SF6对介质阻挡放电臭氧生成的影响（英文）

The influence mechanism of a small amount of SF6 on ozone generation in oxygen or air discharge is investigated.Some results are obtained by probing into the number of the high-energy electrons,which have the sufficiency energy for generating ozone.Introducing a small amount of SF6 into oxygen sharply decreases the number of high-energy electrons,because the electron density decreases sharply while the mean electron energy remains constant due to higher breakdown voltage and lower discharge power,and some high-energy electrons are consumed by the excitation and attachment of SF6.In contrast,when a small amount of SF6 is added into dry air discharge,despite the consumption of the excitation and attachment of SF6,the number of high energy electrons increases sharply,which is attributed to the higher mean electron energy and electron density resulted from higher breakdown voltage and discharge power.When the volume fraction of SF6 increases from 0 to 2.22%,the ozone mass concentration and the ozone yield increase by 45.7% and 29.7%,respectively.Therefore,though the oxygen source should avoid the presence of SF6,adding a small amount of SF6 can improve the ozone mass concentration and the efficiency of ozone generation.     

大气压氦气与氩气等离子体射流形成机理的对比研究(英文)

To compare the formation mechanisms of He and Ar atmospheric pressure plasma jets(APPJs),an intensified charge-coupled device(ICCD)are utilized to observe the dynamic process of APPJ.The experimental results show that,He APPJ is first ignited,which is independent of the dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)between the two wrapped electrodes when the high voltage placed at the downstream.The intensity and APPJ length under positive discharge pulses are bigger than that under negative discharge pulses due to the space charge effect.The He APPJ is formed by the DBD development when the high-voltage electrode placed at the upstream side of tube.However,the plasma plume in Ar APPJ is formed by the propagation of DBD whatever the high-voltage electrode is arranged on upstream or downstream side of ground electrode.The difference in formation mechanism between He and Ar APPJs is mainly caused by the gas properties.Moreover,during the discharges,Ar tends to lead to thermal instability and electron Maxwellian instability.     

两相体中正脉冲放电分枝的现象和机理(英文)

Discharge branching is a general phenomenon in atmospheric-pressure air,dense gases,and two-phase mixtures(TPMs).In this work,an ultraviolet imaging device is utilized to investigate the branching of positive pulsed discharges in TPMs.Comparison among the captured images indicates that the branching is caused by the voltages and the macropartilces in the discharge channels combining together.The interaction of macroparticles with ions,electrons or photons is one reason for the branching behavior of pulsed discharges.The generation of electrons at the discharge front closely relates to the work function of dielectric macroparticles,which is a key parameter influencing the electron-emission ability of macroparticle surfaces.The electric field alteration under various applied voltage in TPMs,which is calculated by a two-dimension finite element method,is the other reason for the guiding effect of macroparticles on the streamers compared with in the air.     

甚高频对大气压Ar/SiH4/H2混合等离子体粒子密度分布影响的数值模拟（英文）

To improve the microcrystalline silicon thin film deposition in quality and to increase its microcrystalline silicon content,we numerically investigated the characteristics of homogeneous discharges in hydrogen diluted silane and argon mixed gases at atmospheric pressure using a two-dimensional fluid model.The model takes into account the primary processes of excitation and ionization,sixteen reactions of radicals with radicals in silane/hydrogen/argon discharges,so this model can adequately describe the discharge plasma.The effects of very high frequency(VHF)excitation on the electron density in such discharges are analyzed.The simulation results show that the electron density does not linearly vary with the excitation frequency within from 90150 MHz.he maximum value occurs at an appropriate excitation frequency i.e.the transition frequency.Increasof the excitation frequency would effectively increase the electron density before the transition frequency,but decreases the density afterwards.is.Moreover,the densities of involved particle species,including H2+,H,Ar*,Ar+,SiH3+,SiH3,SiH3,SiH2are closely interrelated.     

Electrical and Optical Characteristics of Electrodeless Lamp

In order to study the methods to enhance the efficacy of electrodeless lamp,volt-ampere characteristics,illuminance and emission spectrum have been investigated in home-built electrodeless lamp experimental system with an electrodeless lamp in shape like QL 85 lamp.The results show that lamp current increases as lamp voltage increases in non-discharge,the current decreases first and then increases as the voltage increases in discharge.The illuminance of electrodeless lamp increases linearly with discharge power increasing,and it decreases linearly with power decreasing.The emission spectrum is different for different bulb and lighting time.The spectrum of Ar 811.5 nm,76.5 nm,750.4 nm and Hg 313.2 nm decrease with lighting time.While the intensity of Hg 407.8 nm increases with lighting time.     

Applying Improved Electrical Breakdown Model to Study Insulating Property of c-C_4F_8/N_2 Gas Mixture

Perfluorocyclobutane(c-C4F8) has been recently considered as a potential alternative to SF6,because of its high electro-negativity and extremely low environmental effect.However,due to its high boiling point,c-C4F8 should mixed with buffer gases such as N2 or CO2 in order to avoid the liquefaction at low temperature.This paper investigates insulating properties of c-C4F8/N2 gas mixtures from two aspects including electrical strength,and Global Warming Potential(GWP).Moreover,improved electrical breakdown model of gas mixtures is founded.Breakdown temperature and breakdown electrical field in gas mixtures can be obtained from rigorous Townsend criterion expression according to gas mixtures ratio and cross section data of gas mixtures in this model.Under the condition of different gas pressure(0.1~0.4 MPa),gas mixtures ratio(0～30%),and electrode gap(2~10 mm),breakdown voltages of gas mixtures are calculated by using of this model.Insulation strength of SF6/N2 mixed gas is compared with c-C4F8/N2 mixed gas in the same conditions.Research results show that theoretical computation corresponds with experiment.If the content of c-C4F8 or SF6 in mixtures is less than 30%,insulation strength between c-C4F8/N2 and SF6/N2 is very close.Considering two indexes(breakdown voltage,GWP),it is suitable for c-C4F8 content being 15%～20% in c-C4F8/N2 gas mixtures     

大气压He/H2O等离子体放射流作用下生理盐水中H2O2的生成（英文）

Electrical discharges in or in contact with liquid can produce H2O2effectively.However,wound treatment requires not only high energy yield,but also low temperature,stability,safety and reproducibility in H2O2generation.Thus a method of producing H2O2in saline solution reacting with He/H2O plasma jet is described in this paper.Two working modes(bullet and arc modes)are stable while keeping at low temperature in the H2O2production.The production is much faster under the arc mode,but has rather high production rate and energy efficiency under the bullet mode.Plus,the energy efficiency increases with treatment time and higher moist helium flow rate under both modes,but especially the bullet mode.Moreover,55 min after the plasma treatment,there is only 6%degradation of H2O2concentration in the saline solution,and this indicates the potential of He/H2O plasma jet in plasma pharmacy.     

交直流复合电压油纸绝缘的沿面局部放电特性(英文)

The valve side windings of converter transformers bear AC, DC, impulse, and reversal-polarity voltages during operation, which could result in serious insulation problems of the equipment. By performing experiments with surface discharge model of oil-paper insula- tion at 80 ℃ under combined AC-DC voltage for 200 h, we studied the spectrums and statistical parameters of partial discharges at different discharge stages. Furthermore, some fingerprint parameters were calculated in order to estimate the development situation of par- tial discharge, while the characteristic gases dissolved in the transformer oil were measured by gas chromatography. The surface discharges in the experiments were observed using a high speed camera, and a full discharge process could be marked off into four stages as follows. ①The elementary stage. When a partial discharge occurs near electrodes, electrical charges are injected into the region near electrodes and causing bubble generation. ②Due to their high resistivity and low dielectric constant, the bubbles would bare the major part of the voltage applied to samples. Therefore, discharge happens inside the small bubbles, and it emits a lot of light. ③Micromolecules of gas are produced in discharge, and further ionization in the transformer oil takes place simultaneously when high-energy electrons collide with oil molecules. ④The carrier charge moves forward to electrodes driven by the applied electric field, till they neutralize with the charge from electrodes, and hence discharge channels are formed subsequently.     

空气中脉冲电压激励的表面微放电特性(英文)

The surface micro-discharge(SMD)excited by pulsed voltage in open air is experimentally studied by measuring its voltage,current,emission image,emission spectrum,and ultraviolet(UV)absorption spectrum.It is found that the SMD occurs intermittently in each cycle,and that it consists of many filaments on the surface of grounded electrode.While the applied voltage’s peak value Up increases from 1.75 kV to 7.25 kV,the discharge area keeps expanding until Up≈6 kV,when the discharge occupies all the available area.The emission spectrum of nitrogen metastable N2(C-B)and the density of ozone increase almost linearly.The ozone density decreases hyperbolically downstream of the grounded electrode due to the diffusion in open air.The characteristics of pulsed SMD are presented and analyzed as well,which may be referred by further investigations.     

放电间隙导通过程中电流通道头部的加速效应（英文）

This paper is devoted to explanation of a phenomenon of current channels heads acceleration which bridges a discharge gap.This phenomenon was discovered experimentally during some works at investigating nanosecond streamer gas discharges of atmospheric pressure in the air and neon.Consideration of the bridging process of the discharge gap is presented in the framework of a model of microstructured current channel.In this case,the channel represents itself as a bunch of microchannels(up to 1 000 and more).Such consideration could be stipulated by the discovered earlier phenomenon of the current channels microstructuring that are realized in the nanosecond discharges of atmospheric pressure.The authors have developed the electro-technical model of the discharge gap bridging by the conducting channel.It is shown that the channel length dependence of the velocity is linear;this is similar to that of the model of the continuous(unstructured)channel.We considered and made estimations that stipulate a possibility of gas heating in the microchannels up to the temperatures of associative ionization beginning in the discharge gap bridging phase.In this case,increase of the charged particles concentration and,consequently,decrease of its resistance cause the head acceleration.It is shown that in case of the continuous channel it is impossible to realize the gas heating up to the temperatures of the associative ionization in these conditions.Obtained results reveal the physical reason of the current channels microstructuring as a consequence of the principle of least action manifestation in the area electric breakdown phenomena of the gases.     

空气放电产生臭氧的研究

在臭氧产生机理分析的基础上 ,实验研究了功率、气量、气压和气体湿度对臭氧和NOx 产生的影响。结果表明 ,在一定范围内随着功率增加或气体流量减少 ,臭氧体积分数增加 ,臭氧产生效率降低 ,NOx 和NOx/O3 相对体积分数增大 ;一定条件下 ,随着气压增加 ,臭氧体积分数降低 ,NOx/O3 相对体积分数先减少后增加 ;湿度降低 ,臭氧产生体积分数提高 ,NOx/O3 相对体积分数减少。     

O3液相氧化脱除SO2试验研究

臭氧氧化SO2溶于水形成的SO2×H2O、HSO3-、SO32-产生SO42-,这使利用O3氧化脱除烟气SO2副产硫酸或硫酸盐成为可能。含SO2的氮气与臭氧分2路进入置于45 ℃水浴中的洗气瓶反应。研究臭氧施加量、溶液的PH值、氧气含量、臭氧浓度、SO2浓度、金属离子的催化作用对硫酸根产量的影响。当PH=7,O3与SO2摩尔比为1时可以达到70%左右的硫酸根产率。随着PH降低,硫酸根的产率降低,同时影响SO2的吸收效率。氧气含量不影响硫酸根的产率。当施加的臭氧量不变,加大气相臭氧浓度,有利于气液传质,因而增加硫酸根的产量。O3与SO2的摩尔比不变,SO2浓度增加,因臭氧的气液传质较差使硫酸根产率下降。铁、锰离子对O3/O2混合气氧化S(IV)有明显的促进作用。     

水煤浆挥发分再燃对NO还原的影响

为了解水煤浆再燃过程中均相还原反应效果的影响因素,在固定床反应器上,利用合成烟气模拟再燃区环境,对不同煤种的水煤浆,在不同的浓度、再燃区温度、氧气浓度、颗粒粒径对挥发分再燃效果的影响进行了研究。实验结果显示：挥发分的再燃效果随着水煤浆浓度的降低而升高,随着煤阶的降低而增加。另外,挥发分含量相同,含氮量高的再燃效果要好一些。再燃区反应温度的升高有益于水煤浆挥发分的释放以及再燃反应。挥发分作为再燃燃料时,再燃区烟气含氧量的影响最大,再燃效果随含氧量的增加而降低。制浆原煤粒径的大小对挥发分再燃的效果有所影响,随粒径的减少再燃效果略有增加。     

放电等离子体臭氧发生技术研究现状与进展

介绍了国内外放电等离子体臭氧发生技术的研究进展,主要包括原料气体、电极形式、介电体材料、放电形式和电源的研究。指出了在主要原料气体中添加经济实惠、无毒无害、少量甚至微量气体的研究是臭氧产生原料气体的研究方向,同时,低能耗、高浓度、大产量的臭氧发生技术是臭氧发生器的发展趋势。     

单次放电空气等离子体的动力学机理

为研究单次放电空气等离子体动力学机理,完善等离子体助燃理论,通过耦合组分浓度方程、能量传递方程以及Boltzmann方程建立等离子体动力学模型,分别对单次空气放电等离子体中的电子能量损失、氮粒子和氧粒子浓度的演化规律进行了研究分析。结果表明:电子能量损失主要存在于电子与氮、氧分子间的振动激发、电子态激发以及氮分子的电离等过程;随着时间的增长,氮分子振动激发态、氮原子粒子浓度先快速增加然后基本保持不变,氮分子、氮原子电子激发态、O2(b1)、氧原子以及氧原子电子激发态粒子浓度先增大后减小,而O2(a1)粒子浓度则不断增大。     

结构及供电电源对沿面介质阻挡放电装置放电特性及臭氧生成的影响

沿面介质阻挡放电(SDBD)等离子体能够高效生成反应活性物质,在生物医学、环保等应用领域得到广泛研究。SDBD装置的结构和供电电源参数是影响其放电特性及反应活性物质生成的主要因素,为此,以具有螺环线形高压电极的管状沿面放电装置为对象,研究了装置结构及供电电源对其放电特性及臭氧生成的影响。结果表明:在相同的供电电压下,螺环线形高压电极的螺距、介质厚度影响电极间的电场强度和分布、放电功率和臭氧生成量,但螺环线形高压电极的线径对放电功率和臭氧生成量几乎没有影响;螺环线形高压电极的螺距存在一个优化值,在螺距低于25mm时,放电功率和臭氧产生量随着螺距的增加而增加,当螺距大于25mm时,放电功率和臭氧产生量基本不再变化;当绝缘介质管厚度由3mm减小到1.6mm时,放电功率提高约2倍,臭氧产生量提高约3倍。同采用50Hz交流电源供电相比,SDBD装置采用9.6k Hz高频电源供电时,在较低的电压下即可获得较大的放电功率及臭氧产量,且臭氧生成的能量效率提高约25%。     

预电离大气压低温等离子体射流及其在表面清洗中的应用

具有高化学活性的大气压放电低温等离子体射流具有潜在的应用价值。为此,介绍了一种利用预电离办法产生Ar/O2等离子体大气压低温射流及其在表面油污清洗中的应用。采用针电极放电等离子体作为预电离源,为射流介质阻挡放电(DBD)提供种子电子,使得射流DBD的击穿与维持电压得以降低,即使在氧气与氩气体积比高达6%时,也可以产生均匀稳定的放电模式。采用光纤温度传感器检测得到放电等离子体气体温度在390～440K,而Boltzmann斜率法计算得到的电子激发温度为4640K,通过示踪元素法计算得到氧原子数密度在1017 cm-3量级。将该射流应用到玻璃表面油污清洗,最大清洗速率可达0.1mm/s。所以预电离技术可以产生具有高化学活性的均匀放电的大气压低温等离子体射流,该射流在表面油污清洗中具有较高效率。     

Additive Effect on Energy Efficiency and Byproduct Distribution in VOC Decomposition with Nonthermal Plasma

In the decomposition of methanol, dichloromethane, toluene, and their binary mixtures with nonthermal plasma in N₂, the energy efficiency for the decomposition of each volatile organic compound (VOC) increased with its initial concentration. The addition of oxygen increased the maximum energy efficiency and the corresponding reactor energy density decreased with an increase in the oxygen content. On the other hand, it was not affected by 100 ppm of the counterpart VOC. Based on the byproduct analysis, the major pathways for their decomposition were determined. 5% O₂ in the reaction gases suppressed the formation of hydrocarbons ascribed to self-decomposition of VOCs, nitrogen atom incorporation into fragment radicals, and their cross-coupling.     

液电效应催化臭氧氧化处理染料废水的研究

为了降低能耗和提高废水处理效果,解决臭氧在废水处理方面应用的一些实际问题,探讨了利用液电效应催化臭氧氧化废水的新工艺。用研制的一种小体积,低成本,操作方便,运行可靠的小能量脉冲功率电源进行了液电效应催化臭氧氧化处理活性艳红K2-BP水实验。实验结果表明:对4 L质量浓度200 mg/L活性艳红K2-BP溶液的处理,液电效应催化臭氧氧化比单独臭氧氧化脱色率提高了20个百分点,COD去除率提高了18个百分点;反应60 min后,活性艳红K2-BP吸收光谱的3个特征吸收峰均消失,发色基团及苯环和萘环均被打断。相同条件下脱色率达到90%,液电效应催化臭氧氧化比单独臭氧氧化电能节约41%(6.7Wh),氧气节约44%(24L)。证明此方法可提高臭氧利用率、增强染料脱色效果,减小装置体积,降低处理成本,具有良好的应用前景。     

Characteristics of ozone generation by a diffuse glow discharge at atmospheric pressure using a double discharge method

In this research, a diffuse glow discharge generated by a double discharge is used to improve the efficiency of ozone generation. In this method, corona discharge occurs in the space between the cathode and the trigger electrode covered by Pyrex glass tubes, set in a groove cut on the cathode. Thus, many initial electrons are generated around the cathode. In the present research, experiments were done in air (O₂/N₂ mixture) at atmospheric pressure and the discharge repetition frequency was 1 Hz for all experiments. The maximum ozone concentration generated was about 150 ppm. The average ozone yield was about 400 g O₃/kWh, much higher than the typical yield of about 100 g O₃/kWh. The efficiency of energy transfer from energy stored in storage capacitor C₁ to the main discharge zone was about 40% to 50%. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 127(2): 8–14, 1999