Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Characteristics of the as-Cast and Annealed La0.8-xPrxMg0.2Ni3.35Al0.1Si0.05 (x=0~0.4) Electrode Alloys

采用铸造及退火工艺制备了La0.8-xPrxMg0.2Ni3.35Al0.1Si0.05 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)电极合金。系统研究了Pr的替代对合金的结构与电化学储氢性质的影响,结果表明除少量残余LaNi3相外,铸造及退火合金是由六方Ce2Ni7型(La, Mg)2Ni7相与六方CaCu5型LaNi5相构成的。Pr对La的置换对合金的电化学储氢性质产生明显影响,铸造及退火合金的放电容量和高倍率放电能力随Pr含量的增加先升后降。当Pr含量由0增加至0.4时,铸造及退火合金的100次充放电循环后容积保持率S100从64.96%和72.82%分别增加至77.94%和91.81%     

Effects of Pr on the structure and magnetic properties of FePt alloys

The effects of Pr on the structure and magnetic properties of PrxFe60.5-xPt39.5 alloys （x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5） were investigated. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the phase transition temperature of FePt based alloys from disordered face-centered-cubic to ordered face-centered-tetragonal cubic decreases with the increase in Pr concentration. Pr plays the role of a grain refiner and it can enhance the exchange coupling between soft magnetic phase and hard magnetic phase. The results indicate that the replacement of Fe by Pr can significantly improve the remanence and coercivity of the Fe60.5Pt39.5 alloy. These results can be explained on the basis of phase transformation and microstructure. Both the remanence ratio and coercivity of the FePt based alloy as a function of the Pr content are increased by the optimum addition of 0.5 at.% Pr.     

热处理对FePt纳米颗粒磁性能的影响

通过多重还原法制备FePt纳米颗粒,并研究不同热处理温度对其磁性能影响.XRD及TEM分析表明:所制备的FePt纳米颗粒为fcc结构,颗粒为类球形且分散性较好,尺寸在5.0 nm左右.DSC及VSM显示,高温退火处理可以使FePt纳米颗粒从无序的fcc相变成有序的fct相,随着温度的升高矫顽力变大,600 ℃时可达240 kA/m,但是在高温区(550 ℃及以上)矫顽力的变化并不明显,这主要是由高温退火过程中纳米颗粒的团聚导致的.     

PVP对FePt纳米颗粒磁性能的影响

以乙酰丙酮铁(Fe(acac)3)和氯铂酸(H2PtCl6·6H2O)作为Fe源和Pt源,硼氢化钠(NaBH4)作为还原剂,PVP作为表面活性剂,通过化学还原法制备出单分散的FePt纳米颗粒,研究PVP对FePt纳米颗粒磁性能的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)仪,透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对纳米颗粒进行表征。结果表明:PVP修饰的FePt纳米颗粒为面心立方(fcc)结构,形状近似球形且分散性良好,矫顽力为零,呈超顺磁性。当PVP与Fe(acac)3的比例为7:1时,经600℃热处理保温30min,FePt纳米颗粒从无序的fcc结构转变为有序的fct结构,矫顽力最大,可达5460A·m-1。     

AlxCrMnFeCoNi高熵合金的显微结构、拉伸性能及锯齿流变形为(英文)

研究双相Al_xCrMnFeCoNi (x=0.4,0.5,0.6,摩尔分数,%)高熵合金的显微结构、拉伸力学性能与锯齿流变形为。经热力学处理后合金的显微组织由铸态树枝晶演化为由fcc和bcc组成的等轴晶。随A1含量增加,bcc相体积分数增大,fcc晶粒尺寸减小,合金强度得到显著提高。在中温区间,随试验温度升高,锯齿流变类型发生A+B→B+C(C)转变。因Al原子对位错的钉扎作用较强,含Al合金的平均锯齿应力振幅明显高于不含Al的CoCrFeNiMn合金。早期的小变形使fcc晶粒产生较低密度位错列和弯曲位错,而bcc晶粒中位错的攀移和剪切机制占主导地位。较大塑性变形后,位错的交滑移和扭折现象频繁发生,而高密度的位错缠结形成位错胞结构。     

Structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93 and magnetostriction of its epoxy composite

The C15 Laves phase with composition Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93 was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and subsequent annealing process. The structure and magnetic properties of Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93 were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), a vibrating sample magnetometer, and a standard strain technique. The effect of annealing on the structure and magnetic properties was studied. The analysis of XRD shows that the high Pr-content Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93 alloy with the single phase of MgCu2-type structure can be success-fully synthesized by MA method. The sample annealed at 450℃ is fotmd to have a coercivity of 196 kA/m at room temperature. An ep-oxy/Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93 composite was produced by a cold isostatic pressing technique. A large magnetostriction of 400 ppm, at an ap-plied magnetic field of 800 kA/m, was found for the composite. The epoxy-bonded Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.93 composite combines a high mag-netostriction with a significant coereivity, which is a promising magnetostrictive material.     

Cu-Fe64Ni32Co4合金显微组织及热物理性能研究

本研究利用相图计算的CALPHAD方法和真空电弧熔炼技术,设计并制备了Cu_x(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)_100-x(x=30, 45, 60, wt. %)系列合金。实验研究了该系列合金在不同热处理工艺时的显微组织,热导率以及热膨胀系数。研究结果表明：Cu-Fe₆₄Ni₃₂Co₄系列合金在600 °C和800 °C时效处理后均为fcc富铜相和fcc富因瓦(铁镍钴)相组成的各向同性的多晶合金。该系列合金在1000 °C淬火并在600 °C时效处理50 h后,其热膨胀系数变化范围为6.88~12.36×10_-6 K_-1;热导率变化范围为22.91~56.13 W.m_-1.K_-1;其热导率明显高于因瓦合金,其中Cu₃₀(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)₇₀与 Cu₄₅(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)₅₅合金的热膨胀系数可以与电子封装中半导体材料的热膨胀系数相匹配。     

烧结温度对(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)-(Co,Ni)金属陶瓷组织结构和性能的影响

以(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)-(Co,Ni)基金属陶瓷材料为研究对象,研究烧结温度对金属陶瓷的成分、微观组织和力学性能的影响,初步探讨成分、微观组织与材料强度的关系.结果 表明:烧结温度对(Ti,W,Mo,Nb)(C,N)-(Co,Ni)基金属陶瓷组织特征有显著的影响;合金的总碳含量随着烧结温度的提高而降低,当...     

Effects of Co Substitution for Ni on Microstructures and Electrochemical Properties of LaNi3.8 Hydrogen Storage Alloys

系统研究了Co替代Ni对LaNi3.8型LaNi3.8-xCox(x=0.0,0.2,0.4,0.6)贮氢合金组织结构和电化学性能的影响。研究表明,所有合金都由LaNi5、Ce5Co19和Pr5Co19相组成。随着Co含量的增加,3个相的相丰度发生变化,而且单胞体积也相应的增加,这使得合金的放氢平台压降低到镍氢电池需要的范围(0.01~0.1 MPa)。与LaNi3.8相比,含Co合金的循环性能得到改善。LaNi3.4Co0.4具有最大的放电容量,这一点与固态放氢量一致。LaNi3.6Co0.2倍率放电性能最好,具有最大的交换电流密度(Io)和最小的电荷转移电阻(Rct)。     

Mo含量对Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)合金的微观结构,热性能和磁性能的影响

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)系非晶合金,并对3种合金进行不同温度热处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、差热分析仪(DTA)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对合金的微观结构、热性能和磁性能进行测试分析。结果表明:Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)3种合金第1个晶化峰的激活能随Mo含量的增加而减小,Mo的添加不利于合金的热稳定性。Mo含量的增加抑制了ZrCo_3B_2等化合物的析出,细化了结晶相的晶粒尺寸。Fe_(40)Co_(40)Zr_((10-x))Mo_xB_9Cu_1(x=0,2,4)3种非晶合金的矫顽力Hc均随退火温度的升高而逐渐增大。Mo的添加明显降低了合金的矫顽力。     

Effect of predeformation on globularization of Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr during annealing

The microstructure evolution during annealing of Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr alloy was investigated. The results show that for the alloy compressed at 810 °C and 1.0 s^?1 deformation amount (height reduction) 20% and 50% and annealed at 810 °C, thermal grooving by penetration of β phase is sufficient during the first 20 min annealing, resulting in a sharp increase in globularization fraction. The globularization fraction continuously increases with the increase of annealing time, and a height reduction of 50% leads to a near globular microstructure after annealing for 4 h. For the alloy with deformation amount of 50% by compressing at 810 °C, 0.01 s^?1 and then annealed at 810 °C, thermal grooving is limited during the first 20 min of annealing and large quantities of high-angle grain boundaries (HABs) remain. With long time annealing, the chain-like α grains are developed due to the HABs, termination migration and Ostwald ripening. The present results suggest that a higher strain rate and a larger height reduction are necessary before annealing to achieve a globular microstructure of Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr.     

Effect of Al content on the phase structure and the hydrogenation characteristic of La(Mg_(1-x)Al_x) alloys

1. Introduction Hydrogen-absorbing materials like sodium alanates, advanced BCC alloys, and Mg-based al- loys have been widely investigated [1]. Mg-based alloys are attractive as potential hydrogen storage materials because of their high storage capacity and low cost [2-3]. The hydrogen desorption kinetics has been improved using various methods [4-6], espe- cially alloying. It was reported that the kinetics of hydriding and dehydriding of Mg-based alloys can be improved by alloying with rar…     

Strain conservation in implantation-doped GeSi layers on Si(100)

Metastable pseudomorphic GeSi layers grown by chemical vapor deposition or by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(100) substrates were implanted at room temperature. The implantations were performed with 90 keV As ions to a dose of 1 x 10¹³ cm^-2 for Ge_0.08Si_0.92 layers and 70 keV BF₂ ions to a dose of 3x 10¹³ cm^-2 for Ge_0.06Si_0.94 layers. The samples were subsequently annealed for short 10–40 s durations in a lamp furnace with a nitrogen ambient, or for a long 30 min period in a vacuum tube furnace. For Ge_0.08Si_0.92 samples annealed for a 30 min-long duration at 700°C, the dopant activation can only reach 50% without introducing significant strain relaxation, whereas samples annealed for short 40 s periods (at 850°C) can achieve more than 90% activation without a loss of strain. For Ge_0.06Si_0.94 samples annealed for either 40 s or 30 min at 800°C, full electrical activation of the boron is exhibited in the GeSi epilayer without losing their strain. However, when annealed at 900°C, the strain in both implanted and unimplanted layers is partly relaxed after 30 min, whereas it is not visibly relaxed after 40 s.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of die-cast AZ91D magnesium alloy by Pr additions

Mg-9Al-xPr (x=0.4, 0.8 and 1.2, mass fraction, %) magnesium alloys were prepared by high-pressure die-casting technique. The effects of Pr on the microstructures of die-cast Mg-9Al based alloy were investigated by XRD and SEM. Needle-like Al11Pr3 phase and polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase are found in the microstructure. With 0.4% Pr addition, fine needle-like Al11Pr3 phase and a small amount of polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase near the grain boundary are found in the microstructure. Increasing Pr addition to 0.8%, lots of coarse needle-like Al11Pr3 phase within grain and polygon Al6Mn6Pr phase on grain boundary are observed. Further increasing Pr addition, the size of needle-like Al11Pr3 phase decreases, while the size of polygon Al6Mn6Pr relatively increases. The mass fraction of Pr at around 0.8% is considered to be suitable to obtain the optimal mechanical properties. The optimal mechanical properties are mainly resulted from grain boundary strengthening obtained by precipitates and solid solution.     

M（M=Sm,Nd,Pr）替代La对A2B7型贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

采用M（M=Sm,Nd,Pr）部分替代La,用合金熔炼及退火的方法制备La0.8–xMxMg0.2Ni3.35Al0.1Si0.05（M=Sm,Nd,Pr;x=0–0.4）电极合金,以提高RE–Mg–Ni系A2B7型贮氢合金的电化学性能。用X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析合金的相组成和显微结构。结果表明,合金由六方结构Ce2Ni7型的（La,Mg）2Ni7相与六方结构Ca Cu5型的La Ni5相组成。随着M替换量的增加,铸态及退火态合金的放电容量均出现最大值。铸态及退火态合金的循环稳定性均随着M替换量的增加而增加。此外,合金的电化学动力学性能（包括高倍率放电性能、电荷传递速率、极限电流密度、氢扩散系数）均随着M替换量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。     

Effect of Doping of Ti and C on Crystallization and Magnetic Properties of NdPrFeB Thick Melt-Spun Ribbons

系统研究了添加Ti和C对NdPrFeB合金厚带晶化过程及磁性能的影响。结果表明,Ti的添加可以抑制合金中(Nd,Pr)2Fe23B3亚稳相的生成并细化晶粒从而极大地提高矫顽力;而同时添加Ti和C,随着C含量的增加,矫顽力逐渐降低而剩磁升高。最佳热处理后(Nd0.4Pr0.6)9Fe72Ti4B11C4合金的磁性能达到Jr为0.88T,Hcj为618kA/m,(BH)max为109.8kJ/m3。     

Metallurgical and environmental factors affecting the pitting behavior of UNS S 32205 duplex stainless steel in chloride solutions

The effect of temperatures up to 80 °C, dissolved CO₂ (sat.), and flow (agitation) up to 1000 rpm on the breakdown potential of mill‐annealed UNS S 32205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) has been evaluated in 1 M NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The results were compared with heat‐treated samples (furnace heated at 850 °C for 10 or 60 min followed by water quench). The aim of the heat treatment is to simulate sigma phase precipitation. The results show dependence of pitting potential on the various factors (sigma phase, test temperature, dissolved CO₂ (sat.), or solution flow) being studied. In general, the mill annealed or heat‐treated UNS S 32205 DSS alloys are immune to pitting at room temperature (23 °C). At 50 °C however, pitting corrosion is evident and the intensity of such attack is increased with the presence of dissolved CO₂, increasing isotherm held duration and/or seawater temperature. In contrast, agitation speed of 350 rpm (Re of 12 880) or above (sufficiently to yield turbulent flow) has shifted the pitting potential to more positive values. Lower speed of 100 rpm, however, is negligibly different from the stagnant conditions.     

Atomic Mobilities and Diffusivities in fcc Co-Cr-Ti Alloys

In order to develop the atomic mobilities for the fcc phase of the Co-Cr-Ti alloys, interdiffusivities were determined with diffusion couples annealed at 1323 K for 100 h, the results of which were then critically assessed using the DICTRA software. From comprehensive comparisons between the calculated and the experimentally measured diffusion coefficients, good agreements can be obtained. The obtained atomic mobilities for fcc Co-Cr-Ti alloys are further verified through numerically simulated concentration profiles in diffusion couples, where the kinetic characteristics can be fully reproduced.     

Effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr—Fe—B amorphous alloys

The effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloys have been investigated by DTA and XRD methods.It was found that for Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=0,1,2)amorphous alloys,the final crystallized mixture is α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B,and the metastable Pr2Fe23B3 phase occurs during crystallization of Pr8Fe86B6 amorphous alloy,not during crystallization of Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=1,2)amorphous alloys,By analyzing the activation energy of crystallization,the formation of an α-Fe/Pr2Fe14B composite microstructure with a coarse grain size in annealed Pr8Fe86B6 alloy,is attributed to a difficult nucleation and an easy growth for both the α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B in the alloy.The addition of Zr can be used to change the crystallization behavior of the α-Fe phase in Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloy,which is helpful to reduce the grain size for the α-Fe phase.     

火试金分析中退火工艺的研究

研究了火试金分析过程中退火工艺对检测结果的影响,分别采用扫描电镜和显微硬度仪研究了不同退火条件下金银合金的组织结构和力学性能。结果表明,火枪退火和炉内退火对金含量的检测影响不大,两种退火方式下的金银合金具有相似的微区结构和力学性能。炉内退火操作条件可为400℃退火10 min,或500℃退火5 min以上。