Efficient residuals pre-processing for diagnosing multi-class faults in a doubly fed induction generator,under missing data scenarios

This paper focuses on the development of a pre-processing module to generate the latent residuals for sensor fault diagnosis in a doubly fed induction generator of a wind turbine. The pre-processing module bridges a gap between the residual generation and decision modules. The inputs of the pre-processing module are batches of residuals generated by a combined set of observers that are robust to operating point changes. The outputs of the pre-processing module are the latent residuals which are progressively fed into the decision module, a dynamic weighting ensemble of fault classifiers that incrementally learns the residuals-faults relationships and dynamically classifies the faults including multiple new classes.The pre-processing module consists of the Wold cross-validation algorithm along with the non-linear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) that projects the residual to the new feature space, extracts the latent information among the residuals and estimates the optimal number of principal components to form the latent residuals. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this approach, even in the incomplete scenarios, i.e., the missing data in the batches of generated residuals due to sensor failures.     

基于模型的曲轴位置传感器故障诊断研究

为了对汽车发动机转速传感器作出快速准确的诊断,结合曲轴信号处理原理,在MATLAB/simulink中设计基于卡尔曼滤波器残差检验的OBD诊断模块,实现了曲轴位置传感器无信号、信号错误等故障诊断功能。针对卡尔曼滤波器法无法排除掉非故障性信号输入的缺点,在卡尔曼滤波法基础上加入逻辑诊断,通过条件判断以启动诊断,加入决策逻辑以确定故障状态。验证结果表明,卡尔曼滤波器法能够准确快速识别两种传感器故障,但在非故障性信号时无法准确判断故障。加入诊断逻辑的改进卡尔曼滤波法能够准确排除非故障性输入,保证诊断的准确性。     

基于光谱吸收法的微型车载尾气诊断系统

介绍了一种基于光谱吸收法的汽车尾气诊断系统。针对尾气中不同成分的气体具有相应的波长吸收峰,系统选择红外、紫外波段的LED等为光源,对应波长的光电探测器构成光电传感器。采用16位AD数据采集模块,ARM7芯片为CPU,GPRS模块与远程监测中心PC机通信。监测中心PC机上采用虚拟仪器技术设计的软件包,可实时显示GPRS模块发送的数据。实验结果表明：该系统灵敏度高、重复性好、实时性强,测量精度达0．01mg／s,是一种测量汽车尾气排放的理想设备。     

运动人体的检测和跟踪

介绍了一个使用三维激光摄像机对道路上的自行车辆和行人进行检测和跟踪的实时系统，系统主要分为物体识别模块和目标匹配跟踪模块两部分，前者采用了迭代自组织的数据分析算法(ISODATA算法)和多阈值分割方法，后者使用了一种新颖的将轨迹连贯性函数和卡尔曼滤波器相结合的多目标匹配跟踪算法，户外实验表明系统具有较高的识别率。     

矿井提升机健康诊断系统设计

以LabVIEW软件为平台,设计了一种矿井提升机健康诊断系统。该系统利用传感器采集多个通道的连续数据,实现了对矿井提升机的实时在线监测;运用LabVIEW强大的信号采集和信号分析功能,并结合信息融合技术,实现了对矿井提升机信号的时域分析与频域分析,为矿井提升机的健康诊断提供了可靠依据。     

定值和随动单闭环系统传感器故障诊断

在线闭环系统传感器的故障, 由于控制器的调节作用, 使得其故障诊断变得复杂. 本文针对定值和随动单 闭环系统传感器故障, 在正常系统和故障系统动态特性分析基础上, 提出了一种基于系统动态趋势和数据驱动的故 障诊断方法. 该方法利用动态窗口残差数据实现故障监测; 以数据变化最大值实现故障估计; 采用二次线性回归实 现故障分离; 建立了系统故障监测、故障估计和故障分离的静态模型; 同时给出了诊断模型在线应用的标定方法和 诊断流程. 通过实验验证了方法的有效性和诊断的高精度. 该方法适用于一般的一阶定值和随动闭环控制系统传 感器的实时故障诊断.     

Fuzzy model-based fault detection and diagnosis for a pilot heat exchanger

This article addresses the design and real-time implementation of a fuzzy model-based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system for a pilot co-current heat exchanger. The design method is based on a three-step procedure which involves the identification of data-driven fuzzy rule-based models, the design of a fuzzy residual generator and the evaluation of the residuals for fault diagnosis using statistical tests. The fuzzy FDD mechanism has been implemented and validated on the real co-current heat exchanger, and has been proven to be efficient in detecting and isolating process, sensor and actuator faults.     

C8051F350的多传感器测控平台设计

以C8051F350单片机为主控芯片,结合Labwindows/CVI 2012开发平台,设计了一种多传感器测控系统.系统主要包含以下4个部分:C8051F350控制器模块、传感器模块、受控模块和上位机.系统主要实现2个功能:通过上位机使C8051F350控制器模块控制传感器模块实现温度、湿度、电压和倾角数据的实时检测和显示功能;通过上位机使C8051F350控制器模块控制受控模块实现风扇、直流电机和4路继电器信号的控制功能.     

Sensor-Ball system based on IEEE 1451 for monitoring the condition of power transmission lines

The energy industry is developing it safety methods so that it can prevent accidents, diagnose the conditions of power utilities and identify any problems that might arise. In other words, the industry is trying to increase the reliability of power utilities and improve the quality of power utilities by conducting monitoring and diagnosis tasks in real-time by building a sensor network in order to monitor the status of power utilities. This study has applied IEEE 1451, an interface standard of sensor network, for the diagnosis, information exchange and compatibility of the Sensor-Ball, which is a sensor unit that constructs a sensor network for the status monitoring of power transmission lines. In order to accomplish these objectives, we applied IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE 1451.5 to the Sensor-Ball, suggested a reference model, and represented the characteristic information of the Sensor-Ball by use of IEEE 1451 TEDS (Transducer Electronic Data Sheet). By constructing a Sensor-Ball system that has a connected sensor for measuring the atmospheric temperature and line slope, we have identified the operational status and sensor data of TEDS applied through a monitoring program.     

基于敞开式传感器的余氯测控系统设计研究

为了满足实时监测和控制水中余氯浓度的需要,研究了余氯测控系统设计的相关技术,即敞开式余氯传感器设计、流通池结构设计和三电极传感器恒电位仪电路设计.首先介绍了敞开式余氯传感器的工作原理、内部结构;其次探讨了基于PVC材料的流通池的设计,实现水流的恒定;然后设计用于三电极余氯传感器的恒电位仪电路,保证对电极的电位稳定和控制精度,使余氯传感器的输出更稳定;最后阐述了传感器标定方法、校准流程和操作规程,并与DPD方法进行对比,测试结果有很好的一致性.基于敞开式传感器的余氯监控系统,无须更换膜片与电解液,具有维护简单、准确度高等优点,可用于实时在线监控自来水、处理后的医院废水、工业循环水、游泳池水等的余氯浓度.     

一种基于DSP的实时手势交互系统

设计了一种基于DSP的实时手势交互系统,该系统包含多通道无线传感器模块、信号接收及处理模块和手势应用模块.多通道无线传感器模块可直接穿戴于人体,采集并无线发送与手势动作有关的表面肌电(surface electromyography,sEMG)和加速度(Acceleration,ACC)信号,信号接收及处理模块无线接收...     

Fuzzy logic-based decision-making for fault diagnosis in a DC motor

The uncertainty of system models, the presence of noise and the stochastic behaviour of several variables reduce the reliability and robustness of the fault diagnosis methods. To tackle these kinds of problems, this paper presents a decision-making module based on fuzzy logic for model-based fault diagnosis applications. Fuzzy rules use the concept of fault possibility and knowledge of the sensitivities of the residual equations. A fault detection and isolation system, based on the input–output linear model parity equations approach, and including this decision-making module, has been successfully applied in laboratory equipment, resulting in a reduction of the uncertainty due to disturbances and modelling errors. Furthermore, the experimental sensitivity values of the residual equations allow the fault size to be estimated with sufficient accuracy.     

基于稀疏分解残差的氢气传感器故障探测与辨识方法

针对传感器故障探测和诊断,提出了一种基于稀疏分解残差的氢气传感器故障探测和辨识方法.基于信号稀疏分解理论,对采集的传感器正常信号数据集,利用K奇异值分解(K-SVD)学习算法得到一超完备字典D;在字典上对非正常(故障)信号进行分解,根据稀疏分解的残差大小和范围完成对传感器故障的探测及辨识.实验结果表明:对氢气传感器的故障探测率和总辨识率分别达到98.75%和97.25%,可以有效地解决氢气传感器的故障探测和辨识.     

基于ARM的SF6中微水含量检测系统

介绍了一种以ARM处理器S3C44B0为核心、利用红外光谱原理对SF6气体中水分含量进行监测的实时在线检测系统。系统运用基于分子辐射吸收理论的红外检测技术,设计了探测水分的光电传感器;开发了以S3C44B0为核心,包括A／D转换模块、LCD液晶显示模块、基于串口的GPRS通信模块等在内的ARM中央硬件处理平台。与传统检测设备相比,该系统灵敏度高,重复性好,实时性强,是测量精度达到0．001％,是测量SF6气体中微水分含量的理想设备。     

AMPERES: A REAL-TIME FAULT MONITORING AND DIAGNOSIS KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM FOR SPACE POWER SYSTEMS

A real-time fault monitoring and diagnosis knowledge-based system (KBS) has been developed for space power systems to save costly operational manpower and to achieve reliable space power system operation. The developed KBS, called AMPERES (autonomously managed power-system extendible real-time expert system), was developed using the autonomously managed power system (AMPS) test facility currently installed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The approaches taken for AMPERES are generic and should be applicable for other space power systems. A sensor value validation method based on causal relations (CRs) and their interrelations within the sensor redundancy graphs (SRG) has been developed and applied in AMPERES to increase the confidence in the validity of the sensor values and consequently in the results of the fault diagnosis. The validation results also yield essential information for fault diagnosis identifying the existence of a potential fault and the location or the extent of the fault. A disturbance interrelation analysis graph (DIAG) scheme has been developed to characterize the fault diagnosis problems clearly and to perform the fault monitoring and diagnosis tasks effectively by explicitly showing the diagnosis reasoning paths. The DIAG approach also enables the fault diagnosis KBS to describe a fault in several different abstraction levels and in different component granularities.     

基于北斗卫星的森林火灾监控终端设计

针对传统森林火灾监控方式存在的受地形限制,导致火灾发现不及时和定位难的缺陷,设计了基于北斗卫星的森林火灾监控系统,实现了火灾智能识别和预警,并且可以对火源、火场进行快速定位和信息通报;终端包括烟采集处理模块、图像采集模块、DSP处理模块、ARM主控模块和北斗卫星通信模块五部分,从烟和火焰两个方面对森林实时进行监控,分别采用离子烟雾传感器和DSP火焰识别混合算法,提取火焰图像差值和火焰图像边界参数的方法,提高了识别的准确率;试验证明,系统具有结构简单、使用方便和识别智能化的特点。     

基于Zigbee技术的穿戴式脉搏波检测模块的研制

介绍了一种新型的基于Zigbee技术的穿戴式脉搏波检测模块.利用压力传感器提取出脉搏波信号,经过预处理后,送至CC2430进行模数转换,对数据进行判断和处理,再利用Zigbee技术组成的无线传感器网络把数据打包发送到PC机,然后由监护软件对数据进行处理、分析和显示.该模块实现了脉搏波的无线实时检测,具有微型化、低功耗等特点,适用于家庭的便携式移动监护.     

基于MSP430的甲醛浓度实时监测系统设计

为解决现有的甲醛测量方法和测量仪器实时性差、测量步骤繁琐以及互联性弱的缺陷,以电化学传感器原理等理论为基础,基于电化学气体传感器,无线局域网(WiFi)模块和MSP430F149单片机提出了一种甲醛浓度实时监测系统设计方法.该系统能精确测量环境甲醛浓度并进行实时提醒,对传感器响应电流分辨率可达0.6nA.并且系统具有远程数据传输的能力,实用性强.测试结果表明:系统实现了预期功能,稍加拓展还可以应用于其他相关场合.     

ARM处理器在钢丝绳无损检测中的应用

设计了一种基于ARM7微处理器的钢丝绳检测仪的总体结构及软硬件,针对钢丝绳无损检测系统的要求,采用S3C44B0X芯片为嵌入式检测系统核心处理器,外围包括传感器电路、液晶显示电路、键盘输入电路和USB通信接口,实现了无损检测系统的便携性、快速性和实时性。