OFDM系统中基于FRFT的多径参数估计方案

无线信道中存在的多径衰落特性使通信系统的性能急剧恶化,必须精确的估计出多径信道的参数以便更好的设计通信系统.本文提出了一种基于单分量线性调频(LFM)信号的多径参数估计方法.该方法通过发射单分量LFM信号作为正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的导频信号来探测多径信道,在接收端用最小描述长度(MDL)标准来检测信道的多径数目,并用分数阶傅立叶变换(FRFT)进行多径参数估计,适合于移动终端.仿真结果表明该算法有良好的估计性能.     

传感通信网络过滤方法研究与仿真

传感通信网络中乘性噪声的过滤,可提高通信网络的性能。在传感通信网络乘性噪声过滤过程中,由于传感网络的信道大部分处于移动状态中,信道路线的变化会造成不同节点间的乘性噪声干扰,传统的传感网络方法过滤乘性噪声,信号与噪声之前缺少识别过程,统一转换成固定特征噪声加以删除,过滤效果较差。提出采用改进主分量分析算法的传感通信网络乘性噪声的过滤方法。对采集到的初始信号进行白化与降维处理,使初始有色信号转换成白色信号,且分量彼此间相互独立,减少处理过程的数据量,根据改进主分量分析算法构造信号数据矩阵,进行正交变换获取有效特征值并进行信号重构,实现对传感通信网络中乘性噪声的有效过滤。实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行传感通信网络乘性噪声的过滤,能够提高噪声过滤的精度,提高传感通信网络性能,具有极大的优越性。     

基于松弛因子改进FastICA算法的遥感图像分类方法

多波段遥感图像反映了不同地物的光谱特征,其分类是遥感应用的基础.独立分量分析算法利用信号的高阶统计信息,去除了遥感图像各个波段之间的相关性,获得的波段图像是相互独立的.然而独立分量分析算法计算量太大,影响了其在多波段遥感图像分类上的应用.MFastICA算法可以改善FastICA算法的性能,减少计算量,但是同FastICA算法一样,其收敛依赖于初始权值的选择.在MFastICA算法中引入松弛因子,使算法可以实现大范围的收敛.应用BP神经网络对独立分量分析算法预处理后的图像进行自动分类,其分类精度比原始遥感图像的精度高,并且3种独立分量分析算法的最终分类性能相当.     

基于滑动窗口的独立分量分析算法

针对时变混合模型的独立分量分析(ICA)问题,提出了基于滑动窗口的ICA算法.给出了基于滑动窗的分离矩阵递归学习算法,提高了算法的运算效率,因此可应用于独立分量的在线提取和动态独立分量分析等应用场合另外,针对独立分量排序不确定性所带来的问题,提出了利用峭度值大小对输出信号进行动态排序的思路.仿真实验证明了这一思路是可行的.对窗函数长度的选择问题还进行了探讨,得出了一些有参考价值的结论.实验结果表明,基于滑动窗ICA算法能较好地应用于时变混合模型的独立分量提取,具有良好的盲分离性能.     

一种盲源分离的优先进化自适应遗传算法

盲分离技术与独立分量分析(ICA)由于不需要知道信号的先验信息而得到广泛应用.ICA是信号处理的一种新技术.其基本目标是寻找线性变换矩阵,将观测的多维混合信号进行变换,变换后的输出信号各分量之间尽可能统计独立.将改进的遗传算法(GA)与ICA相结合,提出基于优先进化自适应GA的盲源分离算法,并与传统的遗传算法进行了比较,证实了其具有更好的收敛性和稳态性能.对3段声音信号进行了仿真,仿真结果证明了算法的有效性.     

基于独立分量分析的高光谱图像降维与压缩算法

论文提出了一种基于快速独立分量分析的高光谱图像降维算法.利用虚拟维数算法估计需要保留的独立分量数目,采用非监督端元提取算法自动获取端元矢量,并对快速独立分量分析的混合矩阵进行有效初始化.采用最大噪声分离变换对原始数据进行预处理,利用快速独立分量分析从变换后的主分量中依次提取出各端元对应的独立分量,最后对各个独立分量分别实施无损压缩.实验结果表明,该算法降维后的独立分量具有较好的地物分类性能,并且可以获得较好的压缩性能.     

独立分量分析在多光谱遥感图像分类中的应用

多光谱遥感图像反映了不同地物的光谱特征,其分类是遥感应用的基础。但是在多光谱遥感波段图像中存在不同地物对应着相同的灰度,即异物同谱的问题。独立分量分析算法对未知的源信号的混合信号进行估计,可以获得相互独立的源信号的近似。独立分量分析算法利用了信号的高阶统计信息,对于多光谱遥感图像而言,算法去除了波段图像之间的相关性,获得的波段图像是相互独立的。但是独立分量分析算法有一个缺点,即计算量太大,影响了在多光谱遥感图像分类上的应用。文章对独立分量分析的一种快速算法FastICA进行改进,减少了计算量,提高了算法的有效性。在性能相当的情况下,改进FastICA算法能有效地减少算法的计算量。由于FastICA算法是线性ICA算法,对于非线性混合的光谱信号的估计存在一定误差,因此应用BP神经网络的非线性特性对其进行自动分类。在同原始遥感图像的BP神经网络分类结果进行比较,结果表明独立分量分析算法能提高多光谱遥感图像的分类的正确率。     

基于混沌导频信号同步控制的混沌保密通信

分析了现有混沌掩盖保密通信存在的问题,给出了混沌同步控制信号与混沌调制信号相分离的混沌保密通信新方法.新方法采用混沌导频信号独立完成通信收发两端的混沌系统同步控制,较好地解决了原有混沌通信系统中已调信号既实现同步控制又承载信息信号所引起的信息信号须远小于混沌调制信号和抗噪声性能差的问题.构建了采用Sprott系统I为混沌模型的混沌通信新方案仿真电路.仿真实验表明:通信收发两端混沌同步控制实现方式更灵活、混沌同步更精确、信息信号大小不再受混沌信号影响、抗噪声性能更强.同时,混沌调制信号和混沌同步控制信号分开也有助于这两方面技术独立地研究与发展,有利于构建性能更好的混沌保密通信系统.     

针对FastICA计算终点判断的算法改进

独立分量分析不能分离高斯分布信号,导致对含高斯噪声系统计算不收敛;FastICA可以从系统中逐个计算出独立分量,通过计算系统残余信息的自相关函数值,判断残余信息属性,找出独立分量分析的计算终点,对FastICA算法进行改进,可以避免无效计算,节省计算时间。改进后的算法可以自动判断含噪声的线性系统的独立分量数目,与预先定义分量数目的独立分量分析相比,具有更好的降噪效果。     

OFDM系统中时变信道参数的估计

无线信道中的时变衰落对通信系统的性能会产生极其恶劣的影响,必须精确的估计出时变信道的参数以便更好的设计通信系统以及在接收端进行有效地均衡。提出了一种基于单分量线性调频（LFM）信号的时变信道参数估计方法。该方法通过发射单分量LFM信号作为正交频分复用（OFDM）系统的导频信号来探测时变信道,在接收端用最小描述长度（MDL）标准来检测信道的多径数目,并用Wigner－Hough变换（WHT）联合FFT进行时变信道参数估计。仿真结果表明该算法有良好的估计性能。     

Effects of finite register length on fast ICA,bacterial foraging optimization based ICA and constrained genetic algorithm based ICA algorithm

Independent component analysis (ICA) technique separates mixed signals blindly without any information of the mixing system. Fast ICA is the most popular gradient based ICA algorithm. Bacterial foraging optimization based ICA (BFOICA) and constrained genetic algorithm based ICA (CGAICA) are two recently developed derivative free evolutionary computational ICA techniques. In BFOICA the foraging behavior of E. coli bacteria present in our intestine is mimicked for evaluation of independent components (IC) where as in CGAICA genetic algorithm is used for IC estimation in a constrained manner. The present work evaluates the error performance of fast ICA, BFOICA and CGAICA algorithms when they are implemented with finite length register. Simulation study is carried on both fixed and floating point ICA algorithms. It is observed that the word length greatly influences the separation performance. A comparison of fixed-point error performance of the three algorithms is also carried out in this work.     

Input variable selection: mutual information and linear mixing measures

Determining the most appropriate inputs to a model has a significant impact on the performance of the model and associated algorithms for classification, prediction, and data analysis. Previously, we proposed an algorithm ICAIVS which utilizes independent component analysis (ICA) as a preprocessing stage to overcome issues of dependencies between inputs, before the data being passed through to an input variable selection (IVS) stage. While we demonstrated previously with artificial data that ICA can prevent an overestimation of necessary input variables, we show here that mixing between input variables is common in real-world data sets so that ICA preprocessing is useful in practice. This experimental test is based on new measures introduced in this paper. Furthermore, we extend the implementation of our variable selection scheme to a statistical dependency test based on mutual information and test several algorithms on Gaussian and sub-Gaussian signals. Specifically, we propose a novel method of quantifying linear dependencies using ICA estimates of mixing matrices with a new linear mixing measure (LMM).     

A class of neural networks for independent component analysis

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a recently developed, useful extension of standard principal component analysis (PCA). The ICA model is utilized mainly in blind separation of unknown source signals from their linear mixtures. In this application only the source signals which correspond to the coefficients of the ICA expansion are of interest. In this paper, we propose neural structures related to multilayer feedforward networks for performing complete ICA. The basic ICA network consists of whitening, separation, and basis vector estimation layers. It can be used for both blind source separation and estimation of the basis vectors of ICA. We consider learning algorithms for each layer, and modify our previous nonlinear PCA type algorithms so that their separation capabilities are greatly improved. The proposed class of networks yields good results in test examples with both artificial and real-world data.     

ICA算法在fMRI中的应用

独立分量分析（ICA）是信号处理领域新近发展起来的一种很有应用前景的方法,而脑功能磁共振（fMRI）信号的有效分离与识别是一个正在研究和实验之中的技术领域。近年来,ICA已被成功地应用于fMRI数据的处理,成为分析IMRI数据的一种很有效的方法。本文介绍了ICA在分析fMRI数据方面的应用,以及多种ICA算法在fMRI信号盲源分离中 的应用,分析了三种算法的问题,给出了本人对此研究的展望。     

过完备ICA 算法在语音信号提取中的应用

在语音信号处理中常用麦克风采集语音,然后用算法进行提取和分离,目前常用的有独立分量分析（Independent component Analysis,ICA）算法。但是当麦克风个数少于说话人的个数时,即欠定情形,此时语音信号的提取需采用过完备ICA算法。提出了一种基于过完备ICA算法的两步算法：估计混合矩阵的几何算法和估计源矩阵的最短路径法。该算法能在欠定情形下对语音信号的提取有很好的作用,仿真实验验证了这一结果。     

Minimax mutual information approach for independent component analysis

Minimum output mutual information is regarded as a natural criterion for independent component analysis (ICA) and is used as the performance measure in many ICA algorithms. Two common approaches in information-theoretic ICA algorithms are minimum mutual information and maximum output entropy approaches. In the former approach, we substitute some form of probability density function (pdf) estimate into the mutual information expression, and in the latter we incorporate the source pdf assumption in the algorithm through the use of nonlinearities matched to the corresponding cumulative density functions (cdf). Alternative solutions to ICA use higher-order cumulant-based optimization criteria, which are related to either one of these approaches through truncated series approximations for densities. In this article, we propose a new ICA algorithm motivated by the maximum entropy principle (for estimating signal distributions). The optimality criterion is the minimum output mutual information, where the estimated pdfs are from the exponential family and are approximate solutions to a constrained entropy maximization problem. This approach yields an upper bound for the actual mutual information of the output signals - hence, the name minimax mutual information ICA algorithm. In addition, we demonstrate that for a specific selection of the constraint functions in the maximum entropy density estimation procedure, the algorithm relates strongly to ICA methods using higher-order cumulants.     

Markov and Semi-Markov switching of source appearances for nonstationary independent component analysis.

Independent component analysis (ICA) is currently the most popularly used approach to blind source separation (BSS), the problem of recovering unknown source signals when their mixtures are observed but the actual mixing process is unknown. Many ICA algorithms assume that a fixed set of source signals consistently exists in mixtures throughout the time-series to be examined. However, real-world signals often have such difficult nonstationarity that each source signal abruptly appears or disappears, thus the set of active sources dynamically changes with time. In this paper, we propose switching ICA (SwICA), which focuses on such situations. The proposed approach is based on the noisy ICA formulated as a generative model. We employ a special type of hidden Markov model (HMM) to represent such prior knowledge that the source may abruptly appear or disappear with time. The special HMM setting t hen provides an effect ofvariable selection in a dynamic way. We use the variational Bayes (VB) method to derive an effective approximation of Bayesian inference for this model. In simulation experiments using artificial and realistic source signals, the proposed method exhibited performance superior to existing methods, especially in the presence of noise. The compared methods include the natural-gradient ICA with a nonholonomic constraint, and the existing ICA method incorporating an HMM source model, which aims to deal with general nonstationarities that may exist in source signals. In addition, the proposed method could successfully recover the source signals even when the total number of true sources was overestimated or was larger than that of mixtures. We also propose a modification of the basic Markov model into a semi-Markov model, and show that the semi-Markov one is more effective for robust estimation of the source appearance.     

一种结合信噪比的独立成分分析算法

针对传统独立成分分析算法存在的不足,在简要介绍独立成分分析的基本原理和相关算法的基础上,提出一种结合负熵与信噪比的独立成分分析法.推导了算法的关键公式,给出了实现算法,并进行了计算机仿真实验,分别使用传统算法和改进算法对模拟产生的合成数据进行分离.通过对实验结果进行的计算分析表明了所提出的改进算法比基于负熵的传统算法具有更佳的信号分离能力,能更好地从混合信号中估计出源信号.     

通信对抗中码元速率的盲估计算法研究

为了适应日益复杂的通信环境,提高通信对抗中截获信号的解调性能,针对通信中最重要的参数——码元速率的盲估计成为了通信信号处理领域的研究热点之一。为此对现有的码元速率盲估计算法进行了研究分析,重点介绍了基于小波变换和循环自相关的码元速率估计算法,同时比较了各种算法之间的优缺点,并展望了今后码元速率估计的研究方向。     

基于最短路径和自然梯度的过完备ICA算法

独立成分分析(ICA)是一种在给出的随机向量中找出统计独立的数据的统计方法，而过完备独立成分分析则是ICA问题中的一类特殊的情形，它要的源信号的数目比观测信号的数目要多。该文提出了一种基于最短路径算法和自然梯度的解决过完备独立成分分析的新算法Turbo-overcomplete。该算法采用了最短路径方法来推断源信号和采用自然梯度的方法来学习基向量，并采用Turbo-overcomplete算法来进行语音信号分离的实验，并把实验结果与现在的一些过完备独立成份分析算法进行了比较。