石灰窑超低温余热发电可行性技术探讨

根据太原钢铁集团已建成运行的600TPD回转石灰窑超低温余热发电设计选型参数为分析基础,对石灰窑采用超低温余热发电进行全面系统的分析,分析出石灰窑采用超低温余热发电的可行性。     

石灰窑节能诊断

南京某公司的一台混烧石灰窑工序能耗为150kgce/t石灰,高于国内石灰窑的先进指标135 kgce/t石灰。该石灰窑窑顶排烟温度达600℃,排烟损失较大;入窑粒度较大,造成焙烧不完全,石灰石分解率较低。通过分析该石灰窑的运行状况,寻找节能潜力,提出经济运行方案。     

梁式窑导热油余热利用新技术

梁式石灰窑导热油余热资源一直未被利用,造成很大的能源浪费。通过对梁式窑及导热油冷却系统分析,提出一种梁式窑导热油余热综合利用工艺,并进行经济效益分析。该工艺及设备投资低,工艺成熟先进,可操作性好,节能效果显著。     

梁式石灰窑煅烧技术优化改进

白灰是冶金行业中的重要辅助原料。某公司梁式石灰窑改为气烧窑后，生产过程中存在窑内频繁蓬料及NO_x超标问题。若减少天然气用量，生烧比例升高，影响白灰质量；提高天然气用量，则造成排放超标；上梁下方易出现严重蓬料，部分区域下料停滞，导致生产无法持续进行，不得不停窑后在窑壁开孔人工处理结瘤。上述问题严重制约着石灰窑的生产顺稳。以燃烧机理分析为基础、窑内落料过程模拟为切入点，通过对梁式石灰窑煅烧技术的优化改进、优化调整一二次风配比、南北侧区域烧嘴燃气量调整以及燃烧梁增加窑中心供风改造，显著提高了窑内温度场的均匀性，在降低NO_x排放量的同时，白灰质量也得以不断提高。     

石灰窑节能环保技术改造及效果分析

通过对两座100m^3气焦混烧石灰窑的供风系统和出灰系统的改造及炉顶废气回收、除尘、助燃空气预热等改造，对稳定炉况、提高石灰产质量、降低能耗及操作人员的劳动强度都起到了重要的作用。解决了石灰窑气中粉尘对周边环境的污染，以达到节能降耗提高经济效益及社会效益的目的。     

套筒窑冷却和烟气换热系统的技术改进

介绍了套筒式石灰窑石灰冷却风系统存在的冷却风分布不均匀、容易偏析和走短路问题,提出了几种改进方式.分析了换热器结垢和堵塞的原因,提出了两种解决方案.     

600t/d套筒窑燃烧系统设计及计算

介绍了日产量600t的套筒石灰窑燃烧系统的设计和计算过程,以及主要设备选型。     

气烧套筒石灰竖窑活性石灰生产过程

介绍了套筒窑发展、基本结构和活性石灰生产过程特点,展望气烧套筒石灰窑的发展前景。     

并流蓄热式双膛石灰窑煅烧过程数值模拟研究

为提高并流蓄热式双膛石灰窑生产中石灰石的活性和降低能耗。以200 t/d的双膛石灰窑为研究对象,对采用自定义函数和自定义标量方程编译的局部非热平衡模型和石灰石化学反应模型添加前后的燃料、CO_2、O_2的质量分数分布及温度分布做了对比分析。结果表明:添加前后的燃料、O_2和CO_2质量分数分布趋势一致,添加前燃料和O_2的质量分数比添加后高,CO_2质量分数比添加后低;添加后煅烧带烟气温度分布为1 188～1 612 K,石灰石固体颗粒的温度为1 107～1 398 K,符合设计煅烧温度范围1 123～1 423 K;出口排烟和出料的模拟平均温度与同工况实测值相比,误差在15%以内;石灰窑煅烧窑体的预热带、煅烧带和冷却带的分布高度分别为3.5、6和4.5 m,与设计值基本吻合;添加后获得了设计工况下煅烧窑体中的碳酸钙累积分解率分布图,出窑时的分解率为0.961 5。     

采用局部非热平衡模型对石灰窑温度场的模拟及优化分析

以某300 t/d气烧石灰环形竖窑为研究对象,为获得其最佳运行工况并解决窑中煅烧温度分布不均匀的问题,采用数值模拟方法进行研究。将石灰石视为多孔介质、采用自定义标量方程(UDS)编译局部非热平衡模型、窑体中碳酸钙分解反应以源项的形式通过自定义函数(UDF)添加到整个反应过程中,获得的窑体中排烟和出料的模拟平均温度与实测值误差很小(15%),且石灰石固体和烟气的两相温度三带分布图符合实际煅烧过程的温度分布,验证了模拟计算的合理性;在此基础上,对燃料流量、助燃风流量和冷却风流量3参数进行单参数分别分析和正交试验分析。研究表明:燃料流量和冷却风流量对窑体温度场影响较强,而助燃风流量的影响较弱;石灰窑的最佳运行工况为燃料流量、助燃风流量和冷却风流量分别取0.152 4、0.106 7和0.174 6 kg/s。     

D.C. scanning thermal microscopy: Characterisation and interpretation of the measurement

The used Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) probe is a thin Pt resistance wire acting as a heat source and as a detector simultaneously. Its energetic balance is investigated by the study of the temperature profile along the probe. A theoretical approach of the measurement, based on this investigation, is then proposed. Simulations with this modelling are shown to predict how the heat, electrically produced in the probe, is dissipated in the probe-sample system. In particular, it is shown that the steady-state of conduction losses to the thermal element support varies versus the thermal conductivity of the sample and can lead to bad interpretations of the measurement.     

Ground water level influence on thermal response test in Adana,Turkey

For optimum design of borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) and ground sources heat pump (GSHP) applications, determination of underground thermal properties is required. The design and economic feasibility (number and depth of boreholes) of these systems need thermal conductivity of geological structure, λ (W m^?1 K^?1), and thermal resistance of ground heat exchanger, R (K W^?1 m). Thermal properties measured in laboratory experiments do not coincide with data of in situ conditions. Therefore, in situ thermal response test equipment has been developed and used in Canada, England, Germany, Norway, U.K., U.S.A. and Sweden to ensure precise designing of BTES systems. This paper describes the results and evaluations of the Adana continual thermal response test measurements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

活塞热疲劳分析

用Pro/E建立活塞几何模型,在ANSYS单元库里选取热结构耦合单元,对模型网格进行优化,并对活塞温度场进行标定,然后进行热机耦合分析计算,得到活塞温度场、热应力场和变形。计算结果表明,在低频热疲劳下,活塞循环次数最少约是1 120 000次,这为活塞的结构改进和优化提供了依据。     

非共晶相变材料应用于太阳能吸热蓄热器的数值分析

通过计算分析发现对于目前的吸热蓄热器结构，采用相变发生在一个温度区间的非共晶熔盐混合物作为相变材料可以较好的提高吸热蓄热器的整体性能。主要表现在明显地提高相变材料的利用率、减小换热管工质出口温度波动、减小容器表面最大温度及容器表面温度变化，经过合理的设计还可以减小整体系统的质量。分析结果可以作为吸热器设计的参考。     

A model of the thermal transient state of a wall of a room during the heating by a heating system

After turning on a room heating system (e.g. central heating) a thermal transient phenomenon takes place on the wall–room system, until it reaches a final thermal equilibrium state. The temperature profiles on the wall cross‐section, starting from an initial profile, corresponding to the initial thermal equilibrium state, come gradually through successive intermediate temperature profiles, to a final temperature profile corresponding to the final thermal equilibrium state. These intermediate, nonlinear and time‐dependent temperature profiles characterize the wall thermal transient state and describe the dynamic thermal behaviour of the wall–room system. The mass of the air in the room is negligible, compared to the mass of the surrounding walls, so the dynamic behaviour of the room–wall system is imposed by the corresponding thermal dynamic behaviour of the walls. The influence of this thermal transient state is important for the room heating behaviour because it acts as a thermal flywheel attenuating and smoothing the room temperature variations. In the present work, using the integral method, analytical expressions yielding the temperature profiles, and the duration of the transient state as a function of thermal and structural characteristics have been developed. Conclusions were drawn on the dynamic thermal behaviour of the room–wall system. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review on thermal management techniques for lithium-ion battery

随着新能源汽车的广泛使用,动力锂离子电池的热安全性问题日益突出。本文以Bernardi生热机理为基础,耦合不同物理量,分别从电化学-热耦合模型、电-热耦合模型和热滥用模型来介绍单体电池的热特性。由于电池能量密度的增加与行驶工况复杂程度的提高,动力锂离子电池容易发生热量堆积,甚至造成热失控,对此,文中梳理了商用动力电池包的常用冷却方式。最后,根据对影响电池模组安全性的热失控蔓延机理及实测结果,介绍了阻断单体及基本模块热失控传播的有效方法。     

A mobile thermal battery resembling a solar receiver: Innovative design and performance assessment

An innovative design of a mobile thermal battery resembling the solar receiver is presented. A ternary salt mixture consisting of 52% KNO₃, 18% NaNO₃, and 30% LiNO₃ by wt% is used as the thermal energy storing medium inside the thermal battery. Since the thermal conductivity of the ternary salt mixture is low, aluminum meshes are introduced to create a thermal conduction tree inside the thermal energy storing medium. The actual field data are used in the simulations to resemble the solar irradiation emanating from the parabolic trough and focusing onto the thermal battery outer surface. To improve the uniform heating at the outer surface, the thermal battery rotation along the centerline of the trough is considered. The temperature parameter is introduced to assess the uniform‐like temperature distribution inside the ternary salt mixture. It is found that the use of aluminum meshes improves the heat diffusion in the phase change material of the ternary salt mixture; in which case, it acts like a thermal conduction tree inside the thermal battery. The rotation of the thermal battery results in uniform‐like temperature distribution across the thermal battery cross section and suppresses the excessive temperature rise because of the local heating in the close region of the thermal battery outer surface.     

A model study for cyclic thermal loading and thermal performance of a thermoelectric generator

Thermal cyclic loading influences the life cycle of the thermoelectric device pins because of the thermal stress developed in the pins. Although thermal efficiency improves for different geometric configurations of the device pins, development of thermal stresses limit the selection of pin geometry in practical applications, particularly under cyclic thermal loading. Consequently, in the present study, thermal stress analysis of thermoelectric pins under cyclic thermal loading is carried out. The influence of thermoelectric pin geometry on the stress levels is examined when the device is subjected to the thermal cyclic loading. The predictions of thermal stress distribution are validated with the data presented in the open literature. It is found that pin geometric configuration has a significant effect on the stress levels developed in the pin when subjected to cyclic thermal loading. The pin configuration R_A = 1 (parallel pins) results in the minimum value of the maximum von Mises stress in the pins as compared to that corresponding to other configurations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

THERMAL RELAXATION TIMES EFFECT ON RAYLEIGH WAVES IN GENERALIZED THERMOELASTIC MEDIA

Rayleigh waves in a half-space exhibiting generalized thermoelastic properties based on Green-Lindsay (G-L), Lord-Shulman (L-S), and classical dynamical coupled (C-D) theories are discussed. The phase velocity of Rayleigh waves in the previous three different theories has been obtained. A comparison is carried out between the phase velocities of Rayleigh waves, displacements, stresses, and temperature as calculated from the different theories of generalized thermoelasticity. The C-D theory is recovered as a special case. It appears, in particular, that the results obtained from G-L theory tend to those of L-S theory as the values of the two relaxation times become closer to each other. The second relaxation time is well pronounced when it becomes larger than the first one. Furthermore, it is found that the thermal relaxation times decrease the speed of the elastic waves and modify the phase velocities of the Rayleigh waves. The results obtained and the conclusions drawn are discussed numerically and illustrated graphically. Relevant results of previous investigations are deduced as special cases.     

地源热泵岩土热物性测试简介与分析

地源热泵系统作为利用可再生能源的暖通空调技术,具有节能、环保等优点,在世界范围内被广泛使用。土壤作为地源热泵系统的冷热源,对整个系统有着至关重要的影响。不同建筑负荷特性要求系统对土壤的取放热量不同,二者的不平衡会使土壤的温度发生变化,影响整个系统的运行。对特定建筑地源热泵系统土壤的热物性测试是设计地埋管系统的重要依据。本文对热物性测试的理论依据进行了简单介绍,并对具体事例进行了分析计算,得出岩土体的导热系数等具体热物性参数,为地源热泵系统的精确设计提供了依据。