共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
以甲烷为碳源,316号不锈钢网为催化剂,800℃下催化裂解甲烷,采用化学气相沉积法制备平均粒径为70~100nm纳米洋葱碳,通过酸洗-低温煅烧-磁选方法对洋葱碳进行纯化处理。X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和振动样品磁强计对样品的形貌结构、物相组成及磁性能进行表征分析。结果表明,酸洗-低温煅烧能有效去除初产物中裸露的催化剂颗粒及无定型碳,磁选则实现将内包有[Fe-Ni]磁性催化剂的洋葱碳与空心的洋葱碳分离,最终获得纯净的空心纳米洋葱碳。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
直流碳弧等离子体法制备碳包覆铁纳米颗粒研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在惰性保护气氛下,采用直流碳弧等离子体法成功制备了碳包覆铁纳米颗粒,并利用x射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应选区电子衍射(ED)等测试手段,对样品的化学成分、形貌、物相结构、粒度等特征进行表征分析.实验结果表明:直流碳弧等离子体技术制备的碳包覆纳米金属颗粒具有明显的核-壳结构,内核金属结晶度较高,外壳碳为类石墨层结构,颗粒大多呈球形和椭球形,粒径分布在20nm~60nm范围,平均粒径为44nm. 相似文献
5.
6.
乙醇火焰燃烧制备螺旋碳纳米纤维及结构分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用乙醇火焰燃烧, 借助于基板材料上涂敷锡盐作为催化剂前驱体, 制备了螺旋结构碳纳米纤维; 借助于扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、XRD和拉曼光谱等分析了螺旋碳纤维的形貌和结构. 螺旋碳纳米纤维螺旋直径约为100nm, 纤维直径约为50nm, 螺距约80nm. 螺旋碳纤维的石墨层方向基本垂直于轴向, 近似鱼骨型结构, 相邻碳层间距为0.34nm. 借助于高分辨电子显微镜分析了螺旋碳纳米纤维的形成机理, 认为碳原子沿催化剂SnO2各晶面析出速度不同是形成螺旋碳纳米纤维的主要原因. 相似文献
7.
纳米金属微粒催化制备的洋葱状富勒烯的结构表征 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
采用金属Cu,Al做粒/石墨混合材料.用直流电弧放电方法制备了洋葱状富勒烯。对两种产物进行了XRD、SEM、HRTEM和Raman结构表征。结果表明:两种纳米金属微粒均可催化得到洋葱状富勒烯;所得产物中有单纯洋葱状富勒烯和内包纳米金属微粒洋葱状富勒烯,且石墨化程度都很高;纳米金属微粒尺寸大小不同决定洋葱状富勒烯的直径分布不均匀,从而造成其拉曼谱峰相对于石墨特征峰1582cm^-1发生了频移;用汽-液-固(VLS)生长模型描述了洋葱状富勒烯生长机理,解释了汽态碳原子通过在液态催化剂中扩散和析出,逐渐长大成形的现象。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
Dewu Lin Shuchen Zhang Weiming Liu Yue Yu Jin Zhang 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(35)
Scale‐up production of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with high quality and purity is in pursuit, since the subsequent post purification treatment of residual metal or amorphous carbon is complicated and restricts further applications. Here, a compatible method to efficiently synthesize pure SWNTs on various supporters by using the precarburized Fe/Ni catalysts is reported. The preparation of catalysts is achieved by gas phase deposition together with CO gas at proper temperature, and the carburization of metal particles occurring simultaneously contributes to the size limitation of catalysts. By using micro‐quartz sand as a recyclable supporter, high‐quality SWNTs with a yield of 50 mg h?1 are prepared with 60% metal precursor utilization, 81% carbon source utilization, and only 0.12% (m/m) metal residues. Taking advantage of carburized Fe/Ni catalysts and appropriate supports makes it possible to balance the quantity, purity, and quality among SWNTs growth. Furthermore, this method provides a straightforward pathway to strongly combine SWNTs and diverse composite materials for further potential applications. 相似文献
12.
以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O为催化剂前躯体,原位催化裂解酚醛树脂制备了碳洋葱、竹节碳和碳纳米管等低维碳纳米结构;用粉体X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段对低维碳纳米结构进行了表征。结果表明;当Ni(NO3)2·6H2O与苯酚物质量比小于0.01时,Ni催化剂易分散,碳纳米管易生成,管径均一、分布稠密;当Ni(NO3)2·6H2O与苯酚物质量比大于0.04时,Ni催化剂易团聚,碳纳米管管径分布较宽,分布稀疏;当Ni(NO3)2·6H2O与苯酚物质量比为0.10时,Ni催化剂团聚现象严重,难以生成碳纳米管;提出了碳洋葱、竹节碳和碳纳米管不同碳纳米结构可能的形成机理。 相似文献
13.
采用柠檬酸络合法制得不同 Fe 含量的 Fe/MgO 催化剂,并将其应用到气相沉积(CVD)过程中制备磁性碳纳米管。由 CVD 法制备碳纳米管(CNTs)的生长机理,利用碳管在生长过程中原位包裹磁性 Fe 金属氧化物颗粒进入管内的现象,使碳纳米管具有磁性,从而一步制得了磁性碳纳米管。将制得的磁性碳纳米管采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(IR)、低温 N2吸附仪(BET)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)等表征方法进行了测试。结果表明通过这种新型的一步法可以成功地原位包裹 Fe 制得碳纳米管,且制得的碳纳米管具有较强磁性和较大的比表面积,表面引入了功能化基团。 相似文献
14.
Fe Isolated Single Atoms on S,N Codoped Carbon by Copolymer Pyrolysis Strategy for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction 下载免费PDF全文
Qiheng Li Wenxing Chen Hai Xiao Yue Gong Zhi Li Lirong Zheng Xusheng Zheng Wensheng Yan Weng‐Chon Cheong Rongan Shen Ninghua Fu Lin Gu Zhongbin Zhuang Chen Chen Dingsheng Wang Qing Peng Jun Li Yadong Li 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(25)
Heteroatom‐doped Fe‐NC catalyst has emerged as one of the most promising candidates to replace noble metal‐based catalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, delicate controls over their structure parameters to optimize the catalytic efficiency and molecular‐level understandings of the catalytic mechanism are still challenging. Herein, a novel pyrrole–thiophene copolymer pyrolysis strategy to synthesize Fe‐isolated single atoms on sulfur and nitrogen‐codoped carbon (Fe‐ISA/SNC) with controllable S, N doping is rationally designed. The catalytic efficiency of Fe‐ISA/SNC shows a volcano‐type curve with the increase of sulfur doping. The optimized Fe‐ISA/SNC exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.896 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), which is more positive than those of Fe‐isolated single atoms on nitrogen codoped carbon (Fe‐ISA/NC, 0.839 V), commercial Pt/C (0.841 V), and most reported nonprecious metal catalysts. Fe‐ISA/SNC is methanol tolerable and shows negligible activity decay in alkaline condition during 15 000 voltage cycles. X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the incorporated sulfur engineers the charges on N atoms surrounding the Fe reactive center. The enriched charge facilitates the rate‐limiting reductive release of OH* and therefore improved the overall ORR efficiency. 相似文献
15.
16.
重油残渣基新型碳功能材料的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了以重油残渣为原料,采用化学气相沉积法、共炭化法和微波等离子体法可控制备气相生长碳纤维、碳微球、内包铁洋葱状富勒烯、纳米碳管、内包金属碳微米颗粒及定向碳纳米薄膜等各种高附加值碳材料;采用等离子体氧化法、酸处理法、化学还原法等方法对气相生长碳纤维和碳微球进行表面修饰,在产物表面引入含氧官能团,解决了可溶性碳材料的制备问题;在碳微球表面引入Pt纳米颗粒,使重油残渣基新型碳材料在表面修饰和功能化后可望成为性能优异的吸附和催化材料. 相似文献
17.
高结晶度DMC催化二氧化碳-环氧丙烷共聚 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
合成了钴锌双金属氰化络合物(Co-Zn DMC)和铁锌双金属氰化络合物(Fe-Zn DMC),元素分析和粉末X射线衍射对其表征结果为高结晶度DMC催化剂。用这两种催化剂分别催化二氧化碳-环氧丙烷共聚,均表现出极高的催化效率,并对产物用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)等方法进行表征。100℃反应15h,Co-Zn DMC的催化效率达7000gPolym/g Cat,碳酸酯键含量为45%,-Mn=35900。80℃反应15h,Fe-Zn DMC的催化效率为410gPolym/g Cat,碳酸酯键含量为71%,M-n=13300。通过DSC分析,共聚物的Tg随碳酸酯键含量的增加明显上升。 相似文献
18.
19.
Santosh K. Singh Kotaro Takeyasu Junji Nakamura 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2019,31(13)
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a core reaction for electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR catalysts have been limited to platinum, which meets the requirements of high activity and durability. Over the last few decades, a variety of materials have been tested as non‐Pt catalysts, from metal–organic complex molecules to metal‐free catalysts. In particular, nitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon materials, including N‐doped graphene and N‐doped carbon nanotubes, have been extensively studied. However, due to the lack of understanding of the reaction mechanism and conflicting knowledge of the catalytic active sites, carbon‐based catalysts are still under the development stage of achieving a performance similar to Pt‐based catalysts. In addition to the catalytic viewpoint, designing mass transport pathways is required for O2. Recently, the importance of pyridinic N for the creation of active sites for ORR and the requirement of hydrophobicity near the active sites have been reported. Based on the increased knowledge in controlling ORR performances, bottom‐up preparation of N‐doped carbon catalysts, using N‐containing conjugative molecules as the assemblies of the catalysts, is promising. Here, the recent understanding of the active sites and the mechanism of ORRs on N‐doped carbon catalysts are reviewed. 相似文献
20.
炭黑是一种廉价且具有高导电性的氧还原催化剂, 可应用于微生物燃料电池(MFCs)的阴极。然而, 纯炭黑的催化性能较差, 不能满足实际应用需求。为了提高炭黑的催化性能, 以氯化铁(FeCl3)和三聚氰胺作为Fe源和N源按一定比例与炭黑混合共炭化, 对炭黑进行改性处理。结果表明, 当Fe-N与炭黑的质量比例为2.6∶1时, MFCs的输出功率密度达到最高值, 为1395 mW/m2, 比Pt/C催化剂(876 mW/m2)提高了59%。SEM观察到炭黑基体上形成了椭圆形或柱状晶体, XRD和XPS测试结果显示是在共炭化过程中生成的Fe3C晶体, 引入了吡啶氮和石墨氮, 在催化剂表面形成更多的活性位点, 这是复合催化剂性能提升的关键因素。随着Fe-N比例的提高, 复合催化剂的导电性和比表面积逐渐下降, 从另一方面又限制了其性能的提升。综上所述, 氯化铁、三聚氰胺和炭黑共炭化制备的复合催化剂是一种具有良好性价比的MFCs阴极催化剂, 可在规模化应用中发挥更大作用。 相似文献