The National Council of Schools and Programs of Professional Psychology education model.

Beginning with its historical context, the National Council of Schools and Programs of Professional Psychology's model for education and training in professional psychology is summarized in 5 areas: (a) broadened view of psychology with a flexible epistemology, multiple ways of knowing, and how practitioners doing practice remain local clinical scientists doing disciplined inquiry; (b) integrative pedagogy; (c) competency-based core curriculum integrating practical and scientific knowledge, skills, and attitudes; (d) elements of practice?including multiple roles, the self of the psychologist and reflective practice?practicum and internship training, and systematic evaluation; and (e) the social nature of professional psychology and its social responsibility, including ethnic and racial diversity and gender. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Books in school psychology: 1970 to the present.

Examines the content of school psychology books published between 1970 and 1985. The process of historical review reveals recent trends that have their genesis in both internal professional developments and external social, political, and legal pressures on the field. Perspectives on the current status and potential future of the profession of school psychology, as derived from the literature, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A reappraisal of Wundt's influence on social psychology.

Discusses the social psychology of Wundt and its link to current developments in the constructionist movement in modern psychology. The historical lines of descent from Wundt's experimental psychology to American behaviorist social psychology are traced, and the relationship between Wundt's (1911) Volkerpsychologie to the social scientists who kept alive Wundt's social psychological orientation and who figure as antecedents of postmodern constructionism is delineated. With historical hindsight, the behaviorist program for social psychology may now be seen as an aberrant detour around the fundamental questions of social psychology. The questions asked by Wundt appear to be perennial questions. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theory and Research on Practices, Theory and Research as Practices: Hermeneutics and Psychological Inquiry.

What are the implications for theory and research in psychology of a hermeneutic perspective that takes practices as its starting point notion? The author addresses this wide-ranging issue by considering a number of specific questions in turn, including, among others, whether the hermeneutic perspective leads to rejecting systematic, quantitative research methods; whether it leads to the conclusion that efforts at theory and research provide us with an understanding of human behavior that is arbitrary; and whether a practices-based perspective points to a way of pursuing inquiry in psychology that is better than proceeding along the lines of mainstream psychology. The answers to these questions include a number of surprises, especially regarding how the hermeneutic perspective contrasts with mainstream psychology and how it differs from social constructionism. The author also identifies challenging issues for adherents of the hermeneutic perspective, including, in particular, issues concerning the limits of what we can know about psychological phenomena. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of work in psychological health and well-being: A conceptual, historical, and public policy perspective.

The primary theme of this article, which serves as the introductory contribution of a special section of the American Psychologist, is that work plays a central role in the development, expression, and maintenance of psychological health. The argument underlying this assumption is articulated at the outset of the article in conjunction with a historical review of vocational psychology and industrial/organizational psychology. The article follows with an overview of contemporary vocational psychology and a presentation of the psychology-of-working perspective, which has emerged from critiques of vocational psychology and from multicultural, feminist, and expanded epistemological analyses of psychological explorations of working. Three illustrative lines of inquiry in which research has affected the potential for informing public policy are presented. These three lines of scholarship (role of work in recovery from mental illness; occupational health psychology; and working, racism, and psychological health) are reviewed briefly to furnish exemplars of how the psychological study of working can inform public policy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking.

Research on men's help seeking yields strategies for enhancing men's use of mental and physical health resources. Analysis of the assumptions underlying existing theory and research also provides a context for evaluating the psychology of men and masculinity as an evolving area of social scientific inquiry. The authors identify several theoretical and methodological obstacles that limit understanding of the variable ways that men do or do not seek help from mental and physical health care professionals. A contextual framework is developed by exploring how the socialization and social construction of masculinities transact with social psychological processes common to a variety of potential help-seeking contexts. This approach begins to integrate the psychology of men and masculinity with theory and methodology from other disciplines and suggests innovative ways to facilitate adaptive help seeking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of The Persistent Problems of Psychology.

Reviews the book, The Persistent Problems of Psychology by Robert B. MacLeod (see record 1976-25095-000). This book demonstrates the relevance of historical inquiry to the contemporary study of psychological issues. The exposition is direct enough to make this book an excellent introduction for those who are new to the history of psychology. The depth of MacLeod's scholarship makes this relevant and interesting reading for people already acquainted with the subject. The book is organized so as to elaborate on persistent substantive and methodological themes as they have emerged in successive historical periods. The persistent problems of psychology provides a sensitive and scholarly introduction to the history of psychology. More important, it gives an intellectual framework within which to think about historical and systematic psychological issues. Above all, MacLeod believed in dialogue and debate. This book is his invitation to reconsider and re-examine current fashionable conceptions of psychology against the views and perspectives of the past. This is most practical advice. The persistent problems of psychology transcend any particular manifestation. In the study of these past forms, we glimpse something of psychology's inevitable intellectual future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituary: Rensis Likert (1903-1981).

The coherence of Rensis Likert's contributions to psychology is not widely known or appreciated. To some he is known as the entrepreneurial leader of a large research institution, to others as one preoccupied with the technology of social inquiry, to others as an exponent of the utility of psychology and an applied psychologist par excellence, and to others as a substantive contributor to social psychological theory and knowledge. All of these images are valid. Their unity derives from his conception of the problems most worth attention and how one could deal with them. He considered the most pressing contemporary problems to be those concerning the relationship of persons to their organized societal contexts. He greatly extended our methodological resources for studying populations in context, created institutions to foster such work, and developed ideas that help not only to understand person-context relationships but also to aid the design of social contexts that optimize the development and humane use of human resources. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Les tribulations de la psychologie sociale en France.

Describes the history of social psychology in France, with an emphasis on barriers to the development of this discipline. These barriers include (1) the debate concerning the primacy of individual or social factors, (2) denial of the autonomy of social psychology by related disciplines, and (3) conflicts between social psychology practitioners and researchers. The splintering of social psychology after a period of growth between 1955 and 1970 is discussed, and the need for unity and formation of a strong professional identity is emphasized. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

After the facts: Psychology and the study of gender.

Over the past 30 years, psychologists have developed diverse approaches for studying women and gender. One approach, the study of gender differences, assesses the attributes and characteristics of men and women. A second approach conceptualizes gender not in terms of individual difference, but in contextual terms. It focuses attention on social relations, interactive processes, and linguistic practices which structure relations between men and women. Some workers have drawn on qualitative and discursive approaches to explore the processes and practices that produce gender. A third approach, which the author calls feminist skepticism, draws upon postmodern thought and critical psychology. It views psychology and cultural life as mutually constitutive, and examines psychology as a cultural artifact. Workers have also explored how the social relations and work conditions in the field have shaped knowledge. Feminist psychology has yielded a rich body of knowledge about gender, innovative modes of inquiry, and new understandings about psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Innocence Abroad: A Pocket Guide to Psychological Research on Tourism.

This article introduces tourism as a neglected topic of study for psychologists and discusses how ventures into this area provide opportunities for pioneering research and innovative applications. A coherent body of theory, drawn from experimental, social, and health psychology and synthesized by cross-cultural psychologists for the study of acculturation, is presented as one foundation for this area of inquiry. This includes stress and coping, culture learning, and social identification theories. The conceptual frameworks are applied to the interpretation of selected studies of tourism and are recommended for designing prospective investigations and guiding future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Historiography of psychology in Brazil: Pioneer works, recent developments.

The evolution of the historiography of psychology in Brazil is surveyed, to describe how the field has evolved from the seminal works of the pioneer, mostly self-taught, psychologists, to the now professional historians working from a variety of theoretical models and methods of inquiry. The first accounts of the history of psychology written by Brazilians and by foreigners are surveyed, as well as the recent works made by researchers linked to the Work Group on the History of Psychology of the Brazilian Association of Research and Graduate Education in Psychology and published in periodicals such as Memorandum and Mnemosine. The present historiography focuses mainly the relationship of psychological knowledge to specific social and cultural conditions, emphasizing themes such as women's participation in the construction of the field, the development of psychology as a science and as a profession in education and health, and the development of psychology as an expression of Brazilian culture and of the experience of resistance of local communities to domination. To reveal this process of identity construction, a cultural historiography is an important tool, coupled with methodological pluralism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Linguistic isolation of American social psychology: A comparative study of journal citations.

Examined articles in 9 social psychology (SP) journals from 5-yr intervals between 1945 and 1970 to determine the extent of linguistic isolation in SP, the historical development of isolation, and the extent of isolation relative to other scientific disciplines. Results indicate that 98.2% of citations were to English language sources and that US social sciences tend to be linguistically isolated in comparison to US physical sciences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Robert Campbell Davis (1925–1999).

Presents an obituary for Robert Campbell Davis. Davis was known for his role in helping to organize APA's Division of the History of Psychology, and serving as its delegate to the APA Council in the early 1970s. During his lifetime, he served as a conscientious objector to U.S. involvement in World War II, tested treatments for malaria at the Illinois State Penitentiary, earned degrees in sociology and social psychology, and carried out an early influential study of evolving public attitudes toward science. He taught sociology and criminology, and directed research in sociology of science, at Case Institute of Technology, which later became Case Western Reserve University, in Cleveland. After assuming emeritus status in 1992, he focused his historical interests on the antebellum Black elite of New York City. Davis died in 1999. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Psychology" or "the psychological studies"?

On both historical and principled grounds, the author has long argued that psychology cannot be a single or coherent discipline, whether conceived in scientific or sui generis terms. Instead, the desirability of renaming psychology as the psychological studies has been argued. The present article is a synoptic review of the basis for such a position and its entailments for the future. These are seen to be rather inviting ones for all competent persons engaged in psychological inquiry. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituary: Arthur A. Lumsdaine (1913–1989).

Arthur Allen Lumsdaine, who died on May 1, 1989, made major contributions to social and educational psychology. He was part of the post-World War II wave of experimental psychologists who moved psychology in new, widely applicable directions. In social psychology, he helped open up the experimental investigation of attitude change. Later in his career, he recognized the potential of teaching machines and programmed instruction and furthered their development. Art was a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as well as of the American Psychological Association (APA). He served as a member of the APA's Board of Scientific Affairs (1967-1970), was President of the Division of Educational Psychology (1968-1969), and was an Associate Editor of Contemporary Psychology for eight years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Everyday knowledge in the history of social psychology: Styles and traditions of research in Germany, France and the United States.

The role of everyday knowledge in all empirical research is present both at the start and the end of all research. Current national styles in the study of everyday knowledge are described, as are their origins in the history of social psychology. The analysis of subjective theories in Germany and the study of cultural models as a major approach in the US are contrasted with the typically French research on social representations. Studies of everyday knowledge concerning health and illness are used as an example to which all 3 approaches are applied. Suggestions are made for research on everyday knowledge for a historical social psychology leading to a comprehensive social psychology of knowledge. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The place of personality and social structure research in social psychology.

In this article, I examine the relevance of the personality and social structure perspective for social psychology. A brief historical review summarizes earlier studies in this tradition and examines the limitations of these previous works, particularly the failure to explicate the linkages between individuals and their social worlds. At the same time, significant strengths of the personality and social structure perspective are emphasized, especially the concern with how normative culture influences people's values, beliefs, and behaviors, areas traditionally neglected in mainstream social psychology. Thus, the objective of the article is to describe the ways in which the personality and social structure perspective both contributes to and benefits from greater discourse with traditional domains of social psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)