硬件损伤条件下的中继网络性能分析

物理层的损伤会造成系统性能的降低.主要分析基于机会中继选择策略下的中继网络.机会中继选择策略是中继节点的选择依靠所有信道的即时信息,选择其中最大的进行传输.得到了系统端到端中断概率的准确表达式以及遍历容量的近似表达式.公式的给出提供了快速计算具有硬件损伤的系统性能的方法.重点讨论了具有硬件损伤的中继系统和理想硬件系统的性能对比.给出了仿真的结果和必要的讨论来证明理论分析的正确性.     

Outage Probability and Average Channel Capacity of Amplify-and-Forward in Conventional Cooperative Communication Networks over Rayleigh Fading Channels

Performance of conventional cooperative communication networks using amplify-and-forward relay over independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels is investigated in this paper. An expression for probability density function by using moment generating function is obtained. Further closed-form expressions of the outage probability and the average channel capacity are derived. The derived analytical results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations to confirm correctness of the derived expressions.     

Capacity Analysis of Opportunistic Cooperative Networks under Adaptive Transmission over Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this paper, opportunistic cooperative amplify-and-forward networks in conjunction with three different adaptive policies, namely optimal simultaneous power and rate adaptation (OPRA), constant power with optimal rate adaptation (OPA) and truncated channel inversion with fixed rate (TIFR), are investigated and compared in terms of Rayleigh channel capacity where the source adapts its rate and/or power level according to channel conditions while the best relay simply amplifies and then forwards the received signals. Furthermore, the effect of diversity combining on the network is studied by investigating two cases of maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC) equipped at the destination. To this end, the mathematically tractable form of the upper and lower bound of the end-to-end effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is provided and then used to derive the closed-form expression of the Shannon capacity. Our results are verified through comparison with Monte Carlo simulations in some representative scenarios where we also illustrate that, among them, for an arbitrary number of cooperative relays, OPRA slightly outperforms ORA, which, in turn, outperforms TIFR.     

Probability of SNR Gain by Dual-Hop Relaying over Single-Hop Transmission in SISO Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this letter, we address the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain achievable by dual-hop relaying over the single-hop transmission in single-input single-output (SISO) flat Rayleigh fading channels. We deal with both nonregenerative and regenerative relaying schemes. To quantify the SNR gain, a closed-form expression of the probability of SNR gain is developed. The probability of SNR gain results in an explicit function of an average power ratio of the per-hop channel in dual-hop relaying to the channel in the single-hop transmission. We investigate impacts of the average power ratio as well as the relaying location on the SNR gain.     

Outage Probability Analysis of Dual-Hop Decode-and-Forward Relaying Over Mixed Rayleigh and Generalized Gamma Fading Channels

In this letter, outage probability of dual-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme is analyzed over mixed Rayleigh and generalized Gamma fading channels. Cooperation model considered in this work consists of a source, a relay and a destination. It is assumed that source-relay and relay-destination channels experience Rayleigh fading and generalized Gamma fading, respectively. Exact outage probability expression is derived and outage performance is illustrated for both direct transmission and DF relaying scheme.     

Nakagami-m信道下全双工解码转发中继中断概率分析

研究存在残余自干扰（residual self-interference, RSI）条件下全双工解码转发中继的中断概率性能。在Nakagami-m信道下,推导了多跳解码转发（multi-hop decode-and-forward,MH-DF）策略和选择解码转发（selected decode-and-forward,SDF）策略的端到端中断概率闭合表达式和渐近表达式,分析了两种策略的可达分集度。结果显示,MH-DF策略的可达分集度为0,SDF策略的可达分集度由信道成型因子和中继功率伸缩方案决定。相比于MH-DF策略,SDF策略具有更优的中断概率性能和抗自干扰能力。      

Outage Performance of Dual-Hop AF Relay Channels with Co-Channel Interferences over Rayleigh Fading

This paper studies the outage performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) relay fading channel in an interference-limited environment. The relay and destination nodes are corrupted by multiple co-channel Rayleigh interferences. New exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability for channel-state-information (CSI)—assisted relay, in which gain is dependent on previous hop CSI and interference, are derived. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the obtained theoretical results. For the cases where the number of interferers at the relay and the destination node is equal, we derive novel expressions for outage probability upper and lower bounds.     

Outage Probability and Ergodic Capacity Analysis for Two-Way Relaying System with Different Relay Selection Protocols

The outage probability and ergodic capacity analysis for decode-and-forward two-way relaying system is investigated in this paper. First, the exact expressions (or bounds) of outage probability, ergodic capacity and average bidirectional ergodic capacity (ABEC) for max–min relay selection, random relay selection and direct transmission protocols are derived through theoretic analysis, and performance comparisons among different relay selection protocols are developed. Then a novel maximum average bidirectional mutual information (MABM) relay selection protocol is proposed and analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the derived analytical results fit well with Monte-Carlo simulations. The proposed MABM protocol can always achieve larger ABEC than other protocols while keeping low outage probability, and the MABM and max–min protocols in this paper can always achieve better performance than the max–min selection and max-sum selection in Krikidis (IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(9):4620–4628, 2010). In addition, outage probability, ergodic capacity and ABEC performance of the proposed protocol become worse while distance becomes larger.     

Outage Capacity of MIMO Poisson Fading Channels

The information outage probability of a shot-noise limited direct detection multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) optical channel subject to block fading is considered. Information is transmitted over this channel by modulating the intensity of a number of optical signals, one corresponding to each transmit aperture, and individual photon arrivals are observed at multiple receive photodetector apertures. The transmitted signals undergo multiplicative fading. The fading occurs in coherence intervals of fixed duration in each of which the channel fade matrix remains constant, and changes across successive such intervals in an independent and identically distributed fashion. The transmitter and the receiver are assumed to be provided with perfect channel state information (CSI). An optimization formulation for the outage probability problem is outlined and an exact characterization of the optimal average conditional duty cycles is provided.      

物理层网络编码机会中继及中断性能分析

该文研究了频率非选择性瑞利衰落信道中的物理层网络编码系统容量问题。基于放大转发机制提出了一种基于最大最小互信息准则的机会中继策略。在瑞利衰落信道环境下,从双向通信的角度,通过理论分析得出其中断概率解析式,同时推导了理想物理层网络编码和传统直接传输系统的中断概率解析式。通过理论分析,发现在某些节点发射功率条件下,系统中断概率将完全取决于单向链路。在此基础上完成了数值仿真实验,结果表明所提策略的中断性能与理想物理层网络编码和传统直接传输相比有了显著的提高。     

Nakagami 信道下一种改进的DAF模型中断概率的研究

This paper proposes a modified decode and forward (DAF) protocol with a three node model, which contains two users and one destination. Each user can be either the source or the relay in different frames. We analyze the four cooperative cases in the first frame and run simulations to obtain the optimal power allocation coefficients in the second frame. The closed form expression of outage probability is derived over Nakagami m fading channels. Furthermore, we show that the proposed model has better performance than the non cooperation system and traditional DAF strategy based on the derived outage probability.     

On the Capacity of Secondary Networks Over Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this paper the effect of the opportunistic spectrum access on the spectrum utilization is studied in terms of the secondary network capacity measured at the secondary receiver. A mathematical model is developed to represent the secondary network capacity in Rayleigh fading channel. An exact analytical solution for the capacity is derived for both sensing and accessing fading channels. A numerical evaluation of the channel capacity is presented for different channel sensing and accessing schemes. The effects of detection and accessing channel parameters on the capacity are investigated. The analytical results that are validated by substantial simulations showed how the utilization of the network can be increased significantly by the suggested opportunistic spectrum accessing technique. It was found that when having a good sensing system with a high secondary user signal to noise ratio, accessing the licensed band increases and drives the spectrum utilization to its maximum. In addition, this work shows how the capacity can be positively affected by three factors: the secondary accessing channel, the primary user interference and the desired quality of service (QoS) of primary user. The awareness of a proper sensing scheme can maximize the spectrum utilization without degrading the QoS of primary users.     

Outage Capacity of Spatially Correlated Multipath Fading Channels

In this paper, we study the effect of the scattering environment on the capacity of a single carrier linear modulation used in a multipath, multiple antenna channel. The work incorporates detailed 3D geometric channel models to assess the effect of spatial correlation. The analysis techniques, based on the pioneering work of Hirt and Massey (1988), provide a method to evaluate outage capacity. Channels that are derivatives of the ETSI standard hilly terrain and typical urban are considered in detail. The results quantify the loss of capacity produced by higher spatial correlation. When comparing signals of different bandwidth, wideband systems produce more diversity due to better temporal resolution. Surprisingly, narrowband systems gain some diversity back by being less susceptible to loss of diversity from spatial correlation     

Outage Probability of Opportunistic Amplify‐and‐Forward Relaying in Nakagami‐m Fading Channels

We address the outage performance for the opportunistic amplify‐and‐forward relaying strategies under Nakagami‐m fading channels. A closed‐form expression for the outage probability is derived. Simulation results verify our theoretical solutions.     

Scaled Selection Combining for Adaptive Decode-and-Forward Relaying in Dissimilar Rayleigh Fading Channels

This paper enhances the conventional scaled selection combiner (SSC) for decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks using adaptive M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) to improve the spectral efficiency. Compared with the conventional SSC designed for the combining of identically distributed diversity branches using the same modulation level, the improved SSC allows all diversity branches to choose different modulation levels according to the dissimilar channel conditions. Different scale factors are used for all diversity branches to reflect not only the performance degradation caused by possible erroneous relaying but also different error-resistance abilities of different levels QAM. We derive the bit-error-rate (BER) expressions for DF relay networks using SSC in a recursive way, with all channels conforming to independently and non-identically distributed (i.ni.d.) Rayleigh fading. Newton’s method is employed to obtain the numerical solutions of the optimal scale factors minimizing the BER, and the approximations of the optimal scale factors are derived in closed form for high SNRs. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the improved SSC can effectively combine diversity branches with different modulation levels, and for a DF cooperative network with N relay nodes, SSC achieves the full diversity gain of N+1 if for each branch its source-to-relay SNR is proportional to the (N+1)th power of its relay-to-destination SNR.     

Cooperative Dual-Hop Relaying Systems with Beamforming over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

In this paper, we investigate the end-to-end performance of dual-hop relaying systems with beamforming over Nakagami-m fading channels. Our analysis considers semiblind (fixed-gain) relays with single antennas, and source and destination nodes equipped with multiple antennas. Closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP), moment generating function (MGF), and generalized moments of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. The proposed expressions apply to general operating scenarios with distinct Nakagamim fading parameters and average SNRs between the hops. The influence of the power imbalance, fading parameters, and antenna configurations on the overall system performance are analyzed and discussed through representative numerical examples. Furthermore, the exactness of our formulations is validated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.     

Optimizing the Power Allocation for Rayleigh Block-Fading Channels with Outage Capacity Constraints

This letter studies the power distribution over K blocks of coded information to support a certain rate in Rayleigh- fading channels given the causal channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). For K = 2, we shall show that since the channel in the future is random, the optimal power policy tends to pour all the power for the first block, which disables the time diversity. By introducing outage capacity as a constraint, time-diversity can be unleashed by stochastically distributing the power among the blocks. For K = 2, we derive the stochastic- optimal power allocation in closed-form for the transmit power minimization problem subject to an outage capacity constraint. For K > 2, we propose to minimize the power by constraining the upper bound of the outage probability, and in so doing, the problem is convex which permits to derive the optimal power policy. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed power policy exploiting CSIT gives significant power reduction when compared to an equal-power policy.     

混合衰落信道下存在反馈时延的多天线中继性能分析

研究了混合Rayleigh-Rician衰落信道下,存在反馈时延的多天线双跳放大转发（AF）中继系统的性能.首先,基于反馈时延波束成形（BF）模型得到混合衰落信道下中继系统的输出等效信噪比（SNR）.然后,利用无穷级数展开推导出输出信噪比中断概率（OP）和概率密度函数（PDF）的解析表达式,并进一步得到中继系统遍历容量和平均误符号率（ASER）的理论计算公式.最后,计算机仿真验证了所提出的性能分析方法的正确性,并定量分析了天线数量、反馈时延和信道参数对系统性能的影响.