风化变质白云岩在瓷质地板砖生产中的应用

长期以来 ,河南省林州市某建筑陶瓷厂以生产5 0 0 × 5 0 0 的瓷质地板砖为主。由于该厂缺少大吨位液压压砖机和线性收缩小、助熔能力好的半瘠性原料 ,5 0 0 × 5 0 0 的瓷质地板砖烧成后产品出窑尺寸在 4 91～ 4 96 之间 ,经再加工后成品尺寸为 4 90 × 4 90 和 4 95 × 4 95 。该成品尺寸的瓷质地板砖不为销售商所接受 ,导致产品严重滞销 ,给企业造成严重的经济损失。林州市境内林滤山北支脉沿伸至横水 ,呈众多的断裂层 ,在这些断裂层间燕山期的中酸—酸性岩浆岩侵入奥陶系白云岩中 ,形成富透辉石 ,硅辉石的变质白云岩 ,这些变质…     

一次快速烧成陶瓷墙地砖典型缺陷分析

本文主要论述了一次快速烧成陶瓷墙地砖易产生的主要缺陷，并提出了在生产过程中防止和克服这些缺陷的技术措施。     

典型石油工业含油污泥处理技术及其应用

介绍了含油污泥的来源、成分及危害;着重介绍了目前工程应用的污泥处理技术的原理、工艺流程、工程实例和仅在实验室规模研究的污泥技术的原理;并对各种处理工艺的成本、适用范围、处理时间、脱油效率、优缺点进行了对比;对以后含油污泥在工程上应用提出了建议及意见。     

石油工业含油污泥的无害化处理技术及应用

含油污泥是石油工业产生的最主要的固体废弃物之一.由于含油污泥的危害性,有效地处理含油污泥具有非常重要的意义.含油污泥中石油碳氢化合物的去除也引起了广泛关注.本文对含油污泥的无害化处理技术进行了着重介绍,包括焚烧、稳定/凝固、生物降解技术以及氧化技术(超临界水氧化(SCWO)、O3氧化和芬顿氧化)来实现对有机物的降解.并...     

Chemical tempering of porcelain tiles

This work presents an innovative approach for strengthening porcelain tiles via chemical tempering, which consists in replacing cations with smaller ionic radius by similar cations with larger ionic radius. Na-containing porcelain tiles were immersed into molten KNO₃ bath. A concentration profile of Na and K in the cross section of porcelain tiles to a depth of 200 µm from the surface confirmed the ion exchange. Compressive stresses on the material surface were produced, leading to flexural strength of up to 54.5 MPa (~74% increase) after chemical tempering at 360 °C during 5.5 h.     

瓷质砖变形的调整

我公司于 1994年引进莱斯压砖机、汉索夫窑炉 ,建成两条自动化程度高的瓷质砖生产线。在实际生产中 ,由于瓷质砖工艺技术难度较大 ,产品存在着不同程度的缺陷 ,其中变形对产品质量影响最大。变形包括表面翘上、翘下 ,整体扭斜 ,其产生的原因很多。实际生产中应根据具体情况来选择合适的解决办法。本文主要从调整烧成工序来解决变形等缺陷问题。1　预热带常见变形正常生产一般要求预热带上下温差大小合适 ,如果温差过大 ,将造成坯体的热应力增大 ,产生向上弯曲(或向下弯曲 )。随烧成过程的进行 ,坯体玻化 ,边部将向辊道平面弯曲。克服此变形…     

Chemical hardening of glazed porcelain tiles

Glazed ceramic tiles are used for wall and floor covering thanks to their high resistance to chemicals attacks, although big efforts should be done to increase their surfaces resistance to mechanical stresses. This study investigates the applicability of a well-known glass hardening process to glazed ceramic tiles following a rational design based on Design of Experiments technique. A Mixture Design has been carried out to formulate new frits compositions to enhance the ion-exchange process, starting from a commercial product. Vickers Hardness and SEM-EDS techniques have been employed to evaluate the frits and elaborate the model. Results suggest that frits for ceramic tiles are positively affected by ion-exchange process only if an appropriate combination of ions in the starting composition is present, establishing a new category of frit formulations suitable for that purpose. The results have been confirmed employing the optimized frit for the glazing of porcelain stoneware.     

临沂瓷石在瓷质砖坯体中的应用

简述了在瓷质砖生产中用临沂瓷石替代长石、石英的可行性,给出了其产品的主要性能。     

含油污泥制煤的研究

研究了影响除油、脱水后的含油污泥与煤粉混合制备型煤的因素,以实现罐底泥、渣泥等的废物资源化。试验考察了油泥与煤的混合比例、混合时所用原煤粒度与成型率和抗压强度的关系,助燃剂的添加量和热能、未燃烬率的关系。结果表明:煤粒度在3.35 mm以下,滤饼添加量(w)在25%左右时成型率88%、抗压强度0.150 MPa、新煤热值20 962 k J/kg;助燃剂的添加量(w)1.5%时,热值能达到23 283 k J/kg,未燃烬率18.63%。     

Elastic properties of porous porcelain stoneware tiles

Porcelain stoneware tiles are industrially processed by using high sintering temperatures and fast firing cycles that result in products characterized by an almost impervious surface layer surrounding a rather porous bulk material. Since mechanical properties are affected by porosity, the knowledge of the material stiffness is an important parameter to define the service behavior of tiles. In the present investigation, porcelain stoneware samples having different closed porosity were investigated in order to understand the influence of the porosity on the elastic constants of the materials.Based on the quantitative XRD phase composition, elastic constants have been calculated via Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging, and the influence of porosity has been taken into account via power-law and exponential relations. It is shown that the effective elastic constants predicted by exponential and power-law relations are in agreement with experimental values. It may be concluded that for this class of materials, in the porosity range below 14–16%, both exponential and power-law relations are helpful tools to design tiles with controlled microstructure and tailored mechanical properties.     

The reliability of polished porcelain stoneware tiles

The flexural strength and the Young’s modulus of as fired and polished porcelain stoneware tiles were investigated. Bending tests were carried out on suitable specimens, cut from five commercial products before and after polishing. The differences found in the flexural strength data were evaluated by the analysis of variance and the determination of the Weibull parameters. The results showed that: (i) the as fired tiles and the corresponding polished tiles cannot be always considered the same material and (ii) the data scattering is usually greater for the polished products, i.e., the reliability of the polished products, in terms of the Weibull modulus m, decreases. The results, supported by microstructural observations, surface roughness and Vickers hardness measurements, were directly attributed to the severe damage induced by the first step of machining, i.e., calibrating or grinding. Young’s modulus data showed a clear dependence on the pre-existing porosity, i.e., the production process, rather than on the machining induced damage. It was also shown that the conditions and the characteristics of the polished working surfaces strongly depend on the microstructure of the as fired material.     

Production of floor tiles in Czechoslovakia

Glass and Ceramics -     

利用当地劣质原料研制高档玻化砖

介绍了利用当地劣质原料开发高档玻化砖的基本思路，并对研制的几种高档玻化砖进行了一定的阐述。     

油田含油污泥处理技术

分析了辽河油田石油炼制过程中产生的含油污泥。根据该种油污泥老化严重、生物毒性高等特点,本着无害化的处理要求制定出如下处理工艺:加水稀释–加热均化–加药除油–混凝沉淀–上清液回用。实验结果表明,该工艺处理该种含油污泥可以有效的回收原油,并且降低了污染物含量。最后对该工艺进行了可行性分析表明具有一定的社会效益。     

含油污泥处理技术研究进展

综述了我国含油污泥的危害和污染现状,总结了含油污泥无害化及资源化的常规处理技术,介绍了近几年出现的新的处理技术,包括微波处理技术、超声波处理技术、低温热解技术、超临界水氧化技术、植物修复技术以及制作橡胶填料剂,并对我国含油污泥处理技术的发展提出了建议。