基于第三方回收的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制

针对双渠道闭环供应链的协调问题,基于博弈理论构建了制造商进行网上直销、零售商进行传统零售、第三方负责废旧产品回收的双渠道闭环供应链决策模型.分析和比较了集中决策与分散决策对供应链成员最优定价策略和利润的影响,发现分散决策会导致整个双渠道闭环供应链的效率损失.为弥补这种效率损失,以集中决策的最优结果为基准,设计了一个利润共享—费用分担契约来实现双渠道闭环供应链的协调.算例分析表明,所设计的利润共享一费用分担契约能够有效协调双渠道闭环供应链.     

考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

需求不确定条件下的闭环供应链模型

构建了需求不确定下一个制造商和两个竞争零售商组成的具有产品再制造的闭环供应链模型.利用博奔论对三种不同回收渠道下的模型进行了研究,并通过数值模拟的方法分析了各模型中的回收成本和新增回收率对零售定价、回收渠道决策、供应链系统及其成员利润期望的影响.结果表明,在一定的随机需求波动下,回收成本和新增回收率对零售定价、供应链系统及其成员利润期望值的影响完全相反,新增回收率的变化小会对制造商回收渠道的选择产生影响,但随着回收成本的增加,制造商将采取不同的回收渠道策略.     

竞争的闭环供应链回收渠道的演化博弈决策

为提高闭环供应链的运作效率,在竞争的制造商共用一个强势零售商的市场结构下,应用演化博弈对闭环供应链回收渠道的决策进行了分析.研究表明,制造商之间的竞争程度、废旧产品回收的难易程度和再制造成本的节约共同影响回收渠道的演化结果;政府通过实施补贴政策可以促使制造商都选择直接回收渠道的演化稳定策略,更有利于消费者和社会.     

生产成本扰动下差别定价闭环供应链的应对策略及协调

针对一个考虑新产品和再造品差别定价的制造商回收闭环供应链,在突发事件干扰两类产品生产成本发生扰动的情况下,研究了集中式决策闭环供应链的应对策略,以及设计可协调突发事件干扰下分散式决策闭环供应链的数量折扣契约问题。研究表明:突发事件发生后,集中式决策闭环供应链的稳定环境下新产品和再造品最优决策的调整方式不仅与两类产品生产成本发生扰动的程度相关,还与两类产品之间的相互替代系数相关;改进的数量折扣契约可通过使系统成员共担突发事件干扰的风险实现分散式决策闭环供应链的协调。通过数值算例验证了所得结论的正确性。     

基于RFID技术的闭环供应链投资决策及协调策略

为了有效改善供应链的运作绩效,针对由一个制造商和一个负责回收的分销商组成的闭环供应链系统,探讨了是否投资RFID技术的决策问题。考虑误回收率对废旧产品回收数量的影响,构建了分散式闭环供应链的收益模型,分析了新产品和再制造产品的定价策略,以及误回收率的允许范围。在此基础上,引入RFID技术消除误回收率,分析了采纳RFID技术对闭环供应链及其成员收益的影响,以及RFID标签的单位成本阈值。进一步设计了基于非对称Nash协商的两部定价契约,对分散式闭环供应链投资RFID技术进行协调。最后通过算例验证了相关结论。     

零售商主导闭环供应链混合回收渠道选择决策

为研究奖惩机制下零售商主导闭环供应链中各参与主体的回收渠道最优决策问题,运用博弈论建立4种奖惩机制下具有竞争性的双渠道销售和多渠道回收闭环供应链模型,对比分析了4种混合回收模式下供应链成员利润、整个供应链系统的利润和回收水平。研究表明:废旧产品回收价格系数与回收渠道竞争系数之比较小时,制造商会选择制造商和第三方回收商这一混合回收渠道,此时供应链存在不稳定性;反之,制造商会选择制造商、零售商和第三方回收商这一混合回收渠道,此时供应链具有长期稳定性。单位奖惩因子和销售渠道模式不影响供应链各成员的最优回收渠道决策。     

基于政府激励的再制造闭环供应链定价策略及协调机制研究

针对一类由制造商、零售商组成的再制造闭环供应链系统,考虑政府奖惩激励措施,应用博弈论方法研究了新产品和再制造产品无差别定价时集中决策和分散决策模式下的定价策略,得出了闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润。研究表明,政府激励环境中一定条件下闭环供应链的集中决策效率高于Stackelberg的博弈分散决策,通过设计一个收益共享协调定价机制,合理分配了制造商与零售商的利润,实现了闭环供应链的协调,进而分析了政府奖惩激励环境下闭环供应链协调运作中再制造过程利润超过制造过程的再制造优先条件,对再制造优先运作模式进行了探索。     

考虑歧视性回收的双渠道闭环供应链决策

针对零售商、第三方共同回收的双渠道闭环供应链决策问题,研究了制造商对零售商与第三方回收商采取的歧视性回收定价策略,并利用歧视系数讨论了歧视回收与公平回收策略的供应链利润、回收率的差异.研究表明,制造商和零售商利润关于差异回收策略存在对称性的特征,但系统回收率、第三方回收商利润会随第三方回收价格的增加而增加,为双渠道闭环供应链增加社会福利、提高废旧品回收率创造一条可行的道路.同时,制造商选择歧视回收还是公平回收策略,取决于回收价格、歧视系数、再制造成本节省之间的关系.     

考虑社会责任的闭环供应链决策与协调

为研究社会责任承担对闭环供应链决策和盈利性的影响,进而协调考虑社会责任承担的闭环供应链,构建了由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的闭环供应链,分别在集中决策和制造商作为Stackelberg博弈领导者的分散决策模式下研究了闭环供应链的定价、社会责任承担水平和回收率决策,进一步分析了社会责任承担效应对决策变量和利润的影响,探讨了两部定价契约和收入共享契约对分散决策下闭环供应链的协调作用,并通过算例进行论证。研究表明:与集中决策相比,分散决策存在利润损失,零售价、社会责任承担水平、回收率和供应链利润均与社会责任承担效应正相关,两部定价契约和收入共享契约均可实现闭环供应链的协调,而收入共享契约的灵活性更强。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.