不同电极材料的短电弧铣削加工效率研究

短电弧铣削加工是一种新型的放电加工,它进一步提高了放电加工效率。论述了短电弧加工材料去除机制、去离子原则和热现象,分析了余热对材料去除率(MRR)的影响。研究了短电弧铣削加工效率的主要指标——MRR,在不同工具、工件电极的材料组合下,分析峰值电流、脉冲时间、脉冲间隔、进给速度、气压等工艺因素对MRR的影响规律。实验表明:不同电极材料组合的MRR存在差异;在大多数放电条件下,石墨电极和45碳钢工件获得较高的MRR,而紫铜电极和镍基高温合金GH4169工件获得较低的MRR。     

不同工具电极材料对短电弧铣削加工GH4169的影响研究

在短电弧铣削过程中,电极材料直接影响工件表面质量、电极损耗及尺寸精度等。选取石墨、紫铜、碳钢、铝4种工具电极材料,在同一电参数下,通过实验分析4种电极材料对镍基高温合金GH4169工件的影响规律,包括表面宏观质量、极间电压-电流波形、电极放电性能、表面形貌、化学成分、显微硬度等,结果发现石墨电极材料更适合短电弧铣削加工。     

数控高效放电铣削加工技术

介绍了我国完全自主原创的数控高效放电铣削加工技术的基本原理.其采用简单超长圆电极,在电极与工件之间施加高效脉冲电源,通过数控系统控制电极与工件的相对运动并对电极损耗进行在线检测和补偿,以类似数控铣的方式加工特殊材料制作的零件复杂形面,实现对特殊难加工材料的高效、低成本加工.并介绍了该加工方法的技术特点、关键技术、设备及应用情况.     

单晶硅电火花铣削电极损耗研究

提出了一种以电火花加工技术对半导体硅材料进行铣削加工的方法,分别进行了单晶硅和45钢的电火花铣削加工,发现铣削单晶硅的电极体积相对损耗仅为0.41%,而45钢达到9.22%.针对此现象,从蚀除机理、放电间隙以及放电电流的爬坡特性方面对单晶硅放电加工特性进行了研究,并解释了其电极损耗低的原因.最后研究了不同加工规准下,单晶硅电火花铣削加工电极相对损耗的工艺规律.     

复杂流道构件组合放电加工技术研究

复杂流道构件的高效、高精度加工是液体火箭发动机的核心制造技术之一,随着发动机涡轮泵功率及涡轮效率的不断提升,涡轮泵复杂流道构件的加工去除量大幅增加,同时对加工精度的要求也越来越严格。故提出了高速放电铣削粗加工与多轴联动电火花成形精密加工复合的加工工艺,通过对复杂流道构件的高速放电铣削加工电极损耗补偿和多轴联动电火花成形加工轨迹规划等技术的研究,实现了复杂流道构件的高效、高精度放电加工。     

短电弧铣削加工中电弧特性实验研究

为减少短电弧铣削加工中火花放电及短路现象,保证电弧放电状态稳定,通过离子放电通道扩张规律、能量守恒定律推导电弧放电的伏安变化规律,将电弧放电波形分为3个特征阶段,作为电弧放电状态的判断依据,并通过放电波形验证理论的准确性。同时结合电弧断弧机制,建立机械断弧的几何模型,计算单脉冲电弧的持续时间,分析了电极转速对放电的影响;通过实验获取不同电弧持续时间下的微观形貌及电压电流波形,结果表明:电弧持续时间维持在0.5 ms时,加工质量较好,电弧放电稳定性高。研究结果为保证电弧加工过程中放电稳定性提供理论基础。     

电火花铣削加工工艺与算法研究

介绍了电火花铣削加工工艺及其有关计算方法。在大量实验的基础上,研究了微细电火花分层铣削加工,采用电极底面放电方式、电极轨迹规划、电极的损耗及补偿策略和合理选择分层厚度及电极微进给量等关键技术,提高了加工精度和效率。     

电火花诱导可控烧蚀铣削深度对电极损耗影响的仿真研究

电火花诱导可控烧蚀铣削加工具有加工效率高、相对电极损耗低等优点。采用Fluent软件对不同铣削深度条件下,氧气流场在放电间隙中的分布状况及其对相对电极损耗率的影响进行了模拟仿真。结果表明：在放电间隙由水平转向竖直方向后,氧气流会在靠近工件的区域形成高速流动区,而在靠近电极的区域形成低速流动区,从而使相对电极损耗率降低,且该现象会随着铣削深度的增加呈先增强、后减弱的规律。该结果为实际加工中选择铣削深度提供了理论依据,并通过实验验证了该模拟结果的正确性。     

电火花放电微细电极振动的测量与研究

利用电火花铣削进行大深度、大体积的三维型腔加工,需预留足够的电极长度以对损耗的电极进行补偿。在电极直径较小的情况下,较大长度的电极会使电极刚度降低,放电产生的作用力等因素的影响将无法忽略,直接导致电极末端位置误差增大,影响加工精度。围绕电极放电力对微细电极振动的影响,进行了测量及研究。采用显微镜和高速相机的组合观测微细空心电极在单脉冲放电作用下的振动情况,以获得其振幅大小;在实验基础上分析峰值电流和脉宽参数组合的变化对电极振幅的影响。     

SiC_p/Al高速电弧放电加工研究

研究了高速电弧放电加工铝基碳化硅增强复合材料(Si Cp/Al)的性能。通过对体积分数为20%的碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料进行加工实验得出:在峰值电流500 A、脉冲宽度10 ms时,材料去除率超过8200 mm3/min,电极损耗率约为2%。此外,研究了加工极性对工件表面质量的影响,得出电极负极性、大电流可用于大余量材料去除,电极正极性、小电流可用于小余量表面修整的结论。最后,采用高速电弧放电加工实现了碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的钻孔、铣削和切割等加工工艺。     

W-Cu电极材料的短电弧铣削加工性能试验研究

为掌握短电弧铣削加工工艺规律,应尽可能控制其加工效果,实现高效率、低损耗的目的,基于系统的工艺试验研究,选择W-Cu、石墨作为工具电极,开展不同电极材料对工作介质注入、蚀除物抛出、电能利用率影响规律的短电弧铣削工艺试验,获取各工艺参数对MRR、TWR、表面形貌和金相组织等评价指标的影响规律,并进一步解释其规律成因,发挥短电弧高效加工硬质合金的优势。     

超声振动辅助气中放电加工实验分析

超声振动辅助气中放电加工技术避免了常用的煤油等工作液作为介质带来的环境污染问题，具有工作环境清洁、适用范围广、加工效率高、工具电极简单等优点。实验研究了电压、脉冲宽度、峰值电流、超声振幅及气体介质压力等参数对加工效率、工件表面粗糙度及电极损耗的影响．并对试验结果进行了分析。     

工艺参数对电火花电弧高效复合加工性能的影响研究

电火花电弧复合加工解决了电火花加工效率低的问题,与电火花加工相比,其加工效率提高了数倍,针对某些材料,其加工效率甚至超过了传统机械加工,但也存在自动化程度低、电极损耗严重等缺陷。利用电火花电弧复合加工技术进行了大量实验,并以此为基础,分析了不同加工参数下的工件性能,得到在不同峰值电流、脉宽、电极主轴转速等参数下的工件加工效率、表面粗糙度及相对电极损耗率的变化规律,以期得出针对不同加工目的的最优工作参数。     

内外冲液组合式的短电弧铣削加工间隙流场仿真

为进一步改善短电弧铣削加工间隙排屑情况,采用内外冲液组合式,通过Fluent对其进行仿真分析,得到了流场压力、速度和蚀除颗粒分布规律。分析不同冲液方式、冲液压力和电极转速对极间间隙流场特性的影响规律,并进行单因素试验。以MRR、TWR为评价指标,找出短电弧铣削加工性能的最佳参数。     

钛合金与镍基高温合金薄片振动辅助电火花加工工艺参数优化研究

在航空发动机叶片的电解加工过程中,由于存在加工间隙,导致加工后的叶片边缘存在尺寸与形状误差。采用电火花加工并辅以振动对叶片边缘进行粗、精加工修整,考虑到电火花加工参数与工件材料加工特性存在不确定性,通过正交试验探究了粗加工的峰值电流、脉冲宽度、振幅和振动频率对材料去除率、工具电极相对体积损耗率的影响。采用横截面尺寸为29 mm×0.5 mm的钛合金和镍基高温合金薄板作为工件进行长度2 mm的切断实验,通过极差分析法和方差分析法获得加工最优参数,并得出镍基高温合金、钛合金材料去除率最高分别达12.99、13.13 mm3/min,为后续利用成形电极对叶片边缘进行精密修整提供可参考的有效电加工参数。     

A Study on Process Parameters of Ultrasonic Assisted Micro EDM Based on Taguchi Method

Experimental investigation of ultrasonic assisted micro electro discharge machining was performed by introducing ultrasonic vibration to workpiece. The Taguchi experimental design has been applied to investigate the optimal combinations of process parameters to maximize the material removal rate and minimize the tool wear. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was determined to know the level of importance of the machining parameters. Based on ANOVA, ultrasonic vibration at 60% of the peak power with capacitance of 3300 PF was found to be significant for best MRR. The machining time plays a significant role in the tool wear. The results were confirmed experimentally at 95% confidence interval.     

A comparative experimental study of machining characteristics in vibratory, rotary and vibro-rotary electro-discharge machining

This paper compares the effects of high- and low-frequency forced axial vibration of the electrode, rotation of the electrode, and combinations of these methods in respect of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate and surface roughness in die sinking electro-discharge machining (EDM) with a flat electrode (planing mode).

The results of the combined states of rotation and vibration at high and low frequency (vibro-rotary EDM) are compared in order to establish which combinations are most appropriate to different machining regimes (finishing, semi-finishing and roughing). It is found that the combination of high-frequency vibration and rotation of the electrode is effective in attaining a high MRR at a specified surface roughness (R_a). This case is modelled by stepwise linear regression. The significant parameters are found by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the optimum machining parameter settings are obtained using overlay contour plots. The advantages of vibration and rotation are seen to combine in this new process when employed for die sinking EDM with a flat electrode.     

Experimental investigation and empirical modeling of the dry electric discharge machining process

Dry electric discharge machining (EDM) is an environment-friendly modification of the oil EDM process in which liquid dielectric is replaced by a gaseous medium. In the current work, parametric analysis of the process has been performed with tubular copper tool electrode and mild steel workpiece. Experiments have been conducted using air as the dielectric medium to study the effect of gap voltage, discharge current, pulse-on time, duty factor, air pressure and spindle speed on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (R_a) and tool wear rate (TWR). First, a set of exploratory experiments has been performed to identify the optimum tool design and to select input parameters and their levels for later stage experiments. Empirical models for MRR, R_a and TWR have then been developed by performing a designed experiment based on the central composite design of experiments. Response surface analysis has been done using the developed models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to identify the significant parameters. Current, duty factor, air pressure and spindle speed were found to have significant effects on MRR and R_a. However, TWR was found to be very small and independent of the input parameters.     

Compound machining of titanium alloy by super high speed EDM milling and arc machining

A novel compound machining of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) by super high speed electrical discharge machining (EDM) milling and arc machining was proposed in this paper. The power supply consisted of a pulse generator and a DC power source which were isolated from each other. A rotating pipe graphite electrode was connected to the negative pole of the power supply. The plasma channel was able to deionize, and maximum material removal rate (MRR) reached 21,494 mm³/min with a relative electrode wear ratio (REWR) of 1.7% because of high current and efficient flushing. Compared with traditional EDM, the compound machining achieved a significantly higher MRR but a similar REWR. To investigate the characteristics of the compound machining, the effects of electrode polarity, peak voltage, peak current, and flushing pressure on the performance of the process, including its MRR, REWR, and radius of overcut (ROC), were determined. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness analysis were conducted. Result shows that the proposed method can machine difficult-to-machine materials efficiently.