月桂酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠的合成

以亚硫酸氢钠、环氧氯丙烷、磷酸钠和月挂酸为原料合成7月桂酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠,研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、反应物摩尔比等对反应的影响,确定了合成目标产物的最佳方案为:亚硫酸氢钠与环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为1.15:1,环氧氟丙烷滴加到亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,85℃下滴加2 h,反应1.5 h,合成中间产物3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠;3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠加入到磷酸钠溶液中,55℃下反应4 h,合成中间产物2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠;2,3-环氧丙磺酸钠溶液滴加到月桂酸中,90℃下滴加0.5 h,反应2.5 h,合成月桂酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠,此时产率达85.2%,通过红外光谱时产物进行了表征.     

新型磺基甜菜碱型双子表面活性剂的合成

以壬基酚和多聚甲醛为原料在草酸催化下经缩和反应合成甲基偶联双壬基酚;甲基偶联双壬基酚再与环氧氯丙烷反应合成缩水甘油醚;产物再与二甲胺反应生成甲基偶联双壬基酚叔胺;用3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠与之反应合成了双壬基酚磺基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂,并对其表面性能和乳化性能进行测试,结果表明其性能优良。     

棕榈酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯的合成及性能研究

本文以棕榈酸为主要原料,经磺化、皂化、酯化合成了棕榈酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯,对最佳工艺条件进行了考察,确定了中间产物3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠的最佳合成条件为:环氧氯丙烷与亚硫酸氢钠物质的量比为0.87∶1,反应温度85℃,反应时间3.5 h,产物的转化率为80.4%;棕榈酸钠的最佳合成条件为:棕榈酸与氢氧化钠物质的量比为1∶1,反应温度85℃,反应时间4.5 h,产物的转化率为83%;目的产物棕榈酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯的最佳合成条件为:3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠与棕榈酸钠物质的量比为1.1∶1,反应温度65℃,反应时间6.5 h,产物的转化率为86.82%。经红外光谱分析,确定产物为目的产物,通过测定其溶液的表面张力、乳化性等,表明该产物具有优良的表面活性和较好的乳化性、起泡性等。     

芥酸酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱的合成及性能研究

以芥酸和N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺为原料经缩合反应生成芥酸酰胺丙基二甲基胺,再与亚硫酸氢钠和环氧氯丙烷反应生成的3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠进行季铵化反应,合成出芥酸酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱。研究了合成的优化工艺条件,用红外光谱法对产品进行表征,并对其性能进行了评价。结果表明,缩合反应的优化工艺条件为:n(芥酸)∶n(N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺)=1∶1.1,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为10 h,催化剂用量为1.5%,此条件下产率为82.7%;季铵化反应的优化工艺条件为:n(芥酸酰胺丙基二甲基胺)∶n(3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠)=1∶1.1,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为8 h,此条件下产率为88.1%。产物溶液的cmc为1.78×10-5mol·L-1,30℃时γcmc为40.1 mN·m-1,60℃时γcmc为30.6 mN·m-1;对Ca2+的容忍度达8 g·L-1;质量分数为2%时溶液表观黏度可达204 mPa·s。     

糖苷基季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及表面性能研究

以葡萄糖和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料合成中间体3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷,在Na OH碱性条件下与十二/十四烷基二甲基叔胺反应合成糖苷基季铵盐,通过单因素试验确定了最佳工艺。对于糖苷化反应∶n(葡萄糖)∶n(3-氯-1,2-丙二醇)=1∶4,反应时间5 h,反应温度95℃;对于季铵化工艺:n(3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷)∶n(十二/十四烷基二甲基叔胺)=1.3∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间4 h。通过傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱表征产物结构,测定最终产物的表面性能,能得到活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.68×10-3mol/L,最低表面张力(γCMC)为27.6 m N/m。     

椰油酰胺羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(CASB)的合成及泡沫性能研究

椰油酰胺羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(CASB)具有水溶性强、抗硬水、发泡力强、温争和易生物降解等优点,可用于泡沫驱油和日化用品等行业,具有较高的开发价值和广阔的应用前景.研究了CASB的合成较优条件和其泡沫性能.结果表明,n(椰油酰胺丙二胺): n(3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠)=1:1.3,反应时间5 h和反应温度100℃下,叔胺...     

2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠的合成

采用新方法合成了2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠。先由环氧氯丙烷和亚硫酸氢钠合成中间体3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠，然后中间体再与丙烯醇在氢氧化钠催化下生成目标产物2-羟基-3-烯丙氧基丙磺酸钠。2步反应总收率在70％左右，中间体和产物分别进行了光谱表征。     

脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸盐的合成与性能研究

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-5)和3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠为主要反应原料,合成了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸钠(AESO-5)。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料摩尔比对产率的影响,并对其理化性能进行了测试。结果表明:在3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠与醇醚钠摩尔比为1∶1.5,反应温度为84℃,反应时间为6 h的条件下,目的产物收率最高为62.97%。产物的表面张力和临界胶束浓度分别为31.06 m N/m和2.2×10-4mol/L。产物与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)相比,耐温抗盐性较好。     

油酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯的合成

以亚硫酸氢钠、环氧氯丙烷、磷酸钠和油酸等为原料,合成了油酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯,探索了反应温度、催化剂、反应时间、反应物物质的量比等因素对合成的影响,得到了适宜的反应条件：环氧氯丙烷滴加到亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,反应时间3．5h,反应温度85℃,合成3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠;3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠加入磷酸钠溶液中,反应温度55℃,反应时间4．0h,合成环氧丙磺酸钠;环氧丙磺酸钠溶液滴加到90℃的油酸溶液中,反应时间3．0h,合成油酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠,产率为85．2％。对产品进行了红外光谱表征,产品显示了较好的表面活性。     

肉豆蔻酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯的合成

以亚硫酸氢钠、环氧氯丙烷、磷酸钠和肉豆蔻酸等为原料,合成了肉豆蔻酸-2-羟基-3-磺酸钠丙酯,探索了反应温度、催化剂、反应时间、反应物物质的量比等因素对合成的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:①合成3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠:环氧氯丙烷滴加到亚硫酸氢钠溶液中,反应时间3.5 h,反应温度85℃,②合成环氧丙磺酸钠:3-氯-2-羟基丙磺酸钠加入磷酸钠溶液中,反应温度55℃,反应时间4.0 h;③合成肉豆蔻酸-2-羟基-3-丙磺酸钠:环氧丙磺酸钠溶液滴加到90℃的肉豆蔻酸溶液中,反应时间3.0 h,产率为85.2%。对产品进行了红外光谱表征,产品显示了较好的表面活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。