电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定灌溉水中7种重金属及其定性分析

实验用ICP—MS同时测定农田灌溉水中铬、镍、铜、锌、砷、镉、铅等7种重金属元素,在优化的仪器条件下,各元素的标准曲线相关系数全部达到0.9999以上;样品测定精密度为1.52%～4.10%;各元素检出限在0.000246μg.L-1～0.260μg.L-1之间;样品加标回收率在91.6%～112.5%之间。测定国家标准物质铜铅锌镉镍铬和砷环境标准样品,各元素的准确度达到97.1%～106.4%,结果令人满意。实验证明采用该方法对灌溉水中多元素同时进行测定,具有线性范围宽、精密度高、灵敏度高、准确性好、简单快速的优点。同时采用半定量分析方法对灌溉水进行定性分析,对于含量在0.1mg.L-1数量级以上的元素其半定量结果准确度较高;若元素含量在0.01mg.L-1数量级以下,则半定量结果准确度较差。     

A gas-analyzing acousto-optical spectrometer

The results of developing a gas-analyzing acousto-optical system intended for measuring the content of polluting substances in the atmosphere and based on the use of tunable acousto-optical filters are presented. The instrument allows simultaneous detection of up to ten substances.     

同轴线式相位法测量油井含水率

本文利用同轴传输线作传感器，测量油水混合水质的相位系数，研制了同轴线式相位法找水仪，从而得到油水混合介质的持水率。该仪器还实现了油井持水率以往难达到的连续测量，室内模拟井试验和初步现场试验看出本文提出的含水率测量新方法颇有前途。     

基于LD的近红外农产品水分检测仪的设计

设计以半导体激光器为光源的农产品水分近红外检测仪,将光源与分光系统合二为一,摒弃一般光谱仪器中复杂的分光系统,提高仪器的稳定性;样品在积分球内采用体吸收工作模式,可以最大限度减少样品粒度造成的散射现象对检测精度的影响,经3种物料的水分检测试验证明检测结果具有较高的精度,能满足一般生产和流动行业对农产品和食品的水分快速检测的需要。     

土样含水量快速测定传感技术研究

土壤含水量的速测受土壤电导和土壤类型等诸多因素的影响，如何确保测试精度是实现土壤含水量速测的关键。首先分析了土壤含水量速测传统方法存在的问题，并从低成本快速测试的目标出发提出了实现土样含水量测试的电容传感技术、传感器结构和原理，并给出了传感器的信号检测处理电路。使用速测技术设计而成的测定仪器测试结果与常规烘干称重法对比，其精度达到土样含水量测定的要求。     

A portable mass spectrometer for direct monitoring of gases and volatile compounds in air and water samples

A portable automated mass-spectrometric system allows direct testing of gases and volatile substances in both air and water samples in in situ and on-line modes and is intended for studies in ecology, oceanology, and for testing technological processes. The parameters, the instrument design and operating modes, and the units included in it are described. The choice of the design of the membrane input system, which ensures low threshold levels of detecting goal compounds (down to a few ppb for toluene and benzene) and the dependence of this choice on the measurement mode and the state and composition of the investigated sample are considered. The results of tests of the mass-spectrometer in the mode of direct selective and total inspection are presented.     

Evaluation of Water Content and Ionic Concentrations of Soils via Frequency Domain Analysis of TDR Waveform

This study addresses the development of a method for evaluating the water content and ionic concentrations of subsurface polluted soils by analyzing the TDR waveforms in the frequency domain. Soil specimens were prepared with different water contents and NaCl concentrations. A known electrical pulse with multiple harmonics was generated and induced through soil specimens. Reflected signals were then analyzed in the frequency domain and represented in terms of the magnitude and phase shift. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed for various magnitudes and phase shifts, which are dependent on water content and concentrations. Regression equations were obtained; hence, for a known reflected amplitude and phase shift, water content and ionic concentrations could be determined.     

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AND MAJOR ELEMENTS IN WATER ON OIL PALM PLANTATIONS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

The oil palm is an economic crop that has gained worldwide recognition due to its importance. Produce such as the stem, fruits, and leaves contain phytonutrients and antioxidants that are mediators of cellular functions and a cure for various ailments. The oil palm plantations receive inputs of elements from natural and anthropogenic sources. However, while some of the elements are beneficial, they may be toxic at high concentrations. The quality of ground water is important due to the possible uptake of trace and major elements by the oil palm. In this study, the concentrations of fifteen elements in ground water from oil palm plantations in southern Nigeria were measured. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was the instrument of choice because of its multielemental capabilities. The study revealed that of the trace elements, the highest concentrations were obtained for lead (Pb) (0.090–10.29 mg/L), while the lowest concentrations were obtained for cadmium (Cd) (0.119–0.391 mg/L). The concentration of the metals were compared with water quality standards established by the World Health Organization in 2011.     

基于单片微机的锅炉给水含氨量测控仪

本文介绍了以8031单片机为核心的锅炉给水含氨量测控仪的原理及具有的功能,较详细地阐述了该系统的硬件组成及软件设计方法。试验表明,该测控仪能使锅炉给水系统的含氨量始终保持最佳。控制中采用了一种变形PID控制算法。     

LC-4原油水含量测定仪的研制

基于无吡啶卡尔费休试剂作电解液的微库仑滴定法的工作原理,研制了一台LC-4原油水含量测定仪。实验表明,该仪器具有操作简单、节省时间和试剂、测量下限低的优点,既可用于原油水含量测定,又可用于原油盐含量测定。     

料浆水分智能检测实验装置的硬件设计

阐述了一种新型料浆水分智能检测实验装置硬件设计的过程和思路，通过对料浆流变特性与含水量之间关系所进行的理论与实验研究，为该装置进行料浆水分检测的可行性提供了理论依据；根据实验室条件、厂矿用户需求以及智能仪器所应具有的优越性制定装置的总体功能。本实验装置核心部分是经过对外围电路进行改造及调试的SCB-1型单片单板机系统，它能对远距离传送的电机转速脉冲信号、电压信号以及温度信号进行智能处理，自动检测料浆的水分含量。     

搪塑PVC表皮气味优化方案

通过对搪塑PVC仪表板的主观气味评价与客观分析溯源,得出影响搪塑PVC仪表板的主要影响物质为游离醇等小分子物质,并从原材料配方优化、原材料工艺优化、搪塑PVC表皮后处理优化方式来验证优化方案的有效性。结果表明:搪塑PVC粉热混温度提高5℃,可有效提高成品气味性;同步增加烘烤工艺,常用的烘烤工艺为80℃、4 h,总成气味可达6级及以上。     

贵阳市集中饮用水源中总有机碳和无机碳的测定

总有机碳是表示水体中有机物含量的参数,本文通过测定贵阳市集中饮用水源及各支流水质的总有机碳值和无机碳值,反映了贵阳市集中饮用水的有机污染况状,为保护和治理饮用水源地提供了数据支持。     

HPLC法测定异黄酮类化合物BI的含量及有关物质

目的：建立测定异黄酮类化合物BI的含量及有关物质的高效液相色谱方法。方法：采用AgilentZorbaxescilpseXDBC18（250mm×4．6mm,5．0μm）色谱柱;以0．15％醋酸-甲醇（45：55）为流动相;流速：1．OmL／min;检测波长为260nm;柱温40℃;进样体积：10μL。结果：在上述色谱条件下,各杂质及各降解产物均可与BI主峰良好分离,HPLC测定的线性范围为0．08μg-0．80μg（r=0．9999）,方法的仪器精密度、日内精密度、日间精密度及重复性的RSD均小于2％。结论：采用HPLC测定中药BI的含量及有关物质,方法简便,结果准确可靠。     

同轴相位法井下原油含水率温度特性的实验研究

针对同轴相位找水仪,用理论计算与实验分析结合法研究了介质温度对仪器测量含水率响应的特性。相同含水率下,同轴相位含水率计的输出随介质温度升高而降低;而且含水率越高,降低幅度越大;含水率低于20%时,仪器输出受温度影响较小。应用研究结果对解释模型进行温度补偿,进一步提高了测量含水率的测量精度     

A new photolysis laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the detection of H2O and HDO in the lower stratosphere

We present a new instrument, Hoxotope, for the in situ measurement of H(2)O and its heavy deuterium isotopologue (HDO) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere aboard the NASA WB-57. Sensitive measurements of deltaD are accomplished through the vacuum UV photolysis of water followed by laser-induced fluorescence detection of the resultant OH and OD photofragments. The photolysis laser-induced fluorescence technique can obtain S/N>20 for 1 ppbv HDO and S/N>30 for 5 ppmv H(2)O for 10 s data, providing the sensitivity required for deltaD measurements in the tropopause region. The technique responds rapidly to changing water concentrations due to its inherently small sampling volume, augmented by steps taken to minimize water uptake on instrument plumbing. Data from the summer 2005 Aura Validation Experiment Water Isotope Intercomparison Flights (AVE-WIIF) out of Houston, TX show agreement for H(2)O between Hoxotope and the Harvard water vapor instrument and for HDO between Hoxotope and the Harvard ICOS water isotope instrument, to within stated instrument uncertainties. The successful intercomparison validates Hoxotope as a credible source of deltaD data in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.     

LC-4通用微机库仑仪的研制

研制了用微机控制和处理数据的通用库仑仪.介绍了仪器的组成和设计特点,给出了仪器的性能指标和测量精度.仪器可广泛用于各种样品中总硫、总氯、微量水分、溴价和溴指数、硫醇和硫化氢、氯离子和盐含量以及化学需氧量等的测定.     

油品含水率的测量方法

介绍油品含水率测量的各种方法，指出了各种方法的优缺点。并展望我国含水率仪器仪表研制趋势。     

基于Labview的水泵综合特性测试系统研究

介绍了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的水泵综合性能测试系统。简要说明了水泵试验的内容和系统的硬件组成；重点分析了各参数的测控方法，提出一些提高试验精度、效率以及稳定性的技巧，并展示了用Labview开发的测试软件的主要功能和特点。     

油气水三相流产出剖面光纤持气率计响应规律的实验研究

为进一步研究油气水三相流产出剖面测井中光纤持气率计在高含水情况下的响应规律,在大庆油田多相流实验装置上进行了动态实验研究。实验结果表明,当油的流量一定,高含水的情况下,气量在5~10m3/d变化时测量持气率值与实际持气率值之间误差变化较大。气量大于10m3/d时误差变化较小,说明该仪器适合测量气量在10m3/d以上的混合流体。此结果对光纤持气率计的进一步优化设计提供了实验依据。