炼油污水分质处理工艺技术应用

针对某炼油企业碱渣污水和高浓度污水回用处理难度大、技术不成熟的现状,通过污水分质处理,高浓度污水采用催化氧化-生物滤池(BAF)工艺处理后达标排放,低浓度污水经适度处理达标后回用于循环冷却水系统作为补充水。污水回用率近75%,减少了外排污水量,实现了炼油企业节水减排的目标。     

污水深度处理回用电站中压锅炉的工艺

介绍了已成功实施的炼油、化工和生活混合污水经深度处理后回用到电站中压锅炉的工程工艺。     

西北某炼油厂污水处理工程

西北某炼油厂的炼油污水成分复杂、处理难度大,采用接触氧化-曝气生物滤池-加氯氧化-砂滤-活性炭吸附的工艺对炼油污水进行处理,并在运行过程中针对水质不稳等问题作了工艺整改,实践证明,该工艺处理出水COD<40 mg·l-1,氨氮<10 mg·l-1,可以达到本厂回用的标准需求.     

炼油污水超声深度处理初步研究

利用超声波对炼油污水的深度处理进行了初步研究。采用低频超声波,通过设计正交实验方案,研究了工艺参数对处理效果的影响。结果表明,超声处理对炼油污水COD的降解有明显的效果,在超声功率50 W,通气处理15 m in下,降解率可达58.2%。超声处理炼油污水由于伴随着废水中其他悬浮物和固体颗粒的分解作用,废水中的COD质量分数随处理时间波动。通气和调节酸碱度对于超声处理废水的有机物降解有辅助作用。     

炼油污水臭氧氧化-生物炭深度处理水质回用资源化

设计了臭氧氧化-生物活性炭深度处理装置,对经二级生化处理达标后的炼油污水,再经臭氧-生物炭工艺进行深度处理使水质主要指标达到地表水Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水标准:COD≤13mg·L-1;BOD5≤3.6mg·L-1;石油类≤0.46 mg·L-1;挥发酚≤0.00017 mg·L-1;NH3-N≤0.9 mg·L-1,循回用于工业生产,实现炼油污水资源化,并对臭氧提高有机废水可生化性和生物活性炭的工艺条件进行探讨.     

内循环BAF+水解酸化工艺预处理高浓度炼油污水

采用内循环BAF+水解酸化工艺对高浓度炼油污水进行预处理,研究了二者在炼油污水处理中的性能。研究结果表明,该预处理工艺能有效地降低炼油污水中的有机物浓度,污水经过处理后,出水COD、挥发酚、氨氮平均值分别由进水的3 197、17.7、114 mg/L降低至655、0.47、59.6 mg/L,平均去除率分别达到79.5%、97.3%、47.8%,预处理系统性能良好,效果令人满意。     

深井曝气技术处理炼油废水工程实例

通过对炼油废水水质特性的分析,采用两级隔油+两级气浮+缺氧+深井曝气组合工艺处理该废水。工程实践表明:该组合工艺能有效处理炼油废水,出水水质符合当地污水综合排放标准排入污水处理厂标准,且抗冲击负荷能力强。     

二级气浮+A/O法处理炼油废水

采用隔油-浮选-生化曝气的二级处理工艺处理某炼油废水.实践表明,两级浮选和A/O生化工艺可有效地去除有机物、NH3-N和TN,是目前国内较成熟的炼油废水处理工艺,处理后的污水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>一级标准及<石油炼制工业污水污染物排放标准>中一级一类标准,而且出水水质较稳定.     

高浓度恶臭气体多元旋流吸收工艺的研究

介绍了恶臭气体的常规处理工艺、炼油企业的恶臭气体特点，多元旋流吸收工艺的机理、工艺流程、运行情况和处理效果。多元旋流吸收工艺处理炼油污水罐恶臭气体具有工艺先进、经济高效、安全可靠、操作方便的特点，具有明显的社会、环境效益。     

美国炼油污水处理现状与发展趋势

美国作为全球最大的石油炼制国,对炼油污水的控制和处理对我国石化行业的可持续发展具有重要的参考和借鉴意义。分别从政策和技术角度对美国炼油污水处理现状进行论述,分析了中美炼油污水排放法规和标准间的区别;并依据美国炼厂的污水处理工艺和运行状况,探讨了美国炼油污水处理的特点。最后,根据美国现有政策和技术导向,指出炼厂自排污水低成本回用技术成为美国炼油污水处理的发展方向。     

Effect of caustic refining,solvent refining and steam refining on the deacidification and color of rice bran oil

Degummed rice bran oil was deacidified by caustic, solvent and steam refining processes. The steam refining process was optimized through a series of experiments with varying refining times (1–5 hr), temperatures (220–280 C) and amounts of steam (4–20%), at a pressure of 4 mmHg. The most significant factors affecting the degree of deacidification were the refining temperature and amount of steam. The correlation coefficient between quadratic equation obtained and experimental results was 0.96. Acid value and color of steam refined oil were not as good as those of caustic refined oil, but steam refining showed better retention of natural antioxidants than caustic or solvent refining. Steam refining is preferred for deacidification of rice bran oil because of reduced neutral oil loss and elimination of soap production. The important criteria in selecting a deacidification process are known to be the degree of deacidification, neutral oil loss, effect on bleaching and production of soapstock (2,8–10). In comparing caustic refining, solvent refining and steam refining, caustic refining of degummed rice bran oil resulted in satisfactory acid values and color but showed the worst result in neutral oil loss and produced large amounts of soapstock. Solvent refining was not shown to be efficient because of poor deacidification, high losses of neutral oil and darkening of color. Steam refining also was less effective than caustic refining in deacidification and bleaching. However, the degree of deacidification could be improved by development of a process to remove all the free fatty acids (8), and the color problem could be eliminated by including a preliminary bleaching step before steam distillation (10). The application of steam refining to rice bran oil will result in many advantages such as reduced neutral oil loss, no production of soap, and the production of high purity, industrial fatty acids.     

两种废润滑油回收工艺对油品质量的影响

对糠醛精制和金属钠法精制两种废润滑油回收工艺进行对比实验,通过影响因素温度和剂油比或金属钠/废润滑油量对油品质量的影响进行了分析,得出两种方法回收废润滑油的最佳工艺条件如下。糠醛精制:剂油比1.5、精制温度80℃;金属钠法精制:金属钠/废润滑油量0.01,精制温度130℃。并在各自最佳工艺条件下对废内燃机油进行了回收实验,结果为:在糠醛精制的最佳工艺条件下,回收的废内燃机油的黏度指数为116.1,色度为1.5,凝点为-20℃,残碳为0.494%,收率为86.08%。在金属钠法精制的最佳工艺条件下,回收的废内燃机油的黏度指数为110.3,色度为3.0,凝点为-17℃,残碳为0.591%,收率为90.55%。回收后的油品经添加适当的添加剂调和后可循环使用。     

Acephate,methamidophos and monocrotophos residues in a laboratory‐scale oil refining process

Acephate, methamidophos and monocrotophos are insecticides used in oil palm plantations for the control of bagworms and leaf‐eating caterpillars. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the physical refining process at laboratory scale, which simulated the manufacturing process, could remove the residues of these three insecticides in crude palm oil, in the unlikely event that crude palm oil were contaminated with these organophosphorus insecticides. A series of crude palm oil samples spiked with low (0.1 µg/g) and high (1.0 µg/g) levels of these insecticides were subjected to a laboratory‐scale physical oil refining process. Oil samples drawn at various stages of the refining process, namely, degumming, bleaching and deodorization, were analyzed using an in‐house analytical method. The results obtained from these experiments suggest that the physical refining process is capable of effectively removing residual insecticides from crude palm oil. The final product of crude palm oil refining, the refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil, was found to have no detectable levels of acephate, methamidophos and monocrotophos.     

米糠精制产品的应用

对米糠综合利用的途径进行了详细论述；并总结厂各种米糠精制产品在日用化工、医药工业、食品工业、精细化工领域的具体用途，包括米糠油的浸提技术，米糠油作为营养保健食品的开发利用，米糠油作为油脂化工原材料的深加工；米糠油精炼皂脚中提取游离脂肪酸及脂肪酸衍生物的制备；米糠脱水、脱臭、脱色的小皂化物提取谷甾醇、生育酚、谷维素的方法；米糠脱蜡副产物制备糠蜡和二十烷醇的利用及米糠饼(粕)提取植酸钙、植酸和肌醇的利用途径，最后提出了大力发展我国米糠产业的市场前景。     

国产环保橡胶油的开发及其在胎面胶中的应用

介绍国产环保橡胶油的开发及其在轮胎胎面胶中的应用.以环烷基重质原油为原料,采用加氢-糠醛精制联合工艺A生产的环保橡胶油各项性能指标均与传统糠醛精制工艺产品相当,在全钢载重和半钢轿车子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用性能也相差不大,完全可以满足胎面胶的性能要求.     

依靠技术进步 精细炼油 油化结合 用好石蜡基原油资源

针对大庆及沈北原油性质特点，结合抚顺石化分公司现状，通过技术进步、精细炼油，油化结合，实现大庆及沈北石蜡基原油深加工和最优化利用。介绍了大庆及沈北原油中石脑油、煤油、减压馏分油、减压渣油馏分加工方案，对石蜡、润滑油基础油、表面活性剂及乙烯化工的进一步发展提出设想。     

A comparative study between biorefining combined with other processes and physical refining of high-acid mohua oil

The biorefining process under optimum conditions de-acidified the high-acid mohua oil by nearly 85% with considerable improvement of color. The process, in combination with alkali-refining, bleaching and deodorization, yielded excellent oil with respect to color, unsaponifiable matter content and triglyceride content. The combination of biorefining and physical refining significantly reduced the loss of oil, and the color, unsaponifiable matter and diglyceride content increased while triglyceride content decreased. The physical refining process alone, on the other hand, produced oil with considerably darker color, increased unsaponifiable matter and diglycerides, and decreased triglyceride. Biorefining followed by alkali-refining, bleaching and deodorizing steps or by physical refining can be regarded as a much better alternative refining process than the physical refining process alone for oils of high acidity.     

The purification of edible oils and fats

Originally, oils were not refined but with the introduction of solvent extraction, refining became necessary. Crude cottonseed oil was refined by treating the oil with caustic soda and the same process was used for all other oils that needed refining. The subsequent introduction of centrifugal separators converted the original batch process into a continuous process. Degumming was introduced to obtain lecithin but limited to soya bean oil. Physical refining was introduced for high acidity oils like palm oil after the oil had been degummed to low residual phosphorus levels in the dry degumming process, in which the oil is first of all treated with an acid and then with bleaching earth. In Europe, further degumming processes were developed that allowed seed oil to be physically refined and later phospholipase enzymes were introduced to reduce oil retention by the gums and improve oil yield. Given these various oil purification processes, the refiner must decide which process to use for which oil in which circumstances. The paper provides a survey of what to do and when. It also discusses several topics that require further investigation and development.     

含硫原油加工对加氢裂化装置的影响及对策探讨

通过对加工俄罗斯蜡油的分析,阐述了加工含硫蜡油后给加氢裂化装置操作带来的影响、硫化氢的腐蚀、对产品质量的影响,以及采取的相关措施,并摸索出加工含硫蜡油的应对办法。     

提高柴油安定性的研究进展

论述了影响催化裂化柴油的氧化安定性的因素,介绍了多种非临氢精制方法的原理及最新的工艺技术进展,如酸碱精制、溶剂精制、吸附精制、加稳定剂法、盐精制和生物精制等,对各种精制方法进行了评价,提出FCC柴油非加氢精制的发展趋势是将各种精制工艺进行有机组合,形成新的非加氢精制工艺,以改善柴油的质量。