衰落色散无线信道的电波传播预测与模拟

由多径色散及多普勒频移造成的频率－时间选择性衰落是城市移动无线信道的一个重要特性。在研究分析的基础上建立起了城市无线衰落信道的传播预测模型,并对上述无线信道传播模型的时域衰落特性进行了模拟仿真。     

移动无线信道脉冲响应的计算机模拟

根据移动通信多径传播的一般化模型,模拟产生了移动无线信道的复值脉冲响应函数,模拟结果自然地反映了信道的衰落相关性,通过调整四个参数,可描述瑞利、Rice或其它形式的衰落信道,利用模拟结果分折数字通信中由于多径衰落引起的突发误码分布已取得成效。     

Measurement, modeling, and simulation of digital LOS microwavechannels with applications to outage prediction

A summary of prior work in the field of microwave line-of-sight (LOS) channel propagation measurements, channel models, and channel simulators is presented. The objective of these efforts is the reliable prediction of digital microwave radio performance on any specified link. Many digital radio outage prediction techniques are predicted upon the use of m-curves, which characterize a digital radio's performance in a simulated fading environment. These m-curves are generated by subjecting the radio under test to simulated multipath fading. This requires the use of a channel simulator that accurately emulates the fading conditions found on real LOS links. All parameters of an ideal channel simulator should be based on a model that has been validated through propagation measurements on a number of different paths. Although much progress has been made, some issues remain for further investigation. New channel propagation measurement, modeling, and simulation results that are directly applicable to these issues are given     

The equivalent transmission-path model-a tool for analyzing errorfloor characteristics due to intersymbol interference in Nakagami-Ricefading environments

Land mobile radio systems such as car telephones and handy personal terminals used outdoors have enjoyed a remarkable evolution. To design reliable mobile radio systems, however, it is vital to have a good understanding of the impact of wave propagation characteristics on digital transmission quality in a wide variety of mobile radio environments. A very simple but general scheme for calculating irreducible bit error rate (BER) (namely, BER floor) due to intersymbol interference in frequency-selective Nakagami-Rice fading environments has been developed. The scheme, which we call the equivalent transmission-path model, plays a role in connecting wave propagation with digital transmission characteristics in a general manner. Through computer simulations assuming various types of delay profiles, we first identify key parameters of Nakagami-Rice fading dominating principally the occurrence of irreducible errors and we develop a simple method for the calculation of irreducible BER utilizing the nature or the key parameters. Then we examine the accuracy of the scheme for various types of phase-shift keying (PSK) transmission systems. Finally, based on the scheme, we show calculation examples of BER floor characteristics in line-of-sight fading environments     

Fading Channel Prediction for Mobile Radio Adaptive Transmission Systems

Adaptive transmission methods can potentially aid the achievement of high data rates required for mobile radio multimedia services. To realize this potential, the transmitter needs accurate channel state information (CSI) for the upcoming transmission frame. In most mobile radio systems, the CSI is estimated at the receiver and fed back to the transmitter. However, unless the mobile speed is very low, the estimated CSI cannot be used directly to select the parameters of adaptive transmission systems, since it quickly becomes outdated due to the rapid channel variation caused by multipath fading. To enable adaptive transmission for mobile radio systems, prediction of future fading channel samples is required. Several fundamental issues arise in the design and testing of fading prediction algorithms for adaptive transmission systems. These include complexity, robustness, choice of an appropriate channel model for algorithm validation, channel estimation and noise reduction required for reliable prediction, and design and analysis of adaptive transmission methods aided by fading prediction algorithms. We use these criteria in the review of recent advances in the area of fading channel prediction. We also demonstrate that reliable fading prediction makes adaptive transmission feasible in diverse wireless communication systems.     

A voice scrambler for mobile communication

A new voice scrambling method for mobile communication is proposed. The principle is to invert the voice sample polarity selectively according to the scrambling code, smooth it with a low-pass filter, and feed it to the radio transmitter. To utilize the principle, the necessary techniques such as filtering, synchronizing and scrambling code design, are described. The whitened spectrum of the scrambled voice and a large number of key codes provide a high security communication. The scrambler presented here is designed for an adaptor to press-to-talk mobile radio. Voice spectrum variation by scrambling is demonstrated and articulation is measured under nonfading and fading conditions with signal to noise (S/N) variation. Those results show that the scrambling method is suitable for mobile communication with rapid synchronization for press-to-talk radio, noise, and fading immunity.     

Simulation of mobile fading channels

Many aspects of a mobile radio system are basically determined by the propagation characteristics of the channel. Therefore, an understanding and good knowledge of mobile radio channels is essential for the analysis, design, and operation of wireless systems. It allows the successful development, evaluation, and testing of any current or future communication system, whether it is for cellular mobile telephony, for radio paging, or for mobile satellite systems. This article tries to present a simple and efficient way to simulate mobile channels for development and testing of mobile wireless systems, using some of the commercial circuit-analysis and simulation programs. So, in parallel with an overview of fading-channel propagation mechanisms and aspects, compact simulation models are given that can effectively be used for further analysis and understanding of the operation of mobile fading channels.     

Burst error correction in high-speed digital mobile radio communications

In high-speed digital mobile radio communication, transmission performance is severely degraded by frequency-selective fading caused by the delay time spread of multipath propagation. Forward error correction (FEC) is one of the most effective techniques to improve transmission quality. The authors evaluate the effect of FEC on burst errors under frequency-selective fading. The FEC effect with diversity reception and interleaving is also investigated.<>     

移动通信网无线信号场强预测的反演实现

本文提出了一种新的移动通信网无线信号场强预测技术，该技术基于消除快速衰落后得到的可靠与稳定的扫频测量数据，通过反演的途径实现中值场强预测。该技术既可以摆脱对地形地物数据库或三维数字地图的直接依赖，同时也可以得到满足移动网络优化实际需要的较高预测精度。     

一种电波传播预测方法的研究与实现

常用的电波传播预测方法,一般是以路径损耗为预测模型,结合大量的测试数据,利用计算机进行辅助分析,实现传播模型本地化。近年来,随着射线追踪法的发展,利用精确的3维数字地图,使精确的电波传播预测成为现实。但是这两种方法都有很大的缺陷,文中从现阶段城市3维地图建立现状和控制成本的角度考虑,探索了结合射线追踪技术和计算机辅助设计分析,实现传播预测的一种新方法,并尝试实现了一个工程案例,进行了相关分析。     

Long-range prediction of fading signals

It was previously proposed to adapt several transmission methods, including modulation, power control, channel coding, and antenna diversity to rapidly time variant fading channel conditions. Prediction of the channel coefficients several tens-to-hundreds of symbols ahead is essential to realize these methods in practice. We describe a novel adaptive long-range fading channel prediction algorithm (LRP) and its utilization with adaptive transmission methods. The LRP is validated for standard stationary fading models and tested with measured data and with data produced by our novel realistic physical channel model. Both numerical and simulation results show that long-range prediction makes adaptive transmission techniques feasible for mobile radio channels     

Simulations of the time and frequency selective outdoor mobileradio channel

A prerequisite for the performance analysis and optimization of new mobile communication systems is a model for the channel behavior. Channel fading simulation based on the model is generally chosen for flexible validation, testing, and comparison of new designs. To simulate the time- and frequency-selective behavior of macrocell mobile radio channels, a method is presented, which is based on a physical model for the radiowave propagation process in these environments. The approach enables a generation of complex impulse responses as given by the statistics of the underlying channel behavior. Delay profiles and fading characteristics of the multipath structures can be efficiently simulated by reproducing the physical wave interference process, thereby incorporating the different channel characteristics that are observed in different environments, such as urban or suburban areas. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison of simulated results with the equivalent measured functions     

A UHF channel simulator for digital mobile radio

A device to simulate the channel propagation characteristics of the ground mobile environment at UHF has been designed, built, and characterized. This device provides a flexible, easily changed set of simulated channel characteristics, which allows the performance of a mobile radio unit to be evaluated in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The channel simulator was designed to simulate mobile platform speeds up to 675 mi/h and multipath components having differential delays approaching 10 µs. The channel simulator can provide up to four easily selectable, independently fading, multipath components, having calculated time delay spreads of up to 3.5 µs. The adjustable fading bandwidths and the exceptional long delays were implemented using the relative new signal processing technologies of charged-coupled devices and surface wave devices. Envelope statistics such as fading distributions and level crossing rates produced by the channel simulator show excellent agreement with theoretical prediction and documented experimental data.     

VANET网络中小尺度衰落信道仿真

车载网络（VANET）是智能交通系统的核心部分,能够提高道路交通的安全性与高效性。分析电波在VANET网络中的传播特点,着重分析该网络中双移动节点间的小尺度衰落信道,包括多普勒功率谱模型和用成型滤波器法仿真VANET网络中小尺度衰落信道特性,给出经历该信道后接收信号的包络。仿真结果表明,随着移动车辆速度比增大,接收信号衰落更深。该结果对于VANET网络下无线多媒体业务性能评估有着重要的作用。     

Performance of a new adaptive diversity-equalisation for digital mobile radio

A new adaptive diversity-equalisation suitable for mobile radio signal transmission in the mobile radio fast fading environment is proposed. Adaptivity of the diversity-equalisation is enhanced by employing the recursive least-squares algorithm (RLS) with exponential weighting and two newly proposed techniques: bi-directional equalisation (BDE) and transmitter time-diversity (TDD). Computer simulation shows that QPSK transmission performance equivalent to that of four-branch diversity can be obtained with small impairment.<>     

Systematic development of new multivariable techniques forpredicting the distribution of multipath fading on terrestrial microwavelinks

Multipath fading data obtained from 47 terrestrial microwave line-of-sight links in France and the United Kingdom are analyzed to derive narrowband prediction equations for the deep fading range of the cumulative distribution for the average worst month. A large number of possible predictor variables based on typical radio link parameters are investigated, and equations which reduce the standard error of prediction to less than half that of previous techniques for this part of Europe are developed. The improvement is achieved by increasing the number of prediction variables, using the most statistically significant variables, introducing a zonally varying geoclimatic factor, and employing more accurate analysis techniques. A reasonable choice of variables for system design includes path length, radio frequency, path inclination, and the grazing angle of specular reflection from the average terrain profile. A physical interpretation of the results suggests that a large amount of multipath fading is caused by ground reflection in combination with fading of the direct wave through the atmosphere     

Artificial neural network based simulation of correlated short-term fading

This paper presents a novel method for simulation of two correlated short-term fading envelopes in mobile radio channel. Proposed method is enabled by artificial neural network principles. The main idea was to base the simulation approach solely on the measurement results. In order to obtain an adequate measured data set, extensive electric field strength measurements were carried out in an indoor environment, in a nonline-of-sight scenario. For verification of the proposed method, performance comparisons were made against the contemporary coloring matrix based method. According to comprehensive quantitative and qualitative statistical analysis it seems that the proposed method is in better agreement with the short-term fading phenomenon experienced in real propagation environment.     

Extended Monte Carlo localization algorithm for mobile sensor networks

A real-world localization system for wireless sensor networks that adapts for mobility and irregular radio propagation model is considered. The traditional range-based techniques and recent range-free localization schemes are not well competent for localization in mobile sensor networks, while the probabilistic approach of Bayesian filtering with particle-based density representations provides a comprehensive solution to such localization problem. Monte Carlo localization is a Bayesian filtering method that approximates the mobile node＇s location by a set of weighted particles. In this paper, an enhanced Monte Carlo localization algorithm-Extended Monte Carlo Localization （Ext-MCL） is proposed, i.e., the traditional Monte Carlo localization algorithm is improved and extended to make it suitable for the practical wireless network environment where the radio propagation model is irregular. Simulation results show the proposal gets better localization accuracy and higher localizable node number than previously proposed Monte Carlo localization schemes not only for ideal radio model, but also for irregular one.     

A comparison of multipath distortion characteristics among digital modulation techniques

In a digital mobile radio transmission, long-delayed multi-path propagation causes frequency selective fading, resulting in signal waveform distortion and hence bit error rate (BER) degradation. Comparison of multipath distortion among various digital modulation techniques (binary, quaternary, offset quaternary, and minimum phase shift keying (BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK and MSK)) is made using a two-ray propagation model, which is a fundamental model to evaluate multipath tolerant capability. The analysis clarified the multipath conditions causing severe distortions and also the mechanisms of eye pattern degradation, showing the superiority of BPSK in multipath tolerance.     

A slotted ALOHA packet radio system with multiple antennas andreceivers

The problem of data transmission in a mobile packet radio system with one central base station and a number of mobile terminals is addressed. A method using multiple directional antennas and receivers at the base station to improve the efficiency of transmission on the inbound channel (from the terminals to the base station) is proposed. A number of channel models are considered, including flat terrestrial propagation loss, Rayleigh fading, and noise. A finite population Markov model is used to obtain the throughput of a multiantenna and multireceiver slotted ALOHA system. Numerical results indicate that substantial gains are possible with the use of several antennas and receivers. The dynamic behavior of the system is also improved