耐热冲击磷酸协陶瓷材料力学性能的研究

利用共沉淀法和低分子有机溶剂分散获得了ＳＺＰ、ＣＺＰ以及ＫＺＰ粉体,粒径０．８－１．５μｍ,制得了ＳＺＰ、ＣＺＰ和ＫＺＰ陶瓷。研究了其力学性能添加剂用量、烧结温度、烧结时间的关系。最佳工艺条件为：添加剂ＭｇＯ用量１ｗｔ％－３ｗｔ％;烧结温度１２００－１３００℃;烧结时间１－２ｈ,ＣＺＰ、ＳＺＰ有ＫＺＰ的抗压强度分别达到了１５７．４ＭＰａ、１６４．８ＭＰａ和１０５．６ＭＰａ。     

耐热冲击磷酸盐陶瓷材料力学性能的研究

利用共沉淀法和低分子有机溶剂分散获得了ＳＺＰ、ＣＺＰ以及ＫＺＰ粉体,粒径为０８～１５μｍ,制得了ＳＺＰ、ＣＺＰ和ＫＺＰ陶瓷。研究了其力学性能与添加剂用量、烧结温度、烧结时间的关系。最佳工艺条件为：添加剂ＭｇＯ用量１ｗｔ％～３ｗｔ％;烧结温度１２００～１３００℃;烧结时间１～２ｈ,ＣＺＰ、ＳＺＰ和ＫＺＰ的抗压强度分别达到了１５７４ＭＰａ、１６４８ＭＰａ和１０５６ＭＰａ。     

新型NZP族磷酸盐陶瓷Ca1-xBaxZr4(PO4)6的合成及其性能研究

用共沉淀法合成了Ｃａ１－ｘＢａｘＺｒ４（ＰＯ４）６（０〈ｘ〈１）系列ＮＺＰ族陶瓷的粉体,添加３ｗｔ％的ＭｇＯ,在５０～１００ＭＰａ下干压成型,分别在１３００℃下无压烧结１～２ｈ,制成ＣＢＺＰ系列陶瓷材料。对这些材料分别进行太强度测试,用扫描电镜观察了显微结构,测定了室温１０００℃的平均线膨胀系数。其中ＣａＺｒ４（ＰＯ４）６（ｘ＝０）和ＢａＺｒ４（ＰＯ４）６（ｘ＝１）的抗压强度分别达１５７．４ＭＰａ     

CaO—SiO2—P2O5—H2O系统中CBC材料的溶胶—凝胶过程研究：II.凝胶的…

利用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ及＾２９Ｓｉ，＾３１Ｐ－ＮＭＲ等测试技术研究了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｐ２Ｏ５－Ｈ２Ｏ系统中干凝胶在烧成过程中的物相变化及物相间发生的化学反应，认为凝胶在烧成过程的不同阶段发生的主要化学反应如下：（１）６７３～７７３Ｋ，由Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７和Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２．４Ｈ２Ｏ反应生成了ＯＨＡｐ；（２）７３３～８７３Ｋ，由Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７和ＣａＯ反应生成了β－Ｃ３Ｐ；（３）８７３～９７３Ｋ；由Ｃ     

添加剂Y_2O_3对Mg-PSZ显微结构及力学性能的影响

研究了添加Ｙ２Ｏ３对ＭｇＰＳＺ显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,ＭｇＰＳＺ中引入Ｙ２Ｏ３有利于降低烧结温度,促进立方化完全,但烧结体的力学性能有所降低。在１４００℃下热处理,（Ｍｇ,Ｙ）ＰＳＺ材料与ＭｇＰＳＺ一样发生ｃＺｒＯ２→ｔＺｒＯ２的析出过程,析出纺锤状四方ＺｒＯ２晶体。１４００℃热处理１０ｈ获得最大抗弯强度达６４８ＭＰａ,断裂韧性Ｋ１ｃ为８．３ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２。Ｙ２Ｏ３的加入使获得优异力学性能的热处理范围变宽,因而工艺上容易控制。但Ｙ２Ｏ３加入过多使析出困难。最佳加入量为１．０％（摩尔百分数）。Ｙ２Ｏ３的加入还使材料的Ｗｅｉｂｕｌ模数增高至１８．４６,表明（Ｍｇ,Ｙ）ＰＳＺ经热处理后能消除内部缺陷,使材料可靠性提高。     

理化因子对嗜盐隐杆藻细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响

比较不同ＮａＣｌ、Ｃａ２＋、ＰＯ３－４等离子浓度对嗜盐隐杆藻（Ａｐｈａｎｏｔｈｅｃｅｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｉｃａ）细胞生长及胞外多糖（Ｅｘｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃ－ｃｈａｒｉｄｅＥＰＳ）产量的影响。在各影响因子不同浓度的培养条件下,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、１．０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．１ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４分别是其最佳生长浓度。ＥＰＳ的产量在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ、,０．５ｇ／ＬＣａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．５ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４培养条件下最高。在较低的Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、ＰＯ３－４浓度下可提高ＥＰＳ产率。     

LSZP陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能

研究了ＬｉＺｒ２Ｐ３Ｏ１２（ＬＺＰ－ＳｒＺｒ４Ｐ６Ｏ２４（ＳＺＰ）系统陶瓷（ＬＳＺＰ）的显微结构和力学性能，发现了一种具有原位自补强显微结构特征的ＬＳＺＰ材料，陶瓷的烧结臻密度越高，其力学性能也越好，探讨了添加Ｎｂ２Ｏ５对ＬＳＺＰ陶瓷结构和性能的影响。     

“1K和3K T300级PAN基碳纤维原丝的研制”项目通过专家论证

由吉化集团公司和北京化工大学联合承担的ＩＫ和３ＫＴ３００级ＰＡＮ基碳纤维原丝的研制项目,已于１９９９年吕月２０日通过专家的论证。其工艺路线拟选用以ＤＭＳＯ为溶剂的溶液聚合直接湿法纺丝和后加工的方法,在这方面北京化工大学拥有ＤＭＦ法和ＤＭＳＯ法制造ＰＡＮ基碳纤维原丝的小试经验,所烧出的碳纤维强度水平各为４．０～４．２ＭＰａ和３．０ＧＰａ,而吉化集团公司拥有ＨＮＣＯ３法连续溶液聚合直接纺丝的ＰＡＮ原丝中试技术,并拥有１０ｔ／ａ的碳化试验线,可为今后的９ｉ／ａ的ＤＭＳＯ法ＰＡＮ原丝提供产品的最终评价。…     

CaO-SiO_2-P_2O_5-H_2O系统中CBC材料的溶胶凝胶过程研究 Ⅱ凝胶的烧成过程

利用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ及２９Ｓｉ，３１ＰＮＭＲ等测试技术研究了ＣａＯＳｉＯ２Ｐ２Ｏ５Ｈ２Ｏ系统中干凝胶在烧成过程中的物相变化及物相间发生的化学反应。认为凝胶在烧成过程的不同阶段发生的主要化学反应如下：（１）６７３～７７３Ｋ：由Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７和Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ反应生成了ＯＨＡｐ；（２）７７３～８７３Ｋ：由Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７和ＣａＯ反应生成了βＣ３Ｐ；（３）８７３～９７３Ｋ：由ＣａＯ和ＳｉＯ２反应生成βＣ２Ｓ。因此粉末材料的主要晶相有：ＯＨＡｐ，βＣ３Ｐ和βＣ２Ｓ，其中Ｓｉ和Ｐ之间有相互固溶现象。     

固体超强酸SO4^2—／ZrO2催化合成硬脂酸聚乙二醇400单酯的研究

报道了用固体超强酸ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２（自制）催化合成硬脂酸聚乙二醇４００单酯（ＰＥＧ４００ＭＳ）。用正交试验方法研究了反应因素对ＰＥＧ４００ＭＳ产率的影响,试验表明,固体超强酸ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ对ＰＥＧ４００ＭＳ的合成有很高的选择性和催化活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。