非制冷色散式成像光谱仪辐射传递模型

根据接收信号信噪比,研究了基于非制冷微测辐射热计阵列构造色散式成像光谱仪的可行性.综合考虑目标红外辐射特性、大气传输透过率、仪器接收孔径、色散式光谱仪辐射传递特性、红外阵列探测器参数、数据链传输等环节,建立了完善的色散式长波红外成像光谱仪辐射能量传递模型.选用典型地物红外发射率数据,非制冷微测辐射热计红外焦平面阵列参数,利用低分辨率大气辐射传输计算软件LOWTRAN生成大气红外透过率曲线,依据传递模型,计算了以非制冷微测辐射热计阵列为探测器的色散式长波红外成像光谱仪可达到的光谱分辨率,验证了依据非制冷红外探测器构建小型红外成像光谱遥感器的潜力.     

卫星高光谱红外大气探测的正演模拟研究

利用精确的红外大气辐射传输计算模型KCARTA,模拟计算了光谱分辨率、通道光谱响应函数、光谱定标精度、大气倾斜路径和表面发射率对高光谱观测亮温的影响.正演计算的结果表明：1）提高光谱分辨率明显增加了可探测的大气亮温;2）各种内、外部因素的变化对高光谱仪器将产生远较低光谱仪器更大的观测亮温差.本研究可为我国高光谱大气探测仪器的设计以及高光谱大气探测反演算法研究的开展提供科学的参考依据.     

FY-3E/HIRAS-II发射前热真空定标试验非线性校正

红外高光谱大气探测仪II型（HIRAS-II）是一台傅里叶变换光谱仪,搭载于世界首颗民用晨昏轨道气象卫星FY-3E上,其研制过程在FY-3D/HIRAS-I产品基础上,重点提升了探测器灵敏度、光谱和辐射定标精度等方面。仪器发射前进行了全面的热真空定标试验,其中非线性订正作为辐射定标过程的重要环节,对辐射定标精度具有重要影响。针对HIRAS-II长波和中波1红外探测器产生的非线性效应,通过缩放带内光谱对原始数据作非线性订正,采用最小化不同温度点复原光谱各波数点的响应度分布和最小化变温黑体定标偏差分布两种方法推导非线性系数。对比辐射定标数据作非线性订正前后的光谱亮温偏差,结果表明,经过非线性订正后的辐射定标精度得到了明显提升。     

AOTF的高光谱成像光谱仪的辐射定标技术

基于声光可调谐滤波器(AOTF)的高光谱成像光谱仪不同于传统的成像光谱仪,它利用声光调制的分光原理,在像面上得到空间信息和任意一个波段的光谱信息.但由于其分光原理和分光器件自身性能的特殊性,辐射定标的方法尚不成熟,辐射定标技术的精度和长期稳定性不能满足遥感应用的更高要求.结合AOTF高光谱成像光谱仪自身的性能和对辐射定标的要求,提出了基于探测器的定标方法和改进的数据处理算法,并对辐射定标的精度进行了分析.实验结果表明:定标后的成像光谱仪能够真实地反映地物目标的信息,有效地提高了成像光谱仪的信息定量化水平.     

成像光谱仪光谱定标

成像光谱仪是谱像合一的新型光学遥感器.成像光谱仪的光谱定标是辐射定标的基础,准确的光谱定标是获得地物正确光谱信息的必要条件.介绍了成像光谱仪光谱定标的原理和几种光谱定标方法,并对国内成像光谱仪光谱定标技术进行了展望.     

短波红外成像光谱仪性能检测与定标装置

描述了短波红外成像光谱仪研制中所涉及的系统总体性能检测与定标装置。短波红外成像光谱仪是一台基于棱镜-光栅-棱镜(PGP)组合分光的、推帚式成像的航空成像光谱仪,其探测波段为1000～2500nm,视场角为24°。短波红外成像光谱仪的系统总体性能检测贯穿于仪器研制的全过程中,包括对仪器关键器件的测试,仪器的空间分辨率、视场角及内方位元素等总体指标的测试;短波红外成像光谱仪的定标包括实验室及外场的光谱及辐射定标,它们是仪器研制成功及深入应用的重要保证。最后,介绍了仪器在实验室成像及航空实验成像状况。     

Hadamard变换成像光谱仪实验室辐射定标方法

Hadamard变换成像光谱仪采用多通道探测数字变换技术实现光谱成像。主要介绍了基于数字微镜阵列器件的Hadamard变换成像光谱仪的工作原理与仪器结构,研究设计了一套适用于该Hadamard变换成像光谱仪的实验室辐射定标方案。用远距点光源光路进行CMOS探测器像元响应不均匀性修正,获得相对定标精度达到4.6%;采用太阳模拟光源和均匀平行光路,用光谱辐射度计实现标准辐射亮度的传递进行光谱辐射定标,绝对定标精度达到8.92%。通过实物成像,Hadamard变换成像光谱仪的实验室辐射定标方法精确、实用。     

大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪地面数据评价软件设计

大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪通过探测地球大气或地表反射、散射的紫外/可见光,利用差分吸收光谱技术来反演大气中痕量气体的分布和变化。在地面对大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪完成实验室定标以验证其性能和可靠性,为大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪的数据处理提供支持。为快速处理光谱仪定标数据,研制了相关的光谱辐射定标软件。定标软件基于C++语言,在Windows平台上开发,实现数据定标和多维度展示定标数据。 其中光谱定标采用多项式拟合算法,光谱分辨率采用Gauss拟合算法。辐射定标包括绝对辐射定标和相对辐射定标,绝对辐射定标求取辐射定标非稳定性和非线性, 相对辐射定标求取相对辐射校正系数和不确定度。结果表明软件运行良好,能够完成大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪地面光谱定标、辐射定标数据的处理。     

地基大气背景红外光谱辐射特性测量

用傅里叶变换红外光谱辐射计(FTIR)在地面测量了较高分辨率(1 cm-1)下的大气向下背景光谱辐射,获得了长波红外5~14μm波段的大气背景辐射光谱。研究了大气背景红外光谱辐射与整层大气透过率的关系。从实验数据中研究了不同波段大气背景辐射随观测天顶角的变化。结果表明:地基大气向下的长波背景辐射亮温随着整层大气透过率的增大而减小;大气背景辐射随观测天顶角增大而增大;在大气窗口区,大气背景辐射随观测天顶角变化较快,在强吸收波段,大气背景辐射随观测天顶角几乎不变化。     

不同视场地基红外成像设备定标方法及时机分析

目标红外辐射特性可用于目标特征识别，如何有效获取目标红外辐射特性，对目标预警、侦察及隐身效果评估等意义重大。针对当前外场实装地基红外成像设备定标参数获取难题，对近距离扩展面源定标法、平行光管定标法、远距离扩展面源定标法等3种方法进行了分析，采用上述3种方法对不同视场外场红外成像设备进行了定标实验研究，获得了不同方法下响应参数。针对远距离扩展面源定标法定标结果随距离变化情况，设计了不同调焦状态和工作时长下制冷热像仪定标实验。实验结果显示红外成像设备的离焦状态、工作时长对制冷型红外成像设备响应参数影响较小。外场定标误差主要来源于环境杂散辐射、大气透过率及路径辐射计算。外场条件下应采用近距离直接扩展点源定标方法对地基红外成像设备不同航次择机定标；同时扩展面源定标法定标距离一般不超过10 m，响应参数误差此时相对近距离定标约5%左右。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks