氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷断裂行为研究

用X射线衍射方法测定了氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷的残余应力,并通过计算加以验证。在莫来石含量比较小的情况下,氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷基体拉应力与莫来石体积含量成线性关系。通过模型分析了氧化铝基体和莫来石颗粒的应力状态及其对裂纹扩展的影响。由莫来石颗粒引入的基体拉应力使裂纹倾向于向晶内扩展。观察了氧化铝/莫来石复合陶瓷断裂方式的转变,计算了穿晶断裂比率与基体应力的关系,进而建立了莫来石含量、基体应力、穿晶断裂比率三者的对应关系。这为复合陶瓷材料的制备和性能分析提供了可靠基础。     

微珠陶瓷材料的摩擦磨损性能

由高温摩擦磨损试验研究了复合莫来石(22.6%硅酸锆,75%莫来石,2.4%碳酸钙,质量分数)、硅酸锆和氧化铝3种陶瓷微珠材料在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并对其磨损机理进行了分析.结果表明:3种材料的磨损均随着负荷的增加而加剧;在同等载荷下,水润滑条件相对于干摩擦,复合莫来石和硅酸锆的磨损都有所降低,氧化铝磨损反而加剧.在低载荷下,微珠磨损机理主要是塑性变形和微裂纹,在较高载荷下,主要磨损机理是脆性剥落和磨粒磨损.     

莫来石-氧化铝涂层增强氧化铝陶瓷基板制备及热导率/介电常数

莫来石-氧化铝涂层可以显著提高氧化铝陶瓷基板的表面硬度和耐磨性，从而更好地保护基板表面。此外，该涂层还可以改善氧化铝陶瓷基板的耐高温性能，提高其在高温环境下的应用场景。本次研究中，相关工作人员详细探究莫来石-氧化铝涂层增强氧化铝陶瓷基板的制备方式，并利用测试确定其热导率以及介电常数，通过这种方式，以期为增强氧化铝陶瓷基板的物理、机械以及化学性能提供技术支持。     

莫来石对Y-TZP陶瓷摩擦磨损性能的影响

用环-块摩擦磨损试验机在室温下研究了莫来石弥散钇稳定四方氧化锆多晶陶瓷(mullite dispersed yttria stabillized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal,MDZ)与高铬铸铁(high chromium cast iron,HCCI)摩擦副在2％(质量分数)SiO2磨粒的5％NaOH溶液中的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：载荷在100-500N范围内,含15％(质量分数,下同)莫来石的15 MDZ复合陶瓷的耐磨性明显优于20 MDZ(含有20％莫来石)。载荷500N下,虽然3Y-TZP(yttria stabillized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal,含3％摩尔分数氧化钇)中弥散15％莫来石后力学性能下降,但耐磨性提高。柱状莫来石对耐磨性的主要贡献是：具有承载作用;阻碍裂纹扩展;折断的柱状莫来石的“滚针轴承”作用减轻磨擦副之间的摩擦磨损。MDZ复合陶瓷的主要磨损机制为微观犁削和柱状莫来石晶粒脱落。     

添加聚醚醚酮对Al_2O_3陶瓷组织及性能的影响（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

为改善氧化铝陶瓷的耐磨性和耐蚀性,用喷雾造粒的方法将PEEK(聚醚醚酮)加入到由亚微米氧化铝粉末制备的团聚粉中,制备了Al_2O_3陶瓷基复合涂层材料。用扫描电子显微镜分析了复合材料的组织结构,测试了复合陶瓷涂层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,并与纯氧化铝的性能进行对比。结果表明:添加PEEK的Al_2O_3复合陶瓷涂层在磨损试验中的摩擦系数低于Al_2O_3陶瓷,摩擦磨损更稳定,耐磨性更高,在20和30 N载荷下,复合涂层的平均摩擦因数分别为0.593 0和0.589 6,降低了15.8%和15.6%,平均磨损量分别降低了15.7%和17.6%;相对于Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层,复合陶瓷涂层的自腐蚀电位提高15.3%,电流密度降低47.5%,耐腐蚀性提高。     

添加聚醚醚酮对Al_2O_3陶瓷组织及性能的影响（英文）

为改善氧化铝陶瓷的耐磨性和耐蚀性,用喷雾造粒的方法将PEEK(聚醚醚酮)加入到由亚微米氧化铝粉末制备的团聚粉中,制备了Al_2O_3陶瓷基复合涂层材料。用扫描电子显微镜分析了复合材料的组织结构,测试了复合陶瓷涂层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,并与纯氧化铝的性能进行对比。结果表明:添加PEEK的Al_2O_3复合陶瓷涂层在磨损试验中的摩擦系数低于Al_2O_3陶瓷,摩擦磨损更稳定,耐磨性更高,在20和30 N载荷下,复合涂层的平均摩擦因数分别为0.593 0和0.589 6,降低了15.8%和15.6%,平均磨损量分别降低了15.7%和17.6%;相对于Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层,复合陶瓷涂层的自腐蚀电位提高15.3%,电流密度降低47.5%,耐腐蚀性提高。     

Mullite–Si_3N_4/SiC复相陶瓷的制备及性能

采用无压烧结工艺制备Mullite–Si_3N_4/Si C(M–SBSN)复相陶瓷,分析了Si C含量、烧结助剂和莫来石添加量对Si_3N_4/Si C(SBSN)陶瓷材料力学性能、耐磨性能和热学性能的影响。结果表明:莫来石的引入显著提高了SBSN陶瓷的烧结特性、抗弯强度、耐磨性和抗热震性,在相对较低的烧成温度(1 600℃)制备了低密度、高耐磨性的M–SBSN复相陶瓷。当莫来石添加量为30%时,样品的耐磨性能最好,磨损量与Al2O3和ZrO_2材料相比降低了80%~85%,而密度只有Al2O3的76%和ZrO_2的48%。摩擦磨损试验后,M–SBSN复相陶瓷材料与Al2O3、ZrO_2材料相比具有更浅的划痕和损伤度,与摩擦磨损试验结果相一致。     

人工关节滑液条件下细晶氧化铝陶瓷摩擦磨损性能

用放电等离子烧结技术制备了2种不同晶粒尺寸(平均晶粒尺寸为0.6μm的细晶氧化铝和2.0μm的粗晶氧化铝)的氧化铝陶瓷。通过往复摩擦磨损实验研究了2种氧化铝陶瓷在人工关节滑液环境下的摩擦学性能和磨损机制。结果表明：相同的摩擦压力和时间条件下(60 N,30 min),细晶粒和粗晶粒氧化铝陶瓷的平均摩擦系数分别为0.245和0.250,细晶粒氧化铝陶瓷耐磨性能优于粗晶粒氧化铝陶瓷,磨损量(20×10–3 mm3)仅为粗晶粒样品的1/2;2种氧化铝陶瓷磨损机制均为摩擦初期的微裂纹控制的晶粒拔出、脆性断裂及后期的塑性变形机制。     

干摩擦及水润滑下氧化锆-氧化铝层状复合陶瓷的摩擦学行为

研究了氧化锆氧化铝三层结构层状复合陶瓷在干摩擦和水润滑下的摩擦学性能和磨损机制，并比较了氧化锆-氧化铝单层陶瓷在相同条件下的摩擦学性能。结果表明：相同条件下，层状陶瓷的摩擦系数和磨损率均低于单层陶瓷，根本原因在于层状陶瓷表面的压应力导致的韧性提高和磨损表面剪切应力的降低。水润滑可以有效地降低复合陶瓷的摩擦磨损，主要原因是由于水引起主导磨损机制发生变化，由干摩擦时的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损转变为摩擦化学磨损和疲劳磨损。     

Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷拉丝模材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用热压法制备出Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷材料,该材料具有良好的综合力学性能,抗弯强度为850MPa,断裂韧性为4.9MPa·mi/2.由高速环块磨损试验机对其摩擦磨损行为及其磨损机理作了试验研究.用扫描电镜观察了磨损表面形貌.结果表明Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷拉丝模材料磨损率随试验转速升高而下降,但压力变化对磨损率的影响不大.Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷拉丝模材料磨损机理主要是脆性脱落和犁沟,具有良好的耐磨性.是制备拉丝模的优良材料.     

Wear behavior and microstructure of alumina-mullite-zirconia composites prepared by a novel method: Coating of zircon powder by aluminum alkoxide

The formation of the mullite phase is the main challenge in the preparation of alumina-mullite-zirconia (AMZ) composites. To overcome this limitation, a novel method based on the coating of zircon powder with aluminum alkoxide was proposed in this study. Reaction sintering of alumina and coated zircon was carried out at 1630 °C for 3 h. The microstructural, physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of samples were compared with the conventional AMZ composites prepared by common mixing of alumina and zircon. The microstructural analysis indicated the higher alumina phase of the sample prepared with the conventional method. On contrary, the samples prepared with the proposed method included higher percentages of mullite phase. In terms of mechanical properties, the conventional AMZ samples performed better. However, due to the beneficial effect of the mullite phase in tribological applications, the samples prepared with this new method show superior wear resistance. Especially, the samples prepared from 30 wt% aluminum alkoxide exhibited the best wear resistance. The delamination and adhesive wear mechanisms govern the wear process.     

Alumina/Zirconia Micro/Nanocomposites: A New Material for Biomedical Applications With Superior Sliding Wear Resistance

In the present investigation, the sliding wear behavior is described for Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ micro/nanocomposites and monolithic alumina of similar grain size under defined conditions of a constant sliding speed and different loads (20–150 N). Nano ZrO₂ particles (1.7 vol%) were observed uniformly distributing throughout the composites, and most of them were located within the matrix alumina grains. The wear rate of the alumina and the micro/nanocomposites increased as the contact load increased and a clear transition in friction and wear behavior was observed in both materials. However, the nanocomposite wear resistance at low contact loads was one order of magnitude higher than that of the alumina. In the severe regime, no difference was observed among the materials. The low wear rate (10⁻⁷ mm³·(N·m)⁻¹) along with low pullout indicates higher wear resistance of micro/nanocomposites in the mild regime compared with monolithic alumina. Based on the morphological observation of worn surfaces by scanning electron microscope and on residual stress analysis performed by neutron diffraction, some wear mechanisms of Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ micro/nanocomposites are proposed. The high wear resistance of the nanocomposites is discussed in terms of fracture resistance properties and residual stress. Improvements in mechanical and tribological properties of these composites make them promising candidates for biomedical applications.     

Preparation of mullite by the reaction sintering of kaolinite and alumina

In the present study, mullite specimens and mullite/alumina composites are prepared by reaction sintering kaolinite and alumina at a temperature above 1000°C. The phase and microstructural evolution of the specimens and their mechanical properties are investigated. Primary mullite appears at a temperature around 1200°C. The alumina particles are inert to the formation of primary mullite. Alumina starts to react with the silica in glassy phase to form secondary mullite above 1300°C. The formation of secondary mullite decreases the amount of glassy phase. Furthermore, the addition of alumina reduces the size of mullite grains and their aspect ratio. The strength and toughness of the resulting mullite increase with the increase of alumina content; however, the mechanical properties of the mullite and mullite/alumina composites are lower than those of alumina for their relatively low density.     

Preparation and properties of hierarchical structural alumina/mullite composites

Hierarchical structural alumina/mullite composites constructed by alumina platelets inter-locked porous matrices and mullite whiskers secondary structures had been designed and prepared based on the fluorine-catalyzed gas-phase process. In the composites, mullite whiskers grew on the alumina platelets of the matrices to form cactus-like structures, before that, topaz rods as transitional secondary structures formed at lower temperature. The fluorine-etching effects on secondary structures’ nucleation were discussed. The alumina/mullite composites (1300 °C) had low bulk density (1.10 g/cm³), high porosity (71.4%), and proper compression strength (～14.2 MPa), meanwhile, the average filtration efficiencies of PM2.5 and PM10 during the filtration tests were 78% and 76%, respectively. The introduced mullite whiskers with length of ～1 µm had not induced obvious changes on the structural parameters, hence, the alumina/mullite composites (1300 °C) possessed similar particle filtration performances compared with the alumina porous matrices, and both of the two species materials could be applied for hot gas filtration.     

Preparation of interpenetrating alumina–copper composites

To prepare interpenetrating alumina–copper composites, alumina foams were activated with titanium coating by chemical vapor deposition and then were infiltrated with molten copper by expendable casting process. The microstructure and phase composition of the composites were analyzed, and bending strength, electrical conductivity, friction and wear properties were tested. The results showed that the bonding between ceramic and metal was fine in the composites while no reactions took place between them because of the undissolved titanium coating. With increase of ceramic fraction, the electrical conductivity of the composite decreased, whereas the bending strength increased. The composite failure occurred by ductile fracture of the metal followed by fracture of the ceramic. The wear rate of the composites decreased with increase of ceramic fraction. And the wear of the composites was featured with ceramic struts peeling compared with ploughing and adhering wear for pure copper.     

Aluminum Phosphate–Mullite Composites for High-Temperature Radome Applications

An AlPO₄–SiO₂ powder with a composition of Al:P:Si=1.5:1:0.1 was synthesized by the sol–gel method using aluminum nitrate, phosphate acid, and tetraethoxysilane. The structural evolution of this material was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray diffraction. By adding silica in AlPO₄, the sinterability of the AlPO₄ was enhanced because of the reactions between excess alumina and silica to form mullite. The sintered composites have a high strength and good dielectric properties at 10 GHz. Because of the formation of mullite at high temperatures, the composites showed a hydrophobic property. These unique properties indicate that the sintered AlPO₄–mullite composites are suitable for the radome application.     

Fabrication of Mullite and Mullite-Matrix Composites by Transient Viscous Sintering of Composite Powders

Mullite was fabricated by a process referred to as transient viscous sintering (TVS). Composite particles which consisted of inner cores of α-alumina and outer coatings of amorphous silica were used. Powder compacts prepared with these particles were viscously sintered to almost full density at relatively low temperatures (∼1300°C). Compacts were subsequently converted to dense, fine-grained mullite at higher temperatures (∼1500°C) by reaction between the alumina and silica. The TVS process was also used to fabricate mullite/zirconia/alumina, mullite/silicon carbide particle, and mullite/silicon carbide whisker composites. Densification was enhanced compared with other recent studies of sintering of mullite-based composites. This was attributed to three factors: viscous flow of the amorphous silica coating on the particles, avoidance of mullite formation until higher temperatures, and increased threshold concentration for the development of percolation networks.     

Effect of mullite additions on the fracture mode of alumina

This work analyses the effect of mullite additions on the fracture mode of alumina. Mullite is proposed as an alternative to SiC for the second phase particles because the thermal expansion mismatch between alumina and mullite is of the same sign and order as that between alumina and SiC. Three alumina–5 vol.% mullite composites formed by alumina matrices with similar average grain sizes in the micrometric range (≈1 μm) and second phase sub-micrometric (50–350 nm) and nanometric mullite (<50 nm) particles located at grain boundaries and triple points were prepared. The fracture mode of the alumina matrix changed from predominantly intergranular to predominantly transgranular. This change became more significant as the size of the sub-micrometric fraction of mullite particles decreased.     

Effects of Grain Size and Humidity on Fretting Wear in Fine-Grained Alumina, Al2O3/TiC, and Zirconia

Friction and wear of sintered alumina with grain sizes between 0.4 and 3 μm were measured in comparison with Al₂O₃/TiC composites and with tetragonal ZrO₂(3 mol% Y₂O₃). The dependence on the grain boundary toughness and residual microstresses is investigated, and a hierarchical order of influencing parameters is observed. In air, reduced alumina grain sizes improve the micromechanical stability of the grain boundaries and the hardness, and reduced wear is governed by microplastic deformation, with few pullout events. Humidity and water slightly reduce the friction of all of the investigated ceramics. In water, this effect reduces the wear of coarser alumina microstructures. The wear of aluminas and of the Al₂O₃/TiC composite is similar; it is lower than observed in zirconia, where extended surface cracking occurs at grain sizes as small as 0.3 μm.