应用型人才背景下地方院校物理化学实验教学的探讨

物理化学实验是一门重要的专业基础实验,是学生基本素质和创新创业,科学素养培养的重要教学环节。目前,我院物理化学实验课程在教学及考核方面存在着问题与不足。为了适应新形势下应用型人才的培养需要,本文以我院学生为研究对象,从实验内容、教学资源、考核体系及地方特色等方面对物理化学实验课程的优化提出意见。以适应目前应用型人才培养模式。     

物理化学实验教学环节经验总结

物理化学实验是综合性及难度较高的一门基础实验课程。如何有效提高该课程的教学效果,是国内外物理化学实验教师长期关注的焦点。多总结多交流是有效提高物理化学实验教学质量的基础途径之一。经过长期教学实践积累,从实验预习、实验过程、实验报告、实验室规则等教学环节中总结出教学经验。在总结中不断完善物理化学实验教学体系,切实提高实验教学质量。     

环境专业物理化学实验课程教学改革与实践

文章针对环境专业物理化学实验课程的教学特点及教学现状,从优化实验内容、改进教学方法、增加设计实验、加强数据处理、开展第二课堂等环节入手,进行了物理化学实验教学改革实践与探索,以利于培养学生独立创新和解决实际问题的能力,从而提高物理化学实验教学质量。     

药学类专业物理化学实验课程线上线下混合式教学模式的探索与实践

物理化学实验是物理化学课程体系中理论与实践结合的重要教学环节，是药学类专业学生的必修课程。为改善传统实验教学的局限性、提高教学质量，将线上线下混合式教学模式应用于物理化学实验教学中，激发学生的学习兴趣，提升实验教学效果，有利于一流课程建设背景下综合型、创新型人才的培养。     

地方院校物理化学实验课程的优化

物理化学实验是我院开设的一门重要的专业基础实验,在物理化学教学中占有举足轻重的作用。物理化学实验课程的教学存在着一些根深蒂固的问题与不足,严重影响教学质量和学生能力的提高。本文从实验内容的优化、教学资源的优化、考核体系的优化及教师教学方法的优化等方面对物理化学实验课程的优化提出建设性的意见。优化后的实验课程激发了学生学习的主动性,显著提高了学生的综合素质和教师的教学效果。     

化工专业《物理化学》课程教学探索与实践

"物理化学"是理工类相关学科的重要基础课程。本文介绍了教学过程中高校物理化学课程教学的心得、体会和物理化学课程教学环节中的一些具体做法。教学实践表明:将多种教学方法、手段和教学内容有机地结合,才能取得较好的教学效果,授课过程中要注意培养学生的逻辑思维与创新能力,重视实验教学,提高动手能力,才能培养出高素质的新型复合人才。     

“3+1+2”新高考模式弃物理化学背景下大学基础实验课程改革探索与实践

新高考改革模式下,弃物理化学组合的考生比例增加,对理工类院校的基础物理、化学实验课程产生了影响。面对新高考模式下大学基础实验课程与中学物理、化学课程衔接的问题,调整传统的物理、化学实验课的教学内容和教学方法,增强实验过程中的师生互动,在教学环节增加思政内容是提高物理、化学实验课程教学质量的重要方法。通过走访中学教学一线,了解目前高中理科、文科对高中物理、化学的教学深度,根据学情分析结果,制定符合理工类专业基础实验课的授课方案。     

物理化学实验课程信息化资源建设探索

本文分析了传统物理化学实验课程教学中面对的问题和挑战,分析了建设物理化学实验课程信息化资源的必要性。介绍了我校物理化学实验课程信息化资源建设情况,主要包括物理化学实验课程信息化资源的内容、来源和利用形式。     

网络辅助物理化学实验教学探索

网络辅助教学是基于网络技术和多媒体,与专业课程相结合的一种现代化教学方式,物理化学实验是化学、应用化学,以及药学、环境科学、生物、轻化工程等近化学专业的一门重要的基础课程。建立物理化学实验课程网站,利用网络技术,探讨了网络辅助物理化学实验的教学效果。     

物理化学实验课程建设的思考与探索

针对传统物理化学实验教学与新形势下培养创新型人才要求的不相适应,结合当前物理化学实验课程的授课现状,提出从物理化学实验设备的更新、新型物理化学实验项目的开设、新型实验教学教学手段的应用、自主型物理化学实验的探索等方面构建新型物理化学实验课程,并进行了初步探索与尝试,为后续课程建设奠定了基础。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。