Effect of MoSi2/rare earth composite particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of molybdenum

MoSi₂/La₂O₃ and MoSi₂/Y₂O₃ composite particles were prepared by mechanical milling and doped into molybdenum by solid-solid method, respectively. Rods with a diameter of 17 mm were made by pressing and sintering. The effects of different composite particles on microstructures and strength of the as-sintered molybdenum were investigated. Results show that the MoSi₂/La₂O₃ and MoSi₂/Y₂O₃ composite particles transformed to La₂O₃/Mo₅Si₃ and Y₂O₃/Mo₅Si₃ composite particles due to the in situ reaction between Mo and MoSi₂ during sintering process. Mo₅Si₃/La₂O₃ and Mo₅Si₃/Y₂O₃ composite particles can reduce the grain size and improve both strength and toughness of sintered molybdenum significantly. Mo₅Si₃/Y₂O₃ composite particles contribute more to the strength, while the effect of Mo₅Si₃/La₂O₃ on toughness is greater than that of Mo₅Si₃/Y₂O₃.     

Effects of sintering additives on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2-WC ceramic-metal composite tool materials

TiB₂-WC ceramic-metal composite tool materials were fabricated using Co, Ni and (Ni, Mo) as sintering additives by vacuum hot-pressing technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated. The composite was analyzed by the observations of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The microstructure of TiB₂-WC ceramic-metal composites consisted of the fine WC grains and uniform TiB₂ grains. The brittle phase of Ni₃B₄ and a few pores were found in TiB₂-WC-Ni ceramic-metal composite. A lot of pores and brittle phases such as W₂CoB₂ and Co₂B were formed in TiB₂-WC-Co ceramic-metal composite. The liquid phase of Co was consumed by the reaction which led to the formation of the pores and the coarse grains of TiB₂. The pores, brittle phases and coarse grains of TiB₂ were harmful to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite. The sintering additive of (Ni, Mo) had a significant effect on the density and the mechanical properties of TiB₂-WC ceramic-metal composite. The formation of intermetallic compound of MoNi₄ inhibited the consumption of liquid phase of (Ni, Mo). The liquid phase of (Ni, Mo) not only inhibited the formation of the pores and the coarse grains of TiB₂ but also strengthened the interface energy between WC and TiB₂ grains. The grain size was fine and the average relative density of TiB₂-WC-(Ni, Mo) ceramic-metal composite reached 99.1%. The flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness of TiB₂-WC-(Ni, Mo) ceramic-metal composite were 1307.0 ± 121.4 MPa, 8.19 ± 0.29 MPa m^1/2 and 22.71 ± 0.82 GPa, respectively.     

表面机械研磨处理对316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响

对2.8mm厚的316L不锈钢板的上下表层进行机械研磨处理(SMAT),对经过不同时间的SMAT后的样品的表层组织进行金相观察,并测量SMAT不同时间的样品的硬度、抗拉强度.结果表明,经过表面机械研磨处理不同时间后,在316L不锈钢板表层获得了不同厚度的表面强化层,强化层组织为沿厚度方向由纳米晶层向微米晶层过渡的梯度组织;随着SMAT时间的增加,总的强化层厚度增加;表面组织的变化导致了表面硬度明显增加,整体材料的屈服强度增加;表面机械研磨处理时间对性能的影响并非线性增加,表面硬度和整体材料的屈服强度在处理5min时增加显著,处理时间继续增加到15、30和60min,它们的增加速度很小.拉伸断口表面形貌的扫描电镜观察表明,经过5min处理后的样品,表层的剪切唇变形区域面积增加,断口微观特征为长条状的韧窝,但是随着处理时间的增加,剪切唇区的尺寸并没有继续增加,而是开始下降,表面硬化区域的增加造成了塑性变形能力的下降.     

奥氏体不锈钢316L在ECAP过程中的组织演化及力学性能

对奥氏体不锈钢316L进行等效应变为1.02的6道次室温等通道挤压(ECAP)试验。结果表明,在ECAP挤压过程中316L发生了剪切滑移变形和孪生变形及晶粒碎化,经过4和6道次挤压后分别得到平均晶粒尺寸约80 nm和约61 nm的均匀分布的等轴晶粒。在1道次ECAP挤压后316L的抗拉强度由674 MPa增加到984 MPa, 规定塑性延伸强度则由594 MPa增加到922 MPa,维氏显微硬度由116.33 HV增加到328.31 HV,但是塑性下降严重,可以通过600 ℃后续退火处理进行改善。     

Effect of DC plasma nitriding temperature on microstructure and dry-sliding wear properties of 316L stainless steel

A wear resistant nitrided layer was formed on 316L austenitic stainless steel substrate by DC plasma nitriding (DCPN). The structural phases, micro-hardness and dry-sliding wear behavior of the nitrided layer were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), micro-hardness tester and ring-on-block wear tester. The results show that a single expanded austenite layer (S-phase) and a single CrN nitride layer were formed at 400 °C and 480 °C, respectively. In addition, the S-phase layers formed on the samples exhibited the best dry-sliding wear resistance under ring-on-block contact configuration test. Wear of the untreated 316L was sever and characterized by strong adhesion, abrasion and oxidation mechanism, whilst wear of the DCPN-treated 316L was mild and dominated by plastic deformation, slight abrasion and frictional polishing.     

Preparation and properties of sintered molybdenum doped with La2O3/MoSi2

Sintered Mo with the addition of La₂O₃/MoSi₂ was prepared via the process of solid–solid doping + powder metallurgy. X-ray diffraction experiment, hardness test, three-point bending test and high-temperature tensile test were carried out to characterize the samples. The XRD pattern of a typical sample shows that the sintered Mo was mainly composed of Mo, La₂O₃ and Mo₅Si₃. Mo₅Si₃ was probably formed through the reaction between MoSi₂ and the Mo matrix. Densities and fracture toughnesses of both doped Mo and pure Mo were measured and contrasted. Sintered Mo with the addition of 0.2 wt% La₂O₃/MoSi₂ has the highest toughness, while more addition of La₂O₃/MoSi₂ has smaller effect on improving toughness or even embrittles Mo. The results of three-point bending test and high-temperature tensile test show that the bending strength and high-temperature tensile strength of doped Mo are both higher than those of pure Mo. The formation of Mo₅Si₃ improves the high-temperature strength. The La₂O₃/Mo₅Si₃ dispersed in the Mo matrix refined the grains, and thus strengthened the Mo matrix by dispersion strengthening and grain refinement.     

不同热塑性蜡基粘接剂对316L注射成型件性能的影响

用金属注射成型方法研究三种热塑性蜡基粘接剂(高密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯/聚丙烯、聚丙烯)对316L不锈钢尺寸稳定性及其机械性能的影响,对三种热塑性蜡基粘接剂溶剂脱脂过程进行了分析。实验结果表明用高密度聚乙烯/聚丙烯热塑性蜡基粘接剂得到的316L不锈钢注射成型件尺寸稳定性及机械性能较好,溶剂脱脂时间较短、效果较好,其长、宽、高三维尺寸稳定性比聚丙烯热塑性蜡基粘接剂得到的注射成型件分别高46 %,40 %,20 %,密度、硬度和拉伸强度分别为7.28 g/cm₃、72.3 HRB和579MPa。     

固溶温度对316LN不锈钢组织及力学性能的影响

用金相显微镜、SEM、拉伸、冲击试验机等研究了固溶温度对316LN不锈钢组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,固溶温度对316LN不锈钢影响显著,随固溶温度升高晶粒尺寸增大,强度降低,塑性保持相对稳定,抗冲击性能提高,且冲击断口均显示为颜色灰暗的塑性韧窝形貌,经1050℃固溶处理后的强塑性匹配较好,抗冲击性能优良,晶粒度达到7级以上.     

粉末形貌对选区激光熔化316L不锈钢力学性能的影响

以气雾化316L不锈钢粉为原料,结合等离子球化和选区激光熔化技术制备了不锈钢块体,并用XRD、SEM、激光粒度仪、振实密度仪和万能力学试验机等对等离子球化粉体和选区激光不锈钢块的组织结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明:316L不锈钢粉经等离子球化处理后,不规则扁平状颗粒数量减少,球形颗粒数量增加,振实密度与松装密度的比值(...     

316L不锈钢扩散焊接头的微观结构和力学性能

针对不同焊接参数的含镍中间层316L不锈钢扩散焊接头,进行室温和550℃高温拉伸实验,采用SEM、XRD和金相显微镜分析接头区域的微观结构和相分布。结果表明:接头的室温力学性能随焊接温度的提高而降低,而高温力学性能随温度的提高而提高。XRD分析表明,焊接过程中产生的Fe0.64Ni0.36导致接头区域的相组成不均一;在高温拉伸实验时,DB2和DB3接头中的Fe0.64Ni0.36发生相变,强度和塑性更好的FeNi3是接头高温强度提高的原因。     

电弧喷涂316L不锈钢涂层的结构与性能

采用电弧喷涂优化工艺制备316L不锈钢涂层,利用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪等对涂层的组织及物相进行分析,同时对涂层的硬度、结合强度进行了测定。结果表明：涂层具有典型的层状形貌,涂层截面较为致密,局部区域出现粗大孔洞;涂层与基体之间主要为机械结合,结合强度较高;涂层硬度的最大值出现在涂层中部,靠近界面的基体组织发生加工硬化。     

Processing and mechanical properties of porous 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications

Highly porous 316L stainless steel parts were produced by using a powder metallurgy process, which includes the selective laser sintering（SLS） and traditional sintering. Porous 316L stainless steel suitable for medical applications was successfully fabricated in the porosity range of 40%-50% （volume fraction） by controlling the SLS parameters and sintering behaviour. The porosity of the sintered compacts was investigated as a function of the SLS parameters and the furnace cycle. Compressive stress and elastic modulus of the 316L stainless steel material were determined. The compressive strength was found to be ranging from 21 to 32 MPa and corresponding elastic modulus ranging from 26 to 43 GPa. The present parts are promising for biomedical applications since the optimal porosity of implant materials for ingrowths of new-bone tissues is in the range of 20%-59% （volume fraction） and mechanical properties are matching with human bone.     

Influences of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La2O3

Influences of annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La₂O₃ were investigated. Effects of annealing temperature on tensile properties, fracture toughness, and microhardness are discussed. Microstructure and fracture morphology of Mo alloys are observed by optical microscope, SEM, and TEM. The results indicate that grain size increased while tensile strength, fracture toughness, and microhardness decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Larger La₂O₃ particles are located at grain boundaries or sub-boundaries, while the majority of smaller La₂O₃ particles are located within the grain. The strengthening effect is quantitatively assessed, which yielded a predicted yield strength in good agreement with measurements.     

离子扩渗工艺对316L不锈钢表层组织及磁性能的影响

采用离子渗氮(PN)、离子渗碳(PC)及离子氮碳共渗(PNC)工艺对316L不锈钢进行表面硬化处理.利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)、显微硬度仪和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等分析手段对处理后的试验钢组织、显微硬度及磁性能进行表征.结果表明,采用PC、PNC、PN这3种工艺处理的试验钢均...     

Effects of LaB6 addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained WC-10Co alloys

The ultrafine grain WC-10Co alloys were prepared by the planetary ball milling method and low pressure sintering. The effects of LaB₆ addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the based alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and mechanical property testing. It has been shown that the grain growth and regularization of WC particles occur simultaneous with the addition of LaB₆. Adding suitable amount of LaB₆ improves the density, hardness and fracture toughness of the ultrafine WC-10Co alloys, and decreases the volume fraction of Co₃W₃C phase in ultrafine WC-10Co alloys.     

Effect of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo2FeB2 based cermets

Four series of Mo₂FeB₂ based cermets with different carbon contents were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The transverse rupture strength (TRS), hardness (HRA) and fracture toughness (K_IC) were also measured. The free carbon present in the green compact significantly decreased the grain size; however, a high carbon content resulted in the formation of graphite phase and Fe₃C phase. An increasing carbon content promoted the dissolution of Mo in the binder phase. In addition, the binder phase varied from ferrite to martensite with increasing carbon content. The highest hardness was found for the cermets with 0.5 wt.% carbon addition, whereas the cermets without carbon addition exhibited the maximum TRS and fracture toughness.     

Effect of Mn content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo2FeB2 based cermets

Five series of Mo₂FeB₂ based cermets with Mn addition between 0 and 10 wt% in 2.5 wt% increments were prepared by reaction sintering process. The effect of Mn content on the microstructure and crystalline phases was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Hardness (HRA) and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were also measured. Mn addition improved the wettability of the Fe binder phase on the Mo₂FeB₂ hard phase, which resulted in a decrease in porosity and Mo₂FeB₂ grain size and an increase in phase uniformity. No Fe–Mn intermetallic compounds or other intermetallic compounds were detected with increasing Mn content. The TRS increased with increasing Mn content until it reached the maximum value at 10.0 wt% Mn addition. The hardness slightly increased with increasing Mn content firstly and then turned to decrease with increasing Mn content. The highest hardness was obtained for cermets with 5.0 wt% Mn addition.     

Densification and mechanical properties of fine-grained Al2O3-ZrO2 composites consolidated by spark plasma sintering

Alumina matrix composites containing 5 and 10 wt% of ZrO₂ were sintered under 100 MPa pressure by spark plasma sintering process. Alumina powder with an average particle size of 600 nm and yttria-stabilized zirconia with 16 at% of Y₂O₃ and with a particle size of 40 nm were used as starting materials. The influence of ZrO₂ content and sintering temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. All samples could be fully densified at a temperature lower than 1400 °C. The microstructure analysis indicated that the alumina grains had no significant growth (alumina size controlled in submicron level 0.66-0.79 μm), indicating that the zirconia particles provided a hindering effect on the grain growth of alumina. Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of composites increased with increasing ZrO₂ content, and the samples containing 10 wt% of ZrO₂ had the highest Vickers hardness of 18 GPa (5 kg load) and fracture toughness of 5.1 MPa m^1/2.     

Synthesis of MoSi2/WSi2 nanocrystalline powder by mechanical-assistant combustion synthesis method

MoSi₂/WSi₂ nanocrystalline powder has been successfully synthesized by the mechanical-assistant combustion synthesis method. This method includes a ball-milling process followed by combustion synthesis. The composition and microstructure of the as-milled powder mixture were detected by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Their results show that the Mo(W) solid solution and Si nanocrystals could be obtained during the ball-milling process. Compared with normal powder mixture (Mo + Si + W), it could be easily ignited and high maximum combustion temperature was achieved. It was also confirmed that MoSi₂/WSi₂ solid solution powder with nanometric structure could be prepared through combustion synthesis method from the mechanical activated powder mixture.     

Effect of sintering on microstructure and mechanical properties of nano-TiO2 dispersed Al65Cu20Ti15 amorphous/nanocrystalline matrix composite

Mechanically alloyed Al₆₅Cu₂₀Ti₁₅ amorphous alloy powder with or without 10 wt% nano-TiO₂ dispersion was consolidated by isothermal spark plasma sintering in the range 200–500 °C with pressure up to 50 MPa. Selected samples were separately cold compacted with 50 MPa pressure and sintered at 500 °C using controlled atmosphere resistance and microwave heating furnaces. Phase and microstructural evolution at appropriate stages of mechanical alloying/blending and sintering was monitored by X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Measurement and comparison of relevant properties (density/porosity, microhardness and yield strength) of the sintered compacts suggest that spark plasma sintering is the most appropriate technique for developing nano-TiO₂ dispersed amorphous/nanocrystalline Al₆₅Cu₂₀Ti₁₅ matrix composite for structural application.