关于加强环境监测质量管理的思考

近年来环境监测工作取得了很大进步,特别是监测技术手段有了显著提升,但在质量管理方面,还存在诸多问题,影响了环境监测工作质量。质量管理是环境监测工作的有效保障,如何加强环境监测质量管理成为重要研究课题。本文简单分析了环境监测质量管理中存在的问题,并探讨了加强环境监测质量管理的相关对策。     

环境监测实验室质量控制措施分析

在环境保护工作中,环境监测工作有着非常重要的作用.本文对现阶段环境监测中质量控制的意义以及环境监测实验室质量控制的现状进行分析,结合实际需求制定合理的措施,强化环境监测实验室的质量控制.     

环境监测实验室质量控制措施及保障机制研究

随着国家对生态环境保护力度的不断加强,环境监测工作任务也越来越重,对环境监测工作的要求也不断提高,在环境监测工作中也出现了监测数据不准确,甚至监测数据造假等问题.为提高环境监测质量,提出从完善环境监测质量控制措施和环境监测质量保障机制两个层面,从样品采集规范化、运输和保存标准化、强化仪器的管理与维护、加强分析过程质量控...     

强化环境监测质量控制管理工作的探析

在环境保护与治理工作中,环境监测质量控制管理是非常重要的组成部分。然而,从当前我国相关环境机构的实际工作情况来看,环境监测质量控制管理的工作质量与效率都比较低,直接影响了环境保护与治理工作的进一步发展。主要针对如何强化环境监测质量控制管理工作进行了探析。     

探讨环境监测实验室分析过程中的质量控制要点

环境监测实验室在日常运行的过程中,要想提高实验数据的准确性,就应当加强对实验室分析过程的管理,不断提高实验室分析与测量的质量。在这个过程中,实验室工作人员除了要保障相关设备仪器的稳定性与可靠性外,还应当加强对大数据技术的应用,建立完善的工作标准与监管机制,为环境监测实验室分析工作的高效率、高质量开展提供有力支持,确保环境监测工作能够得到更加可靠、准确的数据支持,充分发挥环境监测工作中实验室的价值。对此,本文主要分析了环境监测实验室运行期间提高分析工作质量的重要性,探讨了影响实验室分析质量的问题以及分析过程中的质量控制要点,最后对做好环境监测实验室分析过程中质量控制工作的措施进行了研究。     

环境监测质量管理的问题及对策

环境监测质量管理是环境监测信息的代表性和准确性的重要保障。本文对环境监测工作中质量管理存在的问题进行论述，并结合实际工作经验提出相应的对策。     

加强环境监测质量管理工作的若干思考

环境监测质量管理主要是通过一定手段对环境监测的全过程进行管理,是环境监测工作中非常重要的一部分,是保证监测结果公平公正的重要途径。主要对环境监测工作的管理现状和加强环境监测质量管理工作的措施进行了阐述,以供参考。     

环境监测全过程质量管理的优化策略探讨

环境监测工作作为环境保护的重要基础,对社会可持续发展有着重要的作用和意义,基于对环境监测全过程质量管理,对环境监测全过程质量管理的概念进行描述,分析了现存问题,提出全过程质量管理中质量控制技术优化策略,旨在促进环境监测水平的提升。     

加强环境监测质量管理工作的若干思考

环境是我们赖以生存的家园,但是近年来环境问题日益突出,环境监测工作越来越重要,环境监测质量管理工作是环境监测工作的重要组成部分。当前环境监测工作取得了较大进步,但是环境监测质量管理工作却未受到重视,一定程度上影响了环境监测工作的顺利开展。通过对环境监测管理工作的现状及存在的问题进行分析,并提出了一些解决措施。     

浅析环境监测过程中的质量管理

从实验室外部和实验室内部两个角度对环境监测分析全过程中质量控制进行分析。探讨了环境监测过程中存在的质量管理问题并分析其出现的原因,对实际工作中质量控制经常出现的问题提出相应对策和措施,建立了健全环境监测质量管理体系,为环境保护和政府决策提供准确了可靠真实的环境监测数据和信息。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。