Mg-TiB2中间合金和Ca对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用SEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段,研究Mg-50%TiB2(质量分数)中间合金和碱土金属元素Ca对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:0.7%TiB2和0.1%Ca可以显著细化AZ91D镁合金的枝晶组织和晶粒,α-Mg的平均晶粒尺寸由240μm下降至46μm。通过能谱分析及面错配度的计算证实:TiB2颗粒可作为初生α-Mg的良好异质形核核心。碱土金属元素Ca在晶界处富集,阻碍了α-Mg晶粒生长,对晶粒细化起到了一定的作用。显微组织的细化使合金的强韧性明显提高,并对耐腐蚀性能有较大改善。     

Improvement of corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy by gadolinium addition

Based on the previous investigation on beneficial introduction of holmium into magnesium alloy, the effect of gadolinium, an adjacent rare earth element, on corrosion resistance was examined. The corrosion behavior of two Mg-9Al-Gd alloys （Mg-9Al-0.45Gd and Mg-9Al-l.43Gd） was evaluated and compared with that of Mg-9Al alloy without Gd by means of specimen mass loss and hydrogen evolution in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with Mg（OH）2. The Gd-containing alloys exhibit enhanced corrosion resistance with respect to the plain Mg-9Al alloy. The microstructures of Mg-9Al alloy and Mg-9Al-0.45 Gd alloy were observed by electron probe microanalysis （EPMA） and energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS）. The alloys with Gd addition show a microstructure characterized by a phase solid solution, surrounded by minor amount of β phase and more grain-like Gd-containing phase. To illustrate the involved mechanism their polarization curves were recorded. The electrochemical investigations reveal that Gd addition shifts the corrosion potential of the alloy towards active, as Gd containing phase is more active and hence less cathodic. As a result, the micro-galvanic corrosion is suppressed. Moreover corrosion product films formed on the Gd containing alloys are more compact and provide a better protective effectiveness than that on the alloy without Gd against corrosion. Repassivation measurements in mixture solution of 0.21 mol/L K2CrO4＋0.6 mol/L NaCI also verify the beneficial role of Gd addition. Based on the present preliminary analysis, both the deposited Gd-containing phases and corrosion product films are believed to be responsible for the improved corrosion behaviour due to Gd addition.     

AZ91D镁合金在含SO_2大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为

采用室内加速的方法,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段对AZ91D镁合金在含微量SO2工业污染环境中的初期腐蚀层形貌以及腐蚀产物进行了分析和研究。结果表明:SO2加速镁合金的腐蚀,随着SO2含量增加,镁的腐蚀速率加快。镁合金的初期腐蚀具有局部腐蚀的特征。腐蚀优先从α相基体开始,腐蚀初期在材料表面生成一层保护性的含有MgO和Mg(OH)2的薄膜。SO2降低了薄液层的pH值,增强溶解过程,促进可溶性MgSO3·6H2O和MgSO4·6H2O腐蚀产物的生成,使表面膜失去保护作用,加速镁合金的后期腐蚀。     

Influence of chemical composition on corrosion resistanceof AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots

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Effect of cerium on ignition point of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The surface and interior temperature-time curves of blocky cerium modified AZ91D magnesium alloy were measured during a non-protective heating and melting process. Two inflection points with rapid increase in temperature were found on both curves, which corresponded to the formation of ＂aulifiower＂ oxide on the surface and the occurrence of flame during melting. These two temperatures are therefore defined as oxidation point and ignition point, respectively. The interior temperature-time curve is similar to that measured on the surface except for a comparable time delay. The oxidation and ignition temperatures increase with Ce content, an average increase of 33℃ and 61℃ was found when Ce addition was about 1.0 wt %. However, the increasing rate of the oxidation and ignition temperature decreases with increasing Ce content. An addition of 0.6wt% Ce is recommended for ignition-resistant AZ91 magnesium alloy.     

Thixotropic behavior of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy

The thixotropie behavior of semi-solid AZ91D slurry was studied through a Couette type viseometer.The results show that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry increases after being isothermally held, but the apparent viscosity quickly falls down to a steady state value after being stirred again and it takes on a sharp shear-thinning behavior. With the same shearing rate and the rest time increasing, the steady apparent viscosity increases because of the agglomeration of the solid particles, and the time required for the slurry to reach the steady state also becomes longer. If the solid fraction increases, it takes longer time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity with the same shearing rate and the same rest time. If the solid fraction and the rest time are the same, but the shearing rate rises, it takes shorter time for the slurry to reach the steady apparent viscosity and the final steady apparent viscosity also decreases.     

稀土元素Ce对AZ91D镁合金燃点的影响

利用自行开发的温度采集系统,测试了加入少量稀土元素Ce的块状AZ91D镁合金及其熔体在加热过程中表面与心部的温度-时间曲线.发现在该曲线上存在两个温度加快上升的拐点,分别与合金及其熔体表面产生"菜花状"氧化物和明火燃烧现象相对应,将其分别定义为氧化点和燃烧点.合金及其熔体心部温度-时间曲线与表面相似,但存在一定的时间滞后.测试表明,随Ce含量的增加,氧化点与燃烧点均呈上升趋势.w(Ce)=1%时,氧化点与燃烧点的平均值较AZ91D的分别提高了33℃和61℃.少量添加Ce时氧化点与燃烧点上升较快,随其含量提高,上升幅度减慢.Ce含量在w(Ce)=0.6%左右即可.     

Electrochemical noise characteristics in corrosion process of AZ91D magnesium alloy in neutral chloride solution

The corrosion process of AZ91D magnesium alloy in neutral 1% (mass fraction) sodium chloride aqueous solution was investigated by electrochemical noise(EN), SEM and EDX. Fractal theory was primarily used to depict the corrosion process of the alloy. The fast wavelet transform(FWT), as well as the fast Fourier transform(FFT), was employed to analyze the EN data. The results show that the overall corrosion process can be described by three stages. The first stage corresponds to the pit nucleation and growth; the second stage involves the growth of a passive oxide layer; and the third stage involves reactivation. With increasing immersion time, fractal dimension increases fast initially, fluctuates in the medium and increases again at last. Pitting corrosion and fractal dimension increase due to the initiation and formation of pits in the initial and the end of immersion, while depresses due to the passivation in the medium period. The results of SEM and EDX support the above conclusions.     

AZ91D镁合金半固态触变成形的数值模拟

采用商业有限元软件DEFORM3DTM对半固态镁合金AZ91D的触变成形过程进行了数值模拟,并利用自制的模具,在加热到570℃保温不同时间的情况下,对AZ91D镁合金半固态坯料进行触变成形试验。通过模拟分析的结果与试验的实际结果进行对比,得出了最佳触变成形工艺参数,同时,在一定程度上验证了数值模拟分析结果的可靠性。     

钕对AZ91镁合金铸态组织的影响

利用光学显微镜、电子探针和X射线衍射仪研究Nd对AZ91镁合金铸态显微组织的影响，并利用Imagetool软件测量晶粒尺寸和面积。结果表明：少量Nd对α-Mg晶粒有显著的细化作用，平均晶粒尺寸由108μm降至约31μm，晶粒面积也明显减小，Nd的最佳加入量为0．5％。此外，Nd的加入致使β-Mg17Al12相弥散细小，组织中出现了粒状或针状Al3Nd化合物。     

Fretting wear behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy

The fretting behaviour of the AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated. The influence of the number of cycles, normal load （contact pressure） and the amplitude of slip on the fretting behavior of the material were focused. Fretting tests were performed under various running conditions with regard to normal load levels and slip amplitudes. The friction coefficient between the surfaces at the fretting junction was continuously recorded. The freeing damage on the magnesium specimens was studied by SEM. The resultS show that the wear volume increases with the increase of slip amplitude, and linearly increases with the increase of normal load in the mixed and gross slip regime, but the normal load has no obvious effect on the wear volume in the partial slip regime. The predominant fretting wear mechanism of magnesium alloy in the slip regime is the oxidation wear, delaminated wear and abrasive wear.     

AZ91D镁合金的均一化前处理与化学镀Ni-P

采用新型环保的均一化前处理工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了化学镀Ni-P镀层。研究了前处理过程中AZ91D基体微观形貌、镀层沉积过程、成分和相结构。研究结果表明：基体表面的β相在前处理过程中被选择性去除,表面组织得到均一化,从而获得均匀致密的浸Zn层。Ni-P颗粒均匀形核生长,并最终形成致密的镀层。镀层具有优良的耐腐蚀性能。     

Organic-magnesium complex conversion coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

An organic-magnesium complex conversion (OMCC) coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy was obtained by treating in a solution containing organic compounds. SEM, FESEM and XPS were used to examine the surface morphology, thickness and structure of the conversion coatings. The results show that the continuous and uniform conversion coating is deposited on AZ91D alloy and the main component of the coatings is organic compound containing benzene ring, which forms a chemical bond with magnesium. The polarization measurement and salt spray test show that the corrosion resistance of the conversion coating is much higher than that of traditional chromate conversion coating.     

Reheating microstructure of refined AZ91D magnesium alloy in semi-solid state

By means of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) test, upsetting test and metalloseope, reheating mierostruetures of raw casting ingots, materials prepared by SIMA and materials extruded by ECAE in semi-solid state were investigated. The results show that compared with those of raw casting ingots and materials prepared by SIMA, reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE is the best and the final grain size is the finest. With increasing holding time, a growing phenomenon occurs in reheating microstrueture of materials extruded by ECAE, which can be described by Ostwald ripening law. The average grain size increases firstly, subsequently decreases and the shape factor of grains approaches to 1 as the reheating temperature increases. With increasing equivalent strain, the average grain size decreases. This demonstrates that reheating material extruded by ECAE technology is a good method to prepare AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billets.     

Refinement role of electromagnetic stirring and strontium in AZ91 magnesium alloy

Effect of strontium (Sr) addition and electromagnetic stirring on the microstructure of AZ91 alloy and refinement mechanism were investigated. It was found that Sr addition ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% caused refinement of as-cast microstructure, but did not form any new phases. Combined strontium alloying and electromagnetic stirring significantly decreased the grain size, changed the morphologies of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phases and reduced their volume percentage. The smallest grain size of AZ91 alloy was obtained in the case of 0.2 wt.%Sr addition with exciting voltage of 100 V. The increase of Vickers hardness (HV) and Brinell hardness (HB) value of AZ91 alloy were as a result of increasing solid solubility of solute elements (Al, Zn) in the matrix and refining-grain strengthening effect. The microstructural refinement was mainly attributed to the increase of the degree of undercooling and nucleation temperature of primary phase on the basis of DTA analysis results.     

AZ91D镁合金屑的固相再生(英文)

利用固相再生技术回收利用AZ91D镁合金屑,具体工艺为先冷压再热挤。结果表明:制备的AZ91D镁合金具有较好的力学性能且晶粒明显细化。在热挤出过程中发生了动态再结晶,且动态再结晶组织受到热挤温度和应变速率的影响,在300-350 °C下基面滑移和孪晶协调变形导致动态再结晶晶粒产生,形成"项链"组织;在 350-400 °C下位错的交滑移控制动态再结晶形核;高于400 °C时位错攀移控制了整个动态再结晶过程,形成均匀的再结晶组织。随着应变速率增加AZ91D镁合金力学性能增大,改善了材料的力学性能,但应变速率过大,制备试样表面出现裂纹,影响材料的力学性能。     

Hereditary transmission ofAZ91D magnesium alloy

The magnesium ingots from factory A, B and C were remelted. The microstructure and property of un-remelted and remelted magnesium ingots were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure and property of the remelted magnesium alloy take on a hereditary transmission similar or resembling to those of feed materials. The characteristics of the short range order structure atomic group in alloy is the same as or resembles to that of feed materials during the melting process. The hereditary transmission of magnesium alloy can be explained by atomic conglobation theory.