我国农药乳油的发展方向是高效安全环保

日前,由中国农药工业协会主办的环境友好型农药乳油发展研讨会在京召开。来自科技部、环保部、农业部及国内近40家企业的200余名与会代表就农药乳油的发展方向,农药乳油中高毒助剂苯、甲苯以及二甲苯等芳烃有机溶剂的替代,环境友好型农药乳油中新型有机溶剂的开发和应用前景以及农药乳油中有害溶剂限量(征求意见稿)等一系列有关乳油问题进行了深入讨论,为我国未来乳油发展指明了方向。     

氯胺磷树干注药防治松褐天牛试验

利用30%氯胺磷乳油、2%阿维菌素乳油等对危害马尾松的松褐天牛进行了树干注射防治试验,并与40%氧乐果乳油进行了对比。结果表明,30%氯胺磷乳油与40%氧乐果乳油相比,对松褐天牛有更好的防治效果,按马尾松树干胸径计,30%氯胺磷乳油注药量0.7mL/cm,30d防效达95.10%;2%阿维菌素乳油防效差,30d防效仅为32.84%。     

二甲戊灵乳油助剂及溶剂体系的研究

对二甲戊灵乳油助剂的配方以及生产工艺进行了研究,并对其乳油中各种溶剂体系做了对比分析研究,找出了该乳油的最佳配方。     

传统农药制剂乳油的发展

<正>来自科技部、环保部、农业部及国内近4O家企业的200余名与会代表就农药乳油的发展方向,农药乳油中高毒助剂苯、甲苯以及二甲苯等芳烃有机溶剂的替代,环境友好型农药乳油中新型有机溶剂的开发和应用前景以及农药乳油中有害溶剂限量(征求意见稿)等一系列有关乳油问题进行了深入讨论,为我国未来乳油发展指明了方向。1乳油发展倾向环境友好型"与其他农药剂型相比,乳油具有有效成分含量高、稳定性好、使用方便、防治效果好、加工工艺简单、     

山东省农药科学研究院 山东东方农药科技实业公司

<正>东方农药~(TM)呵护我们的绿色家园●原药:氟啶脲原药(含量≥94%,≥97%)●杀虫剂:5%氟啶脲乳油1.14%甲维盐乳油5%氯氰菊酯乳油20%灭多威乳油10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂25克/升高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油30%敌百·辛硫磷乳油20%毒·辛硫磷乳油20%辛硫·灭多威乳油     

三种阔叶作物除草剂的防效比较及毒力测定

在温室条件下研究了阔叶作物田常用除草剂10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、5%精喹禾灵乳油、5%喹禾糠酯乳油对马唐、稗草的药效。结果表明,在有效成分用量大致相同的情况下,5%精喹禾灵乳油的防效最好,而10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油和5%喹禾糠酯乳油的差别不大。高效氟吡甲禾灵、精喹禾灵、喹禾糠酯毒力测定结果与室内药效测定结果一致。     

橡胶盔蚧高效低毒防治剂的筛选

室内玻片浸渍法测定了9种毒性较低的农药对橡胶盔蚧Parasaissetia nigra(Nietner)1龄若虫(初孵)的毒力.结果表明:1.2%苦参碱·煳碱乳油的毒力最高,LC50值为0.65 mg/L,3%苯氧威乳油的毒力次之,LC50值为0.75 mg/L,2.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油的LC50值为8.19 mg/L,三者均高于对照40%机油·杀扑磷乳油和40%杀扑磷乳油的毒力;20%敌百虫·乙酰甲胺磷乳油、40%乐果乳油、25%喹硫磷乳油和48%毒死蜱乳油的毒力也较高,LC50值均小于100 mg/L;30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油和80%敌敌畏乳油的毒力最差,LC50值分别为124.67、288.93 mg/L.3种毒力高的药剂(对水)对2年生橡胶苗上的试验结果表明:2.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油对已固着在枝条上的橡胶盔蚧1龄若虫有较好的防治效果,与对照药剂40%机油·杀扑磷乳油的防效相当,优于1.2%苦参碱·烟碱乳油和3%苯氧威乳油.3种杀蚧剂配制的热雾剂对橡胶盔蚧1、2龄若虫防治试验结果表明:苦参碱·烟碱和苯氧威的防效较好,药后16 d防效均在80%以上,与对照杀扑磷的防效相当.     

五个新农药产品通过鉴定

广州市天河区车陂化工厂近年试制了“22%丙溴磷·氯氰菊酯乳油”、“18%硫丹·氯氰菊酯乳油”、“20%马拉硫磷·氯氰菊酯乳油”、“27%杀螟松·氯氰菊酯乳油”、“30%辛硫磷·氯氰菊酯乳油”等五个新的复配农药产品,并已投放市场。最近通过了省石化厅组织的技术鉴定。     

醋酸仲丁酯在农药乳油加工中的应用

为明确醋酸仲丁酯在农药乳油加工中的应用效果,测定了醋酸仲丁酯对多种农药原药的溶解度以及与多种常用乳化剂的配伍性,并以醋酸仲丁酯为主要溶剂加工了性能合格的1.8%阿维菌素乳油、25%丙环唑乳油和40%毒死蜱乳油。结果表明:醋酸仲丁酯对多种农药原药具有良好的溶解效果,与常用乳化剂单体配伍性较好。采用醋酸仲丁酯为主要溶剂加工的低、中、高3种不同有效成分含量的乳油均具有良好的性能。初步确定醋酸仲丁酯可作为苯类有机溶剂的替代品之一用于农药乳油的加工。     

国外农药用乳化剂在乳油中使用量简介

近十年来,随着农药生产的发展,农药用乳化剂的应用引起了很大的重视。自从混合型乳化剂获得应用后,乳化剂在农药乳油中的用量和混配技术发生了很大变化,如25%滴滴涕乳油采用土耳其红油时,乳化剂用量占乳油的15～20%,而采用混合型乳化剂只要2～5%,对有机磷农药更为显著,如5005乳油,采用单一非离子型时,用量曾高达50%,而采用混合型乳化剂只占乳油的3～5%。现将西德、瑞典和日本等国的农药乳化剂在乳油中的使用量,混配技术和乳油的乳化标准概述如下:     

蒙脱石-氯化铁的红外光谱分析

通过吡啶吸附红外光谱分析了蒙脱石 (EC1)、蒙脱石 -氯化铁 (EC4 ( )、EC4 ( )、EC7、EC9)特征吸收峰的相对强度。在 EC4 ( )、EC4 ( )、EC7、EC9中 ,B酸 1 540 cm-1吸收增强 ,而 L酸在1 44 0 cm-1吸收所占总酸量的比例下降。对于苯与氯化苄的反应 ,L酸 1 44 0 cm-1附近吸收所占总酸量的比例越小 ,催化剂的催化性能越强     

Retinol inhibition of some proteolytic enzymes

Automated analyses were used to determine the effect of retinol on the activity of the following proteolytic enzymes: ficin (EC 3.4.4.12), bromelain (EC 3.4.4. 24), trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4.), chymotrypsin A (EC 3.4.4.5), papain (EC 3.4.4.10), clostridiopeptidase A (EC 3.4.4.19), pepsin (EC 3.4.4.1), cathepsin D (EC 3.4.4. 23) from rat-liver and rat-kidney lysosomes and the nonspecific proteolytic enzyme, pronase. Of these proteolytic enzymes only ficin, bromelain, and rat-kidney lysosomal cathepsin D were inhibited significantly by 1×10⁻⁴ M retinol. Some nonproteolytic enzymes not inhibited by retinol were acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), β-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), arylsulfatase (EC 3.1.6.1), and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40). The inhibition of cathepsin D varied with the substrate used, being greater with hemoglobin than with ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin. Carotene and retinol inhibited ficin and cathepsin D to similar extents. Retinol inhibition of ficin was partially reversible. These studies of proteolytic enzyme inhibition by retinol serve as a simple model for studying retinol-protein interactions in vitro.     

四种吡啶类除草剂防除白喉乌头的筛选试验

于2009年5～7月在新疆新源县那拉提阿吾赞草原选用61.6%三氯吡氧乙酸EC、75%二氯吡啶酸SG、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯EC、24%氯氨吡啶酸4种除草剂对草原毒草——白喉乌头进行了防除筛选试验。结果表明24%氯氨吡啶酸EC 300 mL/hm2的株防效、鲜重防效显著,且对禾本科牧草安全,同时亩成本低;而20%氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯EC 1500 mL?hm2虽然株防效、鲜重防效也显著,且对禾本科牧草安全,但毒草——白喉乌头的根不腐烂,同时亩成本较高。因此,建议生产上使用24%氯氨吡啶酸EC 300 mL/hm2。     

Surface film formation on a graphite negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries: AFM study on the effects of co-solvents in ethylene carbonate-based solutions

In situ AFM observation of the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was performed before and after cyclic voltammetry in 1 mol dm⁻³ LiClO₄ dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC), EC+diethyl carbonate (DEC), and EC+dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to clarify the effects of co-solvents in EC-based solutions on surface film formation on graphite negative electrodes in lithium-ion cells. In each solution, surface film formation involved the following two different processes: (i) intercalation of solvated lithium ions and their decomposition beneath the surface; and (ii) direct decomposition of solvent molecules on the basal plane to form a precipitate layer. The most remarkable difference among these solvent systems was that solvent co-intercalation took place more extensively in EC+DEC than in EC+DMC or EC. Raman analysis of ion-solvent interactions revealed that a lithium ion is solvated by three EC molecules and one DEC molecule in EC+DEC, whereas it is solvated exclusively by EC in EC+DMC and in EC, which suggested that the presence of linear alkyl carbonates in the solvation shell of lithium ion enhance the degree of solvent co-intercalation that occurs in the initial stage of the surface film formation.     

落叶松苗圃中化学除草试验

在落叶松苗圃中使用33%二甲戊乐灵乳油、41%草甘膦水剂、24%乙氧氟草醚乳油、50%扑草净可湿性粉剂及24%乙氧氟草醚乳油+12.8%吡氟氯禾灵乳油进行化学除草试验.结果表明:2250 mL/hm2的33%二甲戊乐灵乳油在落叶松播后芽前使用,除草效果良好;在落叶松幼苗期,使用50%扑草净可湿性粉剂2250 g/hm2除草效果和持效期最好,41%草甘膦水剂4500 mL/hm2、24%乙氧氟草醚乳油+12.8%吡氟氯禾灵乳油(1200+750)mL/hm2效果稍次之.     

High affinity IgG binding by FcgammaRI (CD64) is modulated by two distinct IgSF domains and the transmembrane domain of the receptor

The high affinity IgG receptor, FcgammaRI, is comprised of three immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains (EC1, EC2 and EC3), a single transmembrane spanning region, and a short cytoplasmic tail. We have shown a role for three separate domains of FcgammaRI in the high affinity binding of IgG. Affinity measurements of chimeric FcgammaRs in which EC1 and EC2 of FcgammaRI have been replaced with the homologous EC1 and/or EC2 domains of the low affinity IgG receptor, FcgammaRII indicate that both EC2 and EC3 are essential for high affinity binding of monomeric IgG. Identification of EC3 from FcgammaRI as the binding site for the monoclonal antibody 10.1, which blocks IgG binding, provides further evidence for the role of this domain in binding. In addition, we have found that the affinity of FcgammaRI is increased threefold when co-expressed with its accessory molecule, gamma-chain. Affinity measurements of further chimeras indicates that the transmembrane domain of FcgammaRI has a negative influence upon the affinity of the receptor. To account for these observations, we propose that receptor dimerization is required for maximal affinity of FcgammaRI. Dimerization may serve as the mechanism by which IgG binding triggers several FcgammaRI-mediated events.      

Cu-BTC/乙基纤维素混合基质膜的快速制备及气体分离性能

金属有机骨架Cu-BTC广泛用于气体分离混合基质膜的制备。为了避免混合基质膜传统制备方法周期较长的缺点,本实验将Cu-BTC前体分别与乙基纤维素（EC）溶液混合后进行反应,实现了Cu-BTC在EC溶液中的快速合成。并利用这一特性制备了Cu-BTC/EC膜。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线晶体衍射、红外吸收光谱对产品表征,确定了Cu-BTC在膜中的分布情况。实验发现EC浓度的提高对Cu-BTC前体的反应有明显的促进作用。通过Cu-BTC/EC膜的热性能和力学性能测试,发现Cu-BTC和EC的界面强度随Cu-BTC含量的提高先增加后降低。在Cu-BTC质量分数为26%时,膜的CO₂渗透系数为112.3barrer,相对于纯EC膜（66.3barrer）提高了69%,且CO₂/CH₄和CO₂/N₂选择性几乎没有下降。最后考察了测试压力对气体渗透系数的影响,结果表明Cu-BTC/EC膜相对于纯EC膜具有更好的耐CO₂溶胀能力。     

70%敌溴菊酯防治棉叶螨试验

试验结果表明，７０％敌溴菊酯乳油２０００、３０００、４０００倍液防治棉叶螨，１０天后的防效为９０．２～９５．２％，显著高于２０％双甲脒１５００倍液和２．５％溴氰菊酯３０００倍液７０％的防效，略低于５０％克螨特３０００倍、１５％哒螨灵３０００倍、２０％三氯杀螨醇１５００倍液的防效，但差异不显著。建议生产中敌溴菊酯的使用浓度以３０００倍为宜。     

4种混配药剂对茶园小绿叶蝉的田间药效试验

试验了4种混配药剂对茶园小绿叶蝉的防治效果,结果表明,25g/L联苯·溴虫腈EC防治茶园小绿叶蝉速效性、持效性最好,其次是25g/L联苯·氟虫腈EC、4.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC和5%吡虫啉EC混配,以上3种混配药剂可推荐用于茶园小绿叶蝉防治。4.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC和3%啶虫脒EC混配防治茶园小绿叶蝉效果较差,不建议用于茶园小绿叶蝉防治。