共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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对12Cr1MoV钢中出现的非正常组织(如非等轴铁素体加珠光体,非等轴铁素体加细碎珠光体等)进行高温持久性能试验后,分析了材料金相组织的球化程度、珠光体分布位置和蠕变孔洞等金属内部微观结构变化。与常规试验标准对比后,建议在钢管(包括15CrMo、T12、T22等钢种)订货时,要求管材的组织形态为等轴铁素体加块状珠光体组织。 相似文献
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针对某电厂1 025 t/h锅炉中温再热器爆管的情况,时中温再热器管爆口取样进行宏观、微观分析和组织球化评级,发现弯管的向烟侧组织普遍严重球化,且爆口处金相组织中已出现大量碳化物聚集在晶界上.根据对现场运行工况的调查研究,以及爆管特性的比较,认定中温再热器管长期超温运行是造成其爆管的根本原因.针对此,提出了改进对策和预... 相似文献
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《热力发电》2018,(12)
某亚临界300 MW机组锅炉发生了水冷壁爆管事故。本文对水冷壁爆口的宏观特征进行了检查,采用光学显微镜对金相组织进行了分析,利用电子衍射能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)对管内部垢层(腐蚀产物)的元素成分、物相组成进行了分析。结果表明,水冷壁爆口宏观特征表现为"窗口"状脆性断裂,向火侧结垢量较大,垢层底部金属管壁存在明显的腐蚀减薄现象,垢层底部金属发生严重脱碳,并伴有大量沿晶裂纹,该水冷壁管爆管由垢下氢腐蚀引起。为了保障该锅炉安全运行,提出对水冷壁管进行无损检测,更换水冷壁管,进行专门的查定试验有效降低水冷壁管内壁结垢速率,同时应加强水汽品质监测等建议。 相似文献
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广东某大型发电厂水冷壁管发生泄漏,原始泄漏点位于管子与鳍片焊缝交界处,对泄漏水冷壁管的宏观形貌和解剖形貌进行分析,发现鳍片焊缝内有大量未焊透部位,管内壁的坑孔与管外壁的焊接部位是连通的.金相分析发现爆口处基体的金相组织为贝氏体组织,属于淬火组织.对内壁坑内夹杂物进行能谱成分分析,结果表明该颗粒成分与焊渣成分相同,该夹杂物是后续的焊渣填充到烧穿孔内的.内壁和外壁上坑孔的形成都是由于焊接过程中焊接参数波动,导致焊接线能量增大,焊接电弧直接冲击管壁基体,造成管壁局部熔化. 相似文献
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The elemental composition of an altered layer at the external surface of a steam superheating tube of grade DI59 steel is investigated after long-term operation. It is shown that the layer is located between a scale and a matrix and depleted by silicon, manganese, copper, and chromium with the maximum oxidizer affinity, enriched by iron and nickel to 90%, and mainly composed of the α-Fe phase (ferrite) with the ferromagnetic properties. The layer formed as a result of selective oxidation and diffusion from the matrix into the metal scale with the less standard free energy of the formation of sulfides and oxides. A magnetic ferrite meter is used in the experimental investigation of the layer evolution by testing grade DI59 steel for heat resistance in air environment at temperatures of 585, 650, and 700°С for 15 × 103 h; creep at a temperature of 750°С and a stress of 60 МPа; and long-term strength at temperatures of 700 and 750°С and stresses of from 30 tо 80 МPа. Specimens for tests are made of tubes under as-received conditions. The relationship between the ferrite phase content in the surface metal layer and the temperature and time of test is determined. The dependence is developed to evaluate the equivalent temperature for operation of the external surface of steam superheating tubes using data of magnetic ferritometry. It is shown that operation temperatures that are determined by the ferrite phase content and the σ phase concentration in the metal structure of steam superheating tubes with the significant operating time are close. It is proposed to use magnetic ferritometry for revelation of thermal nonuniformity and worst tubes of steam superheaters of HPP boilers. 相似文献
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研究了冷却速率对2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V低合金耐热钢种相变行为的影响。发现钢的相变点Ac1,和Ac3分别为795℃和890℃,当冷却速率为0.1~200℃/s时,连续冷却相变曲线主要分为3个部分,即铁素体加珠光体转变区、贝氏体转变区及马氏体转变区;试验材料的维氏硬度随冷却速率的增加而逐渐递增。 相似文献
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为促进国产Super304H钢的推广应用,采用硬度测试、金相组织分析、透射电镜(TEM)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDX)分析等对国产Super304H钢在600、650、700 ℃高温持久后的微观组织及性能进行了试验研究。结果表明:在高温持久过程中,国产Super304H钢基体组织稳定,晶粒无明显变化,其硬度的升高主要与第二相的析出有关,析出相主要为ε-Cu、二次Nb(C,N)和M23C6,细小弥散的ε-Cu、二次Nb(C,N)使Super304H具有较高的强度。Super304H钢在高温持久过程中的组织老化主要表现为M23C6在晶界聚集、沿晶界呈链状分布,以及颗粒尺寸粗化。国产Super304H钢持久10 000 h后,其强度、硬度仍处于较高水平,组织状态良好。 相似文献
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Rhim Won-Kyu Chung Sang Kun Hyson Michael T. Trinh Eugene H. Elleman Daniel D. 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》1987,(6):975-979
A hybrid electrostatic-acoustic levitator that can levitate and manipulate a large liquid drop in one gravity is presented. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time such large drops (up to 4 mm in diameter in the case of water) have been levitated against 1-gravity. This makes possible, for the first time, many new experiments both in space and in ground-based laboratories, such as 1) supercooling and superheating, 2) containerless crystal growth from various salt solutions or melts, 3) drop dynamics of oscillating or rotating liquid drops, 4) drop evaporation and Rayleigh bursting, and 5) containerless material processing in space. The digital control system, liquid drop launch process, principles of electrode design, and design of a multipurpose room temperature levitation chamber are described. Preliminary results that demonstrate drop oscillation and rotation, and crystal growth from supersaturated salt solutions are presented. 相似文献
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