生物、物理、化学等各方面原理起到生物作用的环保型材料,目前广泛应用于城市面源建设中,并已经取得了良好的生态效果。本文从生态混凝土的基本特性出发,阐述了采用生态混凝土进行城市面源建设的主要机理,随后分析了当前我国城市面源建设运用生态混凝土的现状以及存在的问题,最后介绍了相关技术的发展前景。本文的研究不仅能够促进城市面源建设,还能保障生态环境的优越性,给人们营造一个优美的生存环境,因此,本文的研究具有重要的实际意义和参考价值。     

改良植生型生态混凝土性能研究

由于我国城镇化的迅猛发展,大量的生活污水以及工业废水在未经处理的情况下不断地排入城市河道,使城市水生态环境遭到严重破坏。传统的生态混凝土无法满足河流调治的需要。为了改善水生态环境,防止水土流失,开发新的生态混凝土护坡技术以适应日益恶化的水环境尤为重要。本研究在传统生态混凝土技术的基础上,成功了开发出三种改良植生型生态混凝土:TC(传统植生型生态混凝土)、RFC(10%赤泥20%粉煤和70%水泥)、RFC-A(在RFC的基础上额外添加5%的活性炭颗粒)和RFC-A-P(在RFC-A的基础上,将10%的粗骨料用浮石替代)。在养护完成后,测试了这三种改良的植物生长生态混凝土的结构性能,并验证了其种植能力。结果表明,它们可以满足城市河流和湖泊的护坡能力。     

Pb2+、Zn2+在水泥混凝土中的浸出性讨论

以工业废料、废渣、下水道污泥等废物为原料制造的生态水泥,Pb2 、Zn2 是其中所含的主要微量重金属元素。通过模拟德国的水槽试验法对水泥混凝土中Pb2 、Zn2 的浸出情况进行测试。测试结果表明,Pb2 、Zn2 可以很好地固化在混凝土中,不会对环境造成二次污染。     

绿色高性能混凝土材料的研究

传统的混凝土材料不论是从生产环节还是应用阶段,都会对生态环境造成或多或少的破坏,而绿色高性能混凝土材料的研发和使用可以很好地规避这种环境破坏风险,通过科学有效的措施,将绿色高性能混凝土材料和建筑工程紧密结合,可以大幅度减少建筑行业生产施工对于环境的污染,是符合可持续发展战略要求的一项举措。本文探讨了发展绿色材料的重要作用,探讨了高性能混凝土材料及绿色混凝土的特性。     

石膏矿渣水泥混凝土抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能研究

石膏矿渣水泥具有低水化热、良好抗化学侵蚀性能等优点,是一种低碳绿色胶凝材料。为了明确原材料对石膏矿渣水泥混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响,对比研究了不同化学组成及活性矿粉制备的石膏矿渣水泥混凝土的强度发展及抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能。结果表明:提高矿粉中Al₂O₃含量可以有效提高石膏矿渣水泥混凝土早期3 d强度;石膏矿渣水泥混凝土在硫酸钠环境下表现出强度软化型劣化;提高水泥用量、降低水灰比可以有效提高低活性矿粉制备的石膏矿渣水泥混凝土的抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能,但不利于高活性矿粉制备的石膏矿渣水泥混凝土的抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能。研究为低活性矿粉制备石膏矿渣水泥混凝土及其寿命预测提供试验数据支撑。     

日本生态水泥的性能、应用与发展

2001年4月,日本一家生态水泥的生产厂家开始运转,该水泥的生产与运用表明,生态水泥的使用性能和普通水泥一样。2002年7月,日本工业标准（JIS）在R5214中确定了生态水泥的标准。日本经济产业省旨在实现资源循环型社会,作为考虑地球环境的工业产品标准,而推进“日本环保工业标准”实施。生态水泥是日本工业标准制定的第一项日本环保水泥工业标准。2003年12月,预搅拌混凝土日本工业标准（A5308）修订,2004年3月,混凝土预制产品日本工业标准（A5364）修订,这些标准均适用于生态水泥。由于这些标准的修订,使生态水泥可以广泛地应用于各种领域。     

混凝土在硫酸盐侵蚀及冻融环境下的耐久性试验研究

通过在室内模拟冻融及硫酸盐综合作用的环境,考查混凝土在这两种环境下耐久性的变化,提出了与普遍认为两种环境会加速混凝土劣化的不同观点。通过对试验结果的宏观对比和微观分析,找出在此两种环境下混凝土结构耐久性的变化规律。     

生态混凝土植生与抗冲刷性能研究

通过设计生态混凝土植生试验以及包含3种坡面状况、4种边坡坡度、3种降雨强度的冲刷试验对生态混凝土的植生性能及其与植物结合后的抗冲刷性能展开研究。植生试验结果表明：植生20天时，生态混凝土组植株最高为22.5 cm,植物斑化指数为95.37%,植物覆盖率为102.6%,生态混凝土组与素土组的植物茎叶生长状况相差不大，但素土组植物根系普遍更长；植生40天时，两组根系分布范围接近。冲刷试验结果表明：素土边坡与生态混凝土覆土边坡的土体流失量在特定条件下会随降雨累积量的增加产生激增，而生态混凝土植生边坡的土体流失量在各条件下均未激增；相同冲刷条件下抗冲刷性能为生态混凝土植生边坡>生态混凝土覆土边坡>素土边坡。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。