面向MANET云平台应用的多目标蚁群优化AODV路由协议

为增强网络中路由的稳健性,提出了一种优化的AODV路由协议,结合多目标优化和蚁群优化选择最优路由。首先,计算各节点的传输距离、进展、传输延迟、方向和生存时间5个度量;然后,以传输距离、传输延迟和方向3个度量的最小化,以及进展和生存时间两个度量的最大化为优化目标,构造蚁群算法中的移动概率函数,并结合局部最优路径更新全局信息素;此后,在AODV路由协议的基础上,选择移动概率最大的节点作为最佳下一跳节点,生成最优路由。最后,在部署的大学区实验云模型平台上进行了验证。仿真结果表明,与AODV和EN-AODV路由协议相比,新路由协议的报文送达率更高,同时端到端的平均时延和路由开销更小。     

MRABM:一种新的基于mesh结构的多径路由算法

针对移动AdHoc网络提出了一种新的基于mesh结构的多径路由算法MRABM(MultipathRoutingAlgorithmBasedonMeshStructure),该算法采用目的节点建立和更新mesh结构的机制。该算法不仅为每个源节点、中间节点提供了到目的节点最优路径,而且为每个节点建立了到目的节点的多条路径。当节点移动造成链路断开时,该算法能避开断开的链路,迅速沿其它路径转发数据,不需要路由修复和路由重建过程,从而降低了丢包率和端到端的延时。对大流量数据的传输,该算法能有效利用网络资源,减少网络拥塞。因此该算法能很好地适应网络拓扑结构的动态变化。     

在线多点广播路由的动态方法探讨

多点广播是网络支持多媒体业务的关键技术之一。在线多点广播问题是指组中的成员加入或离开后多点广播路由树的更新问题。本文以服务质量（QoS)指标中的带宽和时延为优化选路准则，提出了一种受限的动态多点广播路由算法，仿真结果证明了该算法比传统算法更简洁。     

一种基于路径跟踪反馈的SDN网络可信传输方案

针对软件定义网络(SDN)中的转发设备存在不可避免的漏洞和后门、缺乏主动监测或被动检查网络行为的机制等问题,提出一种基于路径跟踪反馈的SDN网络可信传输方案,设计基于跟踪反馈的传输路径可信验证机制,依据反馈信息分析节点的可信性,以此评估路径的可信度;同时,提出一种基于路径跟踪反馈的不相交多路径可信路由算法DMTRA-PTF,能够通过路径跟踪反馈和可信评估引导新的路径及时规避恶意交换机节点,构造不相交多路径路由方案以增强SDN网络传输服务的可信性。对比实验结果表明,路径跟踪反馈机制能够以较小的性能代价准确识别恶意交换机,提出的可信路由算法能够以此为后续路由动态规划不相交多条可信路径,有效提升网络整体的可信性。     

基于ODMRP的分布式核心稳定路由算法

在无人机网络中,由于节点具有较强的移动性,对于组播路由的建立以及组播组的划分提出更高要求,一般的组播路由协议往往无法满足网络需求.为此,提出了一种基于ODMRP的分布式核心稳定路由算法.该算法结合了改进贪婪机制,根据路由状况对路径进行优化,为了降低源节点的数据处理负担,提出了分布式核心节点选择机制,将组播组的信息储存在多个核心节点中,同时释放了转发节点的储存空间.文章通过路由抢修机制,监控路由状态变化,对即将断裂的路由提前修复,保证了路径的有效性.仿真表明,该算法与标准的ODMRP算法及改进算法VCMP算法相比,能够优化传输路径,降低端到端时延,提高分组交付率,提升网络性能.     

多QoS约束的层次多播路由算法框架

为了解决网络路由的扩展性问题。大型网络通常被划分成若干个不同的域。拓扑聚集是对这些域的拓扑状态信息进行汇总的过程。在拓扑聚集的基础上，QoS层次多播路由算法用来构造满足QoS要求的域闻多播树。现有的QoS层次多播路由算法在其拓扑聚集和路径计算的过程中都只考虑了存在两个QoS特征值的情况。本文提出了一种具有多QoS约束的层次多播路由算法框架HMRMQ（Hierarchical Multicast Routing with Multiple QoS constraints），此算法框架不仅为基于多QoS特征值的拓扑状态聚集和状态信息表示提供了新的方法，而且提出了一种适应于多QoS约束的层次多播路由新算法。我们提出的状态信息表示法和拓扑聚集算法都具有很好的扩展性，分布式的路由算法也便于某些安全性策略的实施。理论分析和实验结果不仅证明了HMRMQ的正确性和有效性，同时也表明了HMRMQ在网络路由的扩展性、路由成功率、网络代价以及报文负载等方面都具有良好的性能。     

Multicast Routing Optimization Algorithm with Bandwidth and Delay Constraints Based on GA

Most of the multimedia applications require strict QoS guarantee during the communication between a single source and multiple destinations. This gives rise to the need for an efficient QoS multicast routing strategy. Determination of such QoS-based optimal multicast routes basically leads to a multi-objective optimization problem, which is computationally intractable in polynomial time due to the uncertainty of resources in networks. This paper proposes a new multicast routing optimization algorithm based on Genetic Algorithms, which find the low-cost multicasting tree with bandwidth and delay constraints. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to find a better solution, fast convergence speed and high reliability. It can meet the real-time requirement in multimedia communication networks. The scalability and the performance of the algorithm with increasing number of network nodes are also quite encouraged.     

拍卖博弈模型在无线传感器网络路由中的应用研究

为了提高无线传感器网络数据转发的可靠性及能量利用率,本文基于拍卖博弈建立了拍卖路由博弈模型,并提出一种进行转发节点选择的价格路由博弈算法.在算法中潜在的转发节点为了从发送节点获得虚拟货币而相互竞争,发送节点根据各个转发节点的标价选择最佳转发节点.实验仿真表明拍卖路由博弈模型的合理、有效,提出的价格路由博弈算法能够降低节点的能量消耗,延长网络的生命周期.     

基于路灯单灯状态监控的无线链状网络路由算法的研究

基于路灯单灯状态监控的无线传感器网络应用,钟对链状网络节点负载不均衡和网络节点能量有限的问题进行分析和研究,提出一种适合该应用的新型路由算法,这种新型路由算法根据网络节点可通过功率控制来调整通信距离的前提下,合适的数据传输路径被每个传感器节点选择,使整个网络达到能耗节省,负载均衡的目的.通过仿真验证这种新型路由算法有效...     

基于本地信任系统的可靠动态源路由协议

移动Ad hoc 网自组织、移动性等特性为组网带来便利的同时也增加了路由管理的难度.针对现有可靠路由算法解决问题具有局限性以及获取链路评价信息低效等问题,在DSR(dynamic source routing)协议基础上提出了基于本地信任系统的可靠路由协议(reliable routing protocol based on local trust system,简称TR-DSR).TR-DSR 协议选择路由时,综合考虑路由上各节点和各链路的可靠信任度,并在路由建立过程中利用这些信息,在确保找到可靠路由的基础上降低寻路开销.同时,为了防止自私节点对信任系统评价正确性的影响,提出了基于GTFT(generous tit fortat)策略的激励节点推荐响应行为的DFR(decide forwarding recommendation)算法.仿真实验结果表明,在节点频繁移动和存在大量自私节点的网络中,该协议的性能优势明显,验证了TR-DSR 协议的可靠性.     

基于免疫多目标优化的网络组播路由选择*

为了求得综合性能最优的网络组播路径,提出了一种基于免疫多目标优化的求解方法。算法综合考虑代价、延时、带宽等多个因素;构造了免疫基因库,加快了算法的收敛速度;抗体编码采用实值树型编码,简化了操作;设计了针对此问题的变异算子。实验结果表明,本算法可以较快地求得总体性能最优的网络组播路由,并能提供更多的优良方案。     

一种无线链状网络路由算法的研究与应用

文章基于货运列车状态监控的无线传感器网络应用,针对网络节点能量有限以及链状网络节点负载不均衡的问题进行分析和研究,提出一种适合该应用的新型路由算法,该算法基于网络节点可通过功率控制来调整通信距离这一前提,为每个传感器节点选择合适的数据传输路径,以达到整个网络节省能耗,负载均衡的目的。仿真结果验证了该算法有效地平衡了网络负载,节省了网络能量,提高了网络生命周期。     

基于不同树策略的多播路由算法

提出选择不同的树路由作为多播通信方案,以获得较低的综合代价保证网络负载均衡。由于多播路由的最优选择问题在多项式时间内难以求解,提出一种使用遗传算法的路由算法来同时优化不同的服务质量指标,计算产生出几种路由树。模拟结果和分析表明这种基于不同树策略的路由算法具有较好的性能效果。     

The performance of a hybrid routing intelligent algorithm in a mobile ad hoc network

End-to-end delay, power consumption, and communication cost are some of the most important metrics in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) when routing from a source to a destination. Recent approaches using the swarm intelligence (SI) technique proved that the local interaction of several simple agents to meet a global goal has a significant impact on MANET routing. In this work, a hybrid routing intelligent algorithm that has an ant colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm and particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is used to improve the various metrics in MANET routing. The ACO algorithm uses mobile agents as ants to identify the most feasible and best path in a network. Additionally, the ACO algorithm helps to locate paths between two nodes in a network and provides input to the PSO technique, which is a metaheuristic approach in SI. The PSO finds the best solution for a particle’s position and velocity and minimises cost, power, and end-to-end delay. This hybrid routing intelligent algorithm has an improved performance when compared with the simple ACO algorithm in terms of delay, power consumption, and communication cost.     

Multi-constraint multi-objective QoS aware routing heuristics for query driven sensor networks using fuzzy soft sets

In this paper, a fuzzy based distributed power aware routing scheme considering both energy and bandwidth constraints, especially for query driven applications in the asynchronous duty-cycled wireless sensor networks are devised. The proposed multi-constraint, multi-objective routing optimization approach under strict resource constraints guarantees reliability and fast data delivery along with efficient power management in spite of unreliable wireless links and limited power supply. In query driven applications, the request from the sink to the individual sensor node will be a broadcast message, whereas the individual sensor nodes replies back to sink as unicast messages. In the proposed work, the fuzzy approach and “A Star” algorithm are utilized for satisfying energy and bandwidth constraints to route the broadcast messages of the sink while querying all the sensor nodes in the network. Every node will be provided with a guidance list, which is used to decide the next best neighbor node with good route quality for forwarding the received multi-hop broadcast messages. The route quality of the every node is estimated with fuzzy rules based on the network parameters such as maximum remaining energy, minimum traffic load and better link quality to increase the network lifetime. The provision of overhearing the broadcast messages and acknowledgements within the transmission range minimizes the effort to search for the active time of nodes while routing the broadcast messages with asynchronous scheduling. Further, in the proposed work only the time slot of its nearest neighbor relay node (to which packets are to be forwarded) is learnt to reduce the number of message transmissions in the network. For the unicast message replies, the fuzzy membership function is modified and devised based on the routing metrics such as higher residual energy, minimum traffic loads and minimum hop count under energy and bandwidth constraints. Also, the multi-hop heuristic routing algorithm called Nearest Neighbor Tree is effectively used to reduce the number of neighbors in the guidance list that are elected for forwarding. This helps to increase the individual sensor node’s lifetime, thereby maximizes the network lifetime and guarantees increased network throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed technique reduces repeated transmissions, decreases the number of transmissions, shortens the active time of the sensor nodes and increases the network lifetime for query driven sensor network applications invariant to total the number of sensor nodes and sinks in the network. The proposed algorithm is tested in a small test bed of sensor network with ten nodes that monitors the room temperature.     

A method to evaluate routing policy through p minimal paths for stochastic case

In this paper, a stochastic-flow network is presented to model a computer network in which each arc has various possible capacities and may fail. In order to shorten the transmission time, the transmission protocol allowing the data to be sent through multiple minimal paths simultaneously is utilized for the computer network. However, the minimum transmission time to send a given amount of data is not fixed due to the property of stochastic capacity. Accordingly, the first addressed issue is to evaluate the probability that the network is able to send the data within a time constraint by adopting the transmission protocol. Such a probability is named as transmission reliability that is regarded as a performance indicator to measure the QoS for a computer network. Without knowing all minimal paths in advance, an efficient solution procedure is proposed to calculate transmission reliability. The experimental results of 35 random networks show that the proposed algorithm can be executed efficiently. Moreover, in order to increase transmission reliability, the network administrator decides the routing policy to designate the first and the second priority p minimal paths. The second addressed issue is to evaluate transmission reliability associated with the routing policy. A sort criterion is subsequently presented to find an ideal routing policy.     

面向配电网故障检测的WSN可信路由算法

为了提高配电网故障检测数据传输的可信性,提出一种面向配电网故障检测的WSN可信路由算法。算法提出一种防范针对信任模型攻击的轻量级信任值计算方法,并在簇头选举与簇间多跳路由中引入信任值,避免恶意节点降低网络安全;簇间多跳阶段中,对邻居节点的位置因子、距离因子、信任值及剩余能量等参数进行融合判决,构建最优数据传输路径。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能够自适应剔除网络恶意节点,防范恶意攻击,最大化网络生存时间。     

基于博弈理论的无线传感器网络融合路由

主要研究了无线传感器网络路由路径的链路质量及节点剩余能量对网络整体可靠性及能效的影响,提出了无线传感器网络数据融合可靠路由的博弈论模型。该模型的求解属于NP问题,论文还提出了一种基于节点效用进行路由选择的分布式实现算法。仿真结果表明该算法能提高网络路由路径的可靠度和能效性。     

带数据融合的无线传感器网络QoS路由算法

针对无线传感器网络以数据为中心的特点以及不同业务对QoS的不同要求,提出了一种结合数据融合的QoS路由算法(DAIQoS算法).该算法借鉴TopDisc协议的分簇路由过程对数据进行融合处理.在此基础上借鉴定向扩散(DD)协议中梯度路由的思想,通过维护簇内和簇间两个梯度场建立到sink节点的多条最短路径.选择既能满足数据的QoS要求,又能尽量时其进行融合处理的路径转发数据.仿真实验结果表明,DAIQoS算法能够在满足数据QoS要求的同时有效减少冗余数据,节约能源.     

无线传感器网络多径路由算法

路由协议是无线传感器网络研究的热点,针对传感器节点能量有限的特点,为了均衡网络负载、延长网络生存期,该文提出一种基于能量－跳数权重值的多径路由算法(EHM),其核心思想是各节点维护到其邻居节点的多条路径,并根据邻居节点的跳数和剩余能量信息进行路由选择。利用OPNET仿真工具对算法进行仿真,结果表明EHM算法可以有效地均衡网络节点的能量消耗,在节点剩余能量上有50%左右的性能提升。