无机化学“三段式 六环节主体学习”教学模式实践研究

转变教学理念和教学方式,提高课堂教学的效率和质量,是当前教学改革的重要课题之一。基于"发现学习"和"建构主义学习"等学习理论,在无机化学教学中构建了以学生为主体,教师为主导,自学为主线,探究为特征,提高学生能力为目标的"三段式六环节主体学习"课堂教学模式,并进行了教学实践。     

对研究生课程《高等无机化学》教学模式重构的研究

《高等无机化学》是化学化工专业研究生培养体系中重要的一门专业课程,旨在提高研究生运用无机化学基本原理综合分析问题的能力,为未来科研工作夯实理论基础。就《高等无机化学》课堂教学及考核过程实施策略进行了重构,以改变传统僵硬的"填鸭式"教学模式,以灵活多样的教学模式和考核方法,提高学生课堂的参与度和学习主体意识,以达到适应社会各项要求的优秀人才的培养目标。     

大学无机化学“翻转课堂”教学模式的设计

随着教育理论研究与教育实践探索的发展,"翻转课堂"成为教学模式改革的热点。这种教学模式激发学生的学习兴趣,调动了学习主动性,使学生成为教学主体,有利于培养学生自学能力和合作精神。本文将"翻转课堂"教学模式引入大学《无机化学》课程中,对所面临的问题进行深入分析,包括"翻转课堂"前期相关课程资料的准备、课程中教学方法的设计、以及解决"翻转课堂"教学模式过程中遇到的困难。     

翻转课堂教学模式在无机化学课程中的探索

为推动无机化学课程教学的改革,通过在雨课堂与学习通网络课程平台构建教学资源,将翻转课堂的教学模式引入到无机化学教学活动中,实现了课前准备、课中实施以及课后拓展等教学环节的有机结合,延伸了教学的时空与内容的扩充。问卷调查也证明,翻转课堂的实施极大提高了学生自主学习的能力,激发学习热情,培养团队协作及交流意识,实现了以学生为主体,教师为主导的深度学习目的。     

无机化学-混合式教学法探讨

中国教育正处于深化改革阶段,高校无机化学课程的教学设计以及教学模式都需要进一步的完善与创新,以此提高学生的学习能力。针对目前《无机化学》课程在实际教学过程中存在的问题,从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、教学模式、理论成绩考核和评价方式等方面对本课程进行深入的探讨,构建符合新时代发展需求的教学策略,以学生为中心,在良性互动中做到教学相长,提高了学生学习的主动性和创新能力,促进知识充分吸收内化。     

多维教学模式在无机化学教学中的构建与应用

以强化学生学习主动性、提升学生自主学习能力和创新能力为教学目标,针对教学内容的特点,设计多层次的无机化学理论课和实践课的教学内容,构建了以线上线下结合教学模式为主体、互动式教学为特色的无机化学多维教学模式,并探索了与多维教学模式相适应的学业评价模式。初步实践表明,以学生为主体的多维教学模式受到了同学们的普遍欢迎,提高了教学效果。     

混合式教学在有机化学实验课程中的实践与探索

在教育信息化发展的背景下,结合线上教学平台和资源,有机化学实验教学采用"课前准备-课中实施-课后反思与提升"三段式教学模式,实施线上线下混合式教学,体现了以学生为主体、教师为主导的教学理念。以"1-溴丁烷的制备"为例,阐述了混合式教学在有机化学实验教学中的具体应用,既能激发学生学习的主动性和积极性,又为实验的教与学注入了活力,提高了教学质量和学习效率。     

交互式教学模式的构建及在制药工业环保人才培养中的实践研究

交互式教学模式基于现代教育理论,针对大学生的个性特点和学生活动特征而开发的一种新型教学方式。提倡教学过程中教师和学生角色重构,实现教师"教的主体"向学生"学的主体"过渡和转变。通过教师设置情境、学生参与体验,形成师生共同参与、相互依存和相互作用的良好氛围,培养了学生自主学习、合作学习的能力。让每一位学生既能体验学习的乐趣,又能得到能力的培养。交互式教学模式包含了课前阶段与课中阶段,其中课中阶段采用"总-分-总"的策略,包括教师导学、学生讨论和总结点评三个环节。交互式教学模式已在制药工程环保人才培养方案的若干课程中实施,取得了良好的教学效果,受到升学、用人单位的好评。     

《材料科学基础》课程的案例互动引导式教学模式探索

在大学教学过程中,教师如何能够将知识点行之有效地传递给学生至关重要,尤其是对于像《材料科学基础》这类材料学相关专业的主干课程。本论文通过介绍应用情景导向的案例互动式教学,将重要的知识点学习融入到案例教学过程中,从而带动起学生主动学习的意识,并在实施过程中加强训练了学生们的文献检索能力、互助合作意识、分析问题和解决问题的能力。针对案例互动教学模式中的课堂主体教学环节、课外自学环节和全过程评价环节三个主要环节,展开教学改革模式讨论,并在学生前期预习效果评价、课堂互动情况评价、案例小组互助学习成果评价、学生对教学方式的反馈情况四个层面上,分析案例互动式教学的实施效果,为教学模式的革新提供了新的思路。     

PBL教学法在《无机化学》电化学教学中的应用实践

PBL是一种以问题为导向、学生为主体、适应现在教学发展要求并流行于国际的一种教学模式。本文主要介绍PBL在《无机化学》课程中电化学知识学习中的实施。通过教师提出问题、学生查找资料、分组讨论、小组汇报总结的步骤,进行PBL教学方法的实施。通过应用该方法能充分调动学生学习的积极性和主动性,培养了学生的自主学习能力,团队合作意识,对学生整个学习过程产生积极影响,促进学生地全面发展。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。