世界低碳绿色铝及铝产品概览

对近期全世界低碳绿色铝及铝产品生产及建设概况作了全面系统的回顾与介绍。自2010年以来，世界原铝产量呈下降趋势，而再生铝产量却在节节上升。2020年全球再生铝消费17 250 kt,2025年有可能超过35 000 kt。降低原铝、再生铝及铝材、铝制品的碳足迹是目前铝工业的热门话题。截至2022年6月仅注册的有商标品牌的就有16种，它们的碳足迹大都<4 t CO2e/t Al，有的已接近零了，但中国仅有2种，占总数的12.5%。全文共4部分：低碳铝及铝产品；再生铝项目建设；旧废铝的再生利用；可再生能源。     

废铝的回收与节约能源

废铝的回收与节约能源江苏铝厂朱玉俭目前，世界工业发达国家非常重视对能源和资源的节约，尤其是二次石油危机之后，对于能源的节省更是深入人心。主要表现在对废旧物资的回收、再生利用方面，其中以废铝罐的回收率逐年上升便说明这一点。表１所示为日本铝罐回收率和美国...     

世界再生铝工业风云

对2015年7月至2016年6月全世界再生铝工业主要事态作了简要记述,主要述评了再生铝厂的改扩建情况、工艺废料、废旧罐及报废汽车铝合金零部件、废杂铝分选及精准循环利用概况。2015年全球再生铝产量约达30000kt。当下再生铝生铝有三大特点:再生铝品质大为提高,基本上以废铝为原料生产的一些再生铝合金性能如用原铝生产的相当;再生铝是真正的绿色金属,再生铝能耗只原铝能耗5%左右,温室气体排放也相应地下降;中国是世界上最大再生产与消费国,2015年中国再生铝产量6200kt,2016年可达7130kt,英国及日本再生铝产量呈下降,其他国家的都在逐年上升。     

废铝易拉罐绿色环保再利用技术通过评价

5月22日,中国有色金属工业协会在北京组织召开了“废铝易拉罐绿色环保再利用技术”科技成果评价会。评价委员会听取了该科技成果负责人张深根研究员关于技术研发专题汇报。项目组开发了以余热烟气为热源,旋转动态隧道窑低氧脱漆的方法及装备,有效抑制了二恶英的产生,铝片无烧损,脱漆率95％以上;开发了废铝易拉罐片蓄热式双室吸入式液下熔炼技术及装备,铝回收率97％以上,节能效果显著。     

世界铝平轧工业一览

对世界铝平轧（板、带、箔）工业作了全面系统的调查、概括与简要的分析、归纳。截止到2006年底，全球共有板、带、箔生产企业约712个，其中中国有约350个；生产铝平轧产品的国家与地区69个，总生产能力约24000kt/a（中国约4070kt／a）；铝板带厂454个，总生产能力约20000kt／a；铝箔厂约258个，总生产能力约4000kt/a；铸锭热轧机及生产线约155台（条）；黑兹莱特连铸连轧生产线12条，劳纳连铸连轧线1条（生产能力约300kt/a），它们的总生产能力约1800kt/a；二辊式连续铸轧生产线约590条，总生产能力约6000kt／a，中国约有265条，总产能约2200kt／a；铸锭热轧生产能力（含2辊块片轧机）约23000kt/a，连铸连轧及连续铸轧的总生产能力约7800kt／a，前者占总生产能力的74．7％，后二者占总生产能力的25％强，在2006年约17000kt平轧产品中，连续铸轧及连铸连轧供坯的产量约6200kt，占36．5％；辊面宽度大于等于800mm的4辊冷连轧生产线及冷轧机约570台（条）；512作辊直径等于小于280mm的4辊箔轧机约523台。     

国内外废铝回收及再生利用概况

介绍了我国和国外主要废铝回收再生发达国家的废铝回收利用现状，分析了我国在这一产业落后的原因，呼吁大家尽快地重视和实施铝回收再生利用，开创更广阔的未来。     

再生铝市场前景广阔

介绍了工业发达国家废铝回收和再生铝生产情况．分析了国内废铝回收情况和再生铝生产企业分布情况。指出国内再生铝市场前景广阔。同时提出了加强废铝回收、再生利用需要解决的同题。     

日本废铝罐回收率达80.6%

到２００１年３月底止的２０００／２００１年度，日本废铝罐有偿回收量达２１．４１０７万t，占全部铝罐的８０．６％，比上一年度增长２．１％。其中１５．９４８５万t用于重新制作新或其它产品。据预测，在今后１０年中，日本的废铝罐回收仍将会稳定增长。２０００年美国的废铝罐回收率为，西欧为。日本废铝罐回收率达80.6%@罗德先     

关于建设大型再生铝合金板带厂的设想

在有色金属结构材料中,废旧铝具有最高的可再生利用性,最大限度地回收废旧铝与充分有效地加以再生利用是建设节约型社会与环境友好型社会的重要一环,是又好又快建设可持续发展铝工业的必由之路.笔者首次提出中国有必要建设大型再生铝合金板带厂的意见,从各方面探讨了建厂的可行性,在长江三角洲或珠江三角洲地区建一个生产能力180 kt/a的再生铝合金板带厂,在资源、能源、技术、经济、环保、市场、政策、国际环境等方面都是可行的.产品种类为再生1XXX、3XXX、5XXX系合金民用板带.     

再生铝在3104合金罐身料生产中的应用

为实现废旧铝质易拉罐的保级再生,通过对废旧铝质易拉罐熔化成合金铝水后的化学成分、温度、针孔度、加入量及加入时机等的研究及铸锭质量检测情况的对比分析,探讨了3104合金铝水在罐料生产中的应用.研究结果表明,使用了合金铝水的3104合金罐料卷材的平均断罐量控制在50×10-6个以内,针孔控制在5×10-6个以内,其产品质量...     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.