Human Factors in Software Engineering

Software engineering is an effort to reduce the cost of producing software by raising programming productivity and lowering maintenance effort and to increase the benefits of software by extending application areas and improving service. Human factors considerations can have a major impact on the software development process and the quality of the software produced. High-level languages have increased programmer productivity by removing from the programmer the burden of remembering what values are in what register and placing it on a software system which is much more suited to managing detail. Other programming methodologies and tools have been developed to reduce the cost of producing software: design methodologies, structured programming, chief programmer teams, disciplined coding conventions, etc. The efficacy of these software aids has been demonstrated mostly by case studies. The articles in this issue of Computer analyze some of these methodologies and tools from a human factors viewpoint, using the tools of human factors engineering to determine if the use of a particular aid increases programming performance or the quality of the resulting software.     

基于构件化的软件产品开发研究

为了满足软件产品的开发对生产质量和开发周期提出的更高要求,阐述了标准化工作中的模块化在软件产品构件化开发中的重要性,回顾了基于构件的软件开发方式的发展历程,提出了基于构件的软件开发方式和相关的实施案例。通过构件化的开发方法,为企业提高了软件产品质量,缩短了产品上市的周期,取得了良好的经济效益。     

An Experiment on Human Engineering of Interactive Software

Improved human engineering can add significantly to the acceptance and use of computer technology. We report here an experiment in which users with varying degrees of interactive computing experience used two versions of an interactive text editor: one with an English-like command syntax, the other with a more notational syntax. User performance differences strongly favored the English-like editor at all levels of experience.     

浅析软件开发项目的成败关键

每个软件开发项目都要经过漫长的生命周期,有很多因素可以影响其成功与否。该文从四个方面阐述了软件开发项目的成败关键．并给出了一些案例。     

浅析软件开发项目的成败关键

每个软件开发项目都要经过漫长的生命周期,有很多因素可以影响其成功与否。该文从四个方面阐述了软件开发项目的成败关键,并给出了一些案例。     

试论基于计算机软件开发中影响软件质量的因素

社会全面进入信息时代,计算机软件开发功不可没,成为了人们生产、生活不可或缺的工具和资源。提高计算机软件的开发质量,研发更多与用户需求高度匹配的软件,成为行业的工作重点。笔者重点分析了计算机软件开发中影响软件质量的主要因素,从需求产品设计、交互式体验、基础架构设计和开发技术人员配置几个方面展开,为提高软件开发质量提出合理化意见,旨在不断优化我国计算机软件开发水平,提高社会生产力。     

表页显示软件设计工具研究

针对指控系统的嵌入式环境以及强实时、高强度和高可靠性等特定要求,作者研制了一种表页显示软件可视化设计的工具－表页生成器。本文介绍了它的基本结构、主要功能和实现方法,着重论述可视化人机交互、软件代码自动生成和面向对象设计方法等关键技术。     

Tropos: An Agent-Oriented Software Development Methodology

Our goal in this paper is to introduce and motivate a methodology, called Tropos,¹ for building agent oriented software systems. Tropos is based on two key ideas. First, the notion of agent and all related mentalistic notions (for instance goals and plans) are used in all phases of software development, from early analysis down to the actual implementation. Second, Tropos covers also the very early phases of requirements analysis, thus allowing for a deeper understanding of the environment where the software must operate, and of the kind of interactions that should occur between software and human agents. The methodology is illustrated with the help of a case study. The Tropos language for conceptual modeling is formalized in a metamodel described with a set of UML class diagrams.     

一种软件开发过程的工作量评估模型

提出一个评估模型用以估算软件生产过程的工作量。模型依据用户故事的规模及复杂度来预估工作量,根据团队开发能力以及开发过程可能遇到的多种负面和突发性因素计算开发速度,结合工作量和开发速度计算得到预计的开发时间,方便软件项目管理者在项目初期准确的估计完成时间,以便提高生产率以及在行业中的信誉度。     

Cleanroom Software Development: An Empirical Evaluation

The Cleanroom software development approach is intended to produce highly reliable software by integrating formal methods for specification and design, nonexecution-based program development, and statistically based independent testing. In an empirical study, 15 three-person teams developed versions of the same software system (800-2300 source lines); ten teams applied Cleanroom, while five applied a more traditional approach. This analysis characterizes the effect of Cleanroom on the delivered product, the software development process, and the developers.     

模型检测在软件测试中的应用研究

以测试为基础的模型或规格是产生测试用例的一种很有潜力技术。在这种方法中,先要建立一个系统的规格或模型,再由规格或模型产生测试用例。文章对结合模型检测来进行测试的方法进行了研究,从整体上对测试进行考虑,不仅包含了对系统所希望具有的功能进行测试,还包括了对系统不应具有的功能进行测试。通过这种方法,我们可以进一步保证系统的正确性和可靠,大大降低人力和资源的开销,为进一步优化测试奠定了基础。     

一个面向维修工程的虚拟人素分析系统软件框架

在工业产品、武器装备的维修性设计中，用虚拟现实技术进行人素分析，可以有效地提高产品的可维修性。该文提出了一个虚拟人素分析软件框架，并在此基础上，基于虚拟人平台—Jack，设计实现了一个虚拟人素分析系统。该系统根据给定的虚拟人体模型和虚拟样机进行人素分析并产生人素分析报告。该软件实现了维修仿真过程建模，以及基于维修仿真过程的人素分析功能，给用户提供了一个高效的分析环境。软件系统的应用实例研究表明，该文提出的软件框架是合理有效的。     

An Ontology-based System to Support Distributed Software Development

Distributed software development has become an option for software companies to expand their horizons and work with geographically dispersed teams, exploiting the advantages brought by this approach. However, this way of developing software enables new challenges to arise, such as the inexistence of a formal, normalized model of a project＇s data and artifacts accessible to all the individuals involved, which makes it harder for them to communicate, understand each other and what is specified on the project＇s artifacts. With what being said, this paper proposes a knowledge management tool that utilizes a domain-specific ontology for distributed development environments, aiming to help distributed teams overcome the challenges brought by this modality of software development proposing techniques and best practices. Thus, the main output of this work is ontology-based system to support the software development process with distributed teams.     

软件架构中的关键因素

软件架构是当前软件工程的一个主要研究领域.给出了一个新的软件架构概念模型,分析了其中的组成部分和关系,详细探讨了影响因素、决策和软件架构外部视图.     

试析软件开发过程中的软件测试

对软件测试进行了介绍,阐述了软件测试的分类、特性及准则步骤,并对软件测试的未来进行了展望,提出了关于软件测试的方法和见解。     

从软件开发过程看高职软件专业方向的设置

高职教育的目的是培养生产活动需要的应用型人才,其专业方向划分要以职业岗位群为依据。本文依据国际公认的软件工程思想,对软件开发过程涉及的29种岗位加以分析,对高职软件专业方向的设置提出了相应的建议。