Key issues in integrated resource planning for electric utilities

Integrated resource planning (IRP) is a means for utilities and state regulatory commissions to consistently assess a variety of demand and supply resources to cost-effectively meet customer energy-service needs. The authors review recent progress in IRP and identify the need for additional work by utilities, regulatory commissions, and other organizations. They point out that IRP as a planning and regulatory process can also greatly reduce the uncertainties and risks faced by utilities and state public utility commissions. Such benefits occur because of the diversity of resources considered, public involvement in the planning process, and cooperation among interested parties     

输电网的规划综合成本法及其应用研究

针对电网发展日益受到土地、环境及风险评估等内外部条件约束的现状,提出一种输电网规划与项目决策的新方法.该方法基于全寿命周期管理的理念,以全社会成本为尺度,对输电网扩展方案的技术性和经济性进行综合评判,通过引入土地机会成本和风险评估方法实现了对电网征地和电网风险等关键因素的量化评估.与传统输电网的规划设计方法进行比对分析表明,该方法能够更加准确地计及输电网规划方案的长期性和全面性,为输电网规划设计技术经济比选方法的改进提供了参考依据.     

A generation expansion model for electric utilities with stochastic stranded cost

We design and analyze a generation expansion planning model considering the stochastic nature of stranded cost. The stranded cost is the investment balance outstanding when a generation unit is forced to shut down because it is not economically competitive. This is an important issue nowadays due to the on-going transition of the electric power industry from regulated monopolies toward competition with substantial financial uncertainties. In this paper, specifically, we mathematically formulate a generation expansion planning model with stochastic stranded cost based on the mean–variance method. Next, based on experts' estimation of elementary relations among projects over periods, we derive mathematical formulae for covariances among projects and periods. This is shown to enhance the implementability of the generation expansion planning model. Also, managerial insights are provided (e.g. a set of negatively correlated projects will reduce the financial risk associated with stranded cost). Finally, by way of a numerical example, the features of our model are illustrated.     

A flexible decision method for transmission system expansion planning considering power interruption cost

Under the current deregulation of the electric utility industry, power system planning has become more complex. System planners are required to study how to use available resources to meet customer's demand economically with acceptable reliability and quality. Integrated resource planning has emerged recently as one effective approach for this problem, and the approach has been expanded to include the value of reliability, that is, power interruption cost. This paper is aimed at developing a flexible decision method to select a favorable plan among various transmission system expansion alternatives, not only from a power supplier's viewpoint, but also from the customer's perspective, including cost of interruption. Bellman-Zadeh's maximizing decision using a fuzzy decision set is applied as a flexible decision method which is able to reflect the planner's intentions. Numerical examples are given to ascertain the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

低碳经济下能源综合规划的生态功能单元方法

基于生态学与技术经济学两个学科的交叉,提出了低碳经济下能源综合规划的生态功能单元方法。通过对自然界的能量循环过程和电力系统中的能量循环过程进行对比分析,并借鉴自然界在能量流动、物质循环和信息传递等生态功能单元机理,从而实现能源规划中的发展目标,即低碳、减排、节能、经济与稳定。生态功能单元规划方法所提供的是一种系统的、动态的、进化的思考方式,将使有限的电力建设资金更多地投向绿色能源开发方面,符合"十二五"电力规划中"智能电网"的理念。     

发达国家综合资源规划工作的经验与启示

对美国太平洋电力公司、美国加州电力系统、加拿大诺瓦斯克提亚电力公司、欧洲各同的电力行业实施综合资源规划的现状进行研究,分析其在规划任务和目标、规划方法、组织结构、实施方案、政策法规等方面的成功经验,并结合当前我国电力规划存在的问题,从规划方式、工作模式、配套措施3个角度,提出对我国开展综合资源规划工作可以借鉴的模式.     

当前电力体制下考虑需求侧管理的电网规划新思路

电力需求侧管理(DSM)因其能有效调控负荷已成为电力公司的一种常态化工作,这就需要在电网规划中考虑DSM的影响。在电网规划中考虑DSM的影响不仅有利于发挥DSM的作用而且能提高电网规划的经济性。在对传统电网规划和综合资源优化规划分析的基础上提出几点考虑DSM的电网规划新思路,算例验证了提出模型的有效性。     

A time-varying transformer outage model for on-line operational risk assessment

The failure probabilities of system components may vary with changes in the operating conditions. Performing a probabilistic risk assessment in real-time is challenging, since component failure probabilities are difficult to predict. Accordingly, this paper introduces a delayed semi-Markov process that incorporates real-time data from advanced sensors, as a means of efficiently calculating time-varying or condition-based failure probabilities. To demonstrate the feasibility of the procedure, a time-varying transformer outage model with numerical examples is presented. In the proposed technique, an analytic random model is developed to accommodate the impact of real-time dissolved gas analysis data, as well as other conditions pertaining to the failure probabilities of system components.     

All-source bidding: Extending integrated competition to utility resource procurement

When facing a resource need, utilities should use all-source bidding to help identify the highest value resources to procure. By soliciting proposals from suppliers across all resource options, the utility applies to procurement the same important principles that guide integrated resource planning. All-source bidding is not new, but many utilities have not used it. This article explains how all-source bidding works, describes the benefits, and offers practical recommendations for utilities and utility regulators.     

基于停电损失计算与成本分析的配电网单元制供电网格可靠性规划

提出一种基于停电损失计算与成本分析的配电网单元制供电网格可靠性规划方法。首先对单元制网格分类,并建立起停电损失、投资成本与可靠性指标间的数学关系。其次基于帕累托优化方法,量化计算并得到单元制网格满足一定的可靠性目标前提下的投资成本、停电损失,作为网格规划的重要参考。最后结合算例分析验证了方法的有效性。     

Line outage ranking for voltage limit violations with corrective rescheduling avoiding masking

This paper describes a technique for ranking line outages causing voltage limit violations taking into account the post-outage correctability of the network during contingency selection process. Due to the choice of large even powered of performance index (PI): (i) masking is avoided; and (ii) complete potential of correctability of power network is utilised. Fletcher and Reeves conjugate gradient method is used for optimisation. Use of newly derived compensated voltage shift factor has been made. To restrict the reactive power limit violations at generation buses, use of newly derived reactive power compensated shift factor has been made. Control corrections have been optimised for each line outage in the same base case pre-outage condition itself. This allows the use of same set of pre-outage sensitivity coefficients and line outage distribution factors. It is to be stressed here that the control corrections have been obtained for each line outage in pre-contingency condition mainly for computational convenience. But actually these corrections are applied in respective post-outage conditions. The algorithm is tested on IEEE 25-bus, 30-bus and 91-bus test systems.     

需求侧管理技术应用综述

需求侧管理在节能和降低损耗以及减少环境污染方向有很好的成效,为此,综述了近几年来国内和国外需求侧管理技术应用的现状和介绍了现有的部分研究成果,并指出了在我国实施需求侧管理项目过程中所遇到的机制障碍,结论中针对中国的国情,对需求侧管理技术在中国的开展进行了展望,也对解决现有障碍提出了一些具体方法。     

配电网线路开断后潮流的新算法

在配电网回路阻抗法潮流算法的基础上,提出了一种新的配电网线路开断后潮流算法:对应取零法.该算法通过对已有的基态潮流方程的矩阵经过适当的变形,得到所求的因子表,从而节约了大量计算机时.对一个35节点配电网实例计算与比较的结果证明了"对应取零法"的可行性和正确性.     

An integrated reconfigurable control and self-organizing communication framework for community resilience microgrids

CRMs can effectively share distributed energy resources of multiple owners and enhance resilient electricity supply in communities during disruptions. However, in contrast to single-entity microgrids, CRMs present a unique structure and bring new challenges for operations and control, which can often be interrupted due to cascaded failures in interconnected electrical/communication components. An installation in Potsdam, New York, incorporates some control/communication solutions for resilient and economic operation of CRMs.     

我国现阶段电力综合资源规划的实施机制研究

分析了我国高速经济发展所面临的能源危机与环保压力,提出综合资源规划是解决我国电力供应问题的最有效手段.借鉴国外综合资源规划的实践经验,并基于我国国情,研究提出了我国新形势下综合资源 -规划的实施主体、总体模式和组织体系,为综合资源规划在我国现阶段的实施提供决策参考.     

基于动态规划法的配电网联络线优化规划研究

为了有效提高配电网的供电可靠性,以单电源树状配电网为对象研究自成环网的联络线规划。基于节点与节点联通矩阵分析联络线连接位置对故障下游负荷转移的影响,提出了故障区间相对于联络环从属关系的分区停电损失计算方法。以停电损失和建设费用加权和最小为目标函数,以适应不同运行方式的保护整定值为约束,建立联络线规划数学模型。将联络线的优化规划看成一个多阶段决策问题,以联络线的条数作为阶段数,联络线的联结位置为状态,应用动态规划法求解树状配电网联络线优化规划问题。以IEEE33节点算例和现场工程实例进行仿真分析,对联络线的建设费用和停电损失费等经济指标进行了分析比较,验证了算法的有效性。     

考虑SVC影响的电力系统多目标交易计划

提出一种基于最优潮流、计及SVC影响,同时考虑经济效益和环境效益的电力系统多目标交易计划模型.首先对各单目标确定性模型求解,得到目标函数值,其次对目标值进行一定程度的伸缩,并定义目标隶属度函数,将确定性问题模糊化.接着采用最大满意度法将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,然后采用非线性规划方法求解,得到新的潮流结果.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

电力通信网络资源管理系统研究

建设通信网络资源管理系统对提高网络资源的利用率和配置质量,提高网络管理和服务水平至关重要.文章分析了资源管理系统的应用领域和系统定位;论述了系统的整体功能构想;介绍了系统应具备的基础数据维护、逻辑拓扑管理、综合统计分析和查询及资源调度管理4种主要功能.这些内容对指导建立通信资源管理系统具有较高的实用价值.     

Probabilistic production cost model for a power system with storage

The conventional production cost model uses the power system load for an average day with no consideration of the uncertainty that is entailed in this load. A probabilistic production cost model is presented that considers the stochastic nature of the load which is used for a power system with energy storage operating on a daily or weekly cycle. The optimum energy storage device, in the sense of minimizing the expected cost of meeting demand, is found. The model minimizes the statistical data and permits a separation of the fuel cost from it, so that a change in fuel cost would not require a great deal of recomputation. Finally, the deterministic approach using an average load is compared with the stochastic one, and it is shown that the deterministic approach leads to significant error in the optimum storage capacity.     

超高压企业信息资源规划的探讨

对东北电网有限公司下属五个超高压局企业目前的信息化建设现状,以及未来发展需求进行了归纳,对超高压企业信息化建设过程中出现的问题进行分析,尤其对目前超高压企业信息化建设中"信息孤岛"产生的原因及危害进行分析,强调信息资源规划在超高压企业信息化建设中具有的核心地位,阐述了超高压企业搞好信息资源规划的重要因素、意义及步骤,并指出超高压企业要实现信息化建设的跨越式发展,必须要重视和加强信息资源规划.