结合天线选择和索引组合映射调制的MIMO系统研究

空间调制是一种高数据速率、低复杂度的多输入多输出无线传输技术,因其发射天线被信息序列随机激活,若被激活的信道状态不佳将导致系统误码性能下降.于是,提出一种结合天线选择和索引组合映射调制的传输方案.该方案将传统空间调制的激活天线索引比特和星座符号索引比特组合映射为一个新的调制符号,结合天线选择算法确定最佳发射天线子集,将新的调制符号通过最佳信道进行传输.在算法实现过程中采用了奇异值分解和硬限制检测等方法降低计算复杂度.实验分别仿真了两种天线选择算法下的系统性能.结果表明,提出的方案比传统的空间调制系统具有更好的误比特率特性.     

极大似然判决下大气无线光脉冲位置调制差错性能

大气湍流对无线光通信系统影响较大,基于高斯信道及门限判决方法的大气无线光通信脉冲位置调制(PPM)的误码特性分析存在局限性.针对于此,推导了湍流大气中无线光PPM系统在极大似然判决(MLD)下的差错性能计算模型,并运用蒙特卡洛方法验证了理论计算模型的有效性.仿真分析表明,MLD下PPM具有更好性能,但也较易受湍流影响,为使弱湍流信道中PPM的误比特率不高于10-6,调制阶数每增加1阶,须提高平均接收信噪比0.67 dB以上.对于峰值功率恒定PPM系统,应根据器件性能和具体通信条件,在差错性能和功率利用率之间作出平衡.     

基于OFDM技术电力通信系统的仿真研究

<正>交频分复用(OFDM)技术是常用的电力通信调制技术。本文在深入研究OFDM基本原理和电力线信道特性的基础上,建立电力通信系统模型,对该模型采用4QAM、16QAM、BPSK三种调制方式以及DTF、LS、MMSE三种信道估计算法进行了MATLAB性能仿真,得出结论在一定条件下运用QAM调制方式及LS算法更能体现了OFDM技术应用于电力线通信的优越性。同时,也为我们在不同环境下为提高通信系统整体性能,信道估计算法的选择提供了有力依据。     

多径瑞利衰落信道下AQAM系统最佳信噪比门限值的研究

自适应调制根据瞬时信道信噪比选择适当的调制方式，能够改善系统的BER性能以及平均吞吐量性能。在常用于高速移动环境的六径瑞利衰落信道模型下，研究自适应调制系统的最佳信噪比门限值，使系统的平均吞吐量最大，同时保证了目标BER性能，得到的最佳门限值可以用于ITU-RM1225Vehicular TestA模型的自适应调制系统。     

一种改进的保证混合业务服务质量的跨层调度算法

提出一种改进的基于优先级的IEEE 802.16系统跨层调度算法,该算法综合考虑了媒体接入控制(MAC)层的业务服务质量(QoS)要求与无线信道的时变特性,通过动态调整实时轮询(rtPS)业务的优先级加权系数,在保证rtPS业务QoS要求的前提下,增加非实时轮询(nrtPS)业务和尽力而为(BE)业务的调度机会,提高nrtPS业务和BE业务的传输速率.每个连接分配的优先级根据信道和服务状态进行动态更新,每次调度优先级最高的连接.仿真结果表明,该算法能够为不同业务提供QoS保证,同时有效提高了频谱利用率和系统吞吐量.     

多径瑞利衰落信道下AOAM系统最佳信噪比门限值的研究

自适应调制根据瞬时信道信噪比选择适当的调制方式，能够改善系统的BER性能以及平均吞吐量性能。在常用于高速移动环境的六径瑞利衰落信道模型下，研究自适应调制系统的最佳信噪比门限值，使系统的平均吞吐量最大，同时保证了目标BER性能，得到的最佳门限值可以用于ITU—RM．1225 Vehicular Test A模型的自适应调制系统。     

基于循环谱的同信道多信号调制方式识别

为满足软件无线电、认知无线电的需要,对共信道多信号的调制方式识别技术进行了研究,提出了一种共信道多信号调制方式识别的数学模型.根据此模型,结合循环谱理论,给出了基于循环谱的同信道多信号调制方式识别算法,并以BPSK、QPSK、OQPSK三种调制方式为例,采用蒙特卡洛方法对提出的算法进行了仿真.仿真和试验结果表明,提出的算法能有效地识别共信道多信号的调制方式,取得了与理论分析相吻合的结果.     

FBMC/OQAM水声通信系统的适应性成型脉冲设计

水声信道是一个时变的双扩散信道,不仅会引起传输信号的时频扩展,而且会造成严重的信息损失。由于滤波器组多载波/交错正交幅度调制(Filter Bank Based Multicarrier/Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, FBMC/OQAM)系统可通过改变发送信号的成型脉冲来减小时频扩展带来的符号干扰和子载波干扰,因此更适合快速时变的水下声信道。为了降低现有成型脉冲设计算法的优化难度,提出了一种快速且易于实现的成型脉冲设计方法,该方法根据信道时频统计特性对扩展高斯函数(Extend Gaussian Function, EGF)进行了优化,实现了期望信号能量最大化,并在时域符号间加入适当的保护间隔,进一步增强了抗多途干扰的能力。仿真结果表明,无论在高频散信道还是在低频信道下,相比于其它成型脉冲算法,该算法在降低计算量的同时,改进了的FBMC/OQAM系统的传输性能,误码率降低了2～3 dB。     

Markov chain based two-state satellite mobile channel model

针对卫星移动信道概率统计的单状态模型只能描述单一信道环境,而多状态模型随着状态数目的增多参数也越多、仿真也越复杂的问题,本着模型既要准确反映实际信道传播特性,同时又要相对简单、容易实现的原则,采用滤波器法和马尔科夫链实现了一个包含“理想状态”和“非理想状态”的广域环境两状态信道模型的动态仿真.通过在我国本土环境下得到的铱星系统信道特性实测数据,利用最小均方误差准则和线性最小二乘法拟合出了该模型在我国三种典型真实信道环境(开阔地轻阴影遮蔽环境、乡村中等阴影遮蔽环境以及城区重阴影遮蔽环境)下的参数,该模型的有效性得到了验证.     

光孤子对量子态的高速调制

从高速调制的角度,研究了量子光通信系统。提出用孤子调制承载量子态的方案。方案着重从调制量子态的通信信道出发,分别论证了孤子在NLSE光纤和SIT媒介中的传输演变;得出量子压缩态和纠缠态可以在二级传输线(由传统光纤和支持自激励透明孤子的二级媒介组成)中,由孤子的传输演变产生;从而实现孤子对量子态的调制。这种调制方案,利用了光的波粒二重性,融合了量子和孤子的特性,是未来量子光通信的一种发展趋势。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...