退火温度对ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)在普通载玻片上制备了ZnO∶Al薄膜,在200～600℃下退火.利用XRD、紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计和电阻测试仪等分析方法研究了不同退火温度对薄膜结构和光电性能的影响.结果表明,退火温度在300℃以上,薄膜开始结晶,400℃以上,薄膜出现明显结晶,且沿(002)方向择优取向,随着退火温度升高,(002)峰的强度逐渐增强,晶粒尺寸逐渐增加;薄膜在可见光范围内的透过率均＞85%以上,退火温度高的薄膜在可见光范围内的透过率明显提高,光学带隙在3.32～3.54eV,且随着温度的升高而降低;薄膜的电阻率随退火温度的增高而有所降低,但是仍较高,在103俜cm量级.     

退火温度对ZnO/Mo/ZnO透明导电薄膜结构及光电性能的影响

采用电子束蒸发法成功制备了透明导电的ZnO/Mo/ZnO(ZMZ)复合薄膜,研究了不同的退火温度对其电学和光学性质的影响规律。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计和四探针测试仪等检测手段对样品的性能进行了分析。实验结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的结晶程度提高,晶粒尺寸增大;薄膜的电阻率先降低后升高;薄膜的光学透过率先升高后降低。当退火温度为250℃时,ZnO/Mo/ZnO薄膜具有最佳的综合光电性能,在400nm~900nm波长范围内最高透过率为81.4%,平均透过率高于80%,最低电阻率为1.71×10-4Ω·cm,表面电阻为15.5Ω/sq。研究表明所制备的ZMZ复合透明导电薄膜可应用于太阳能电池、液晶显示器等领域。     

Ti靶及TiO2靶溅射TiO2薄膜微观形貌、结构及光学性质研究

利用射频磁控溅射技术通过Ti靶及TiO2靶在氩氧气氛中同时溅射制备TiO2薄膜,并对所得的样品进行不同温度的退火处理。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和吸收谱研究了不同的靶材及退火温度对TiO2薄膜晶体结构、微观形貌及光学性质的影响。结果表明:由于靶材的不同,Ti靶溅射时氧分压较低,造成薄膜中存在大量的氧缺陷,晶相发育不完善,颗粒相比TiO2靶溅射时较小,从XRD和拉曼光谱来看,Ti靶溅射得到的TiO2薄膜更有利于金红石相的形成。薄膜的透过率随退火温度的升高而降低,TiO2靶材溅射的薄膜的光学带隙随温度升高而明显降低,而Ti靶得到的薄膜的光学带隙对退火温度的依赖关系不明显。     

退火对ZnO/Cu/ZnO透明导电薄膜性能的影响

室温下利用磁控溅射制备了ZnO/Cu/ZnO透明导电薄膜,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、霍尔效应测量仪和紫外-可见分光光度计研究了薄膜的结构、形貌、电学及光学等性能与退火温度之间的关系。结果表明:退火前后薄膜均具有ZnO(002)择优取向,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜的晶化程度、晶粒粒径及粗糙度增加,薄膜电阻率先降低后升高,光学透过率和禁带宽度先升高后降低。150℃下真空退火的ZnO/Cu/ZnO薄膜的性能最佳,最高可见光透光率为90.5%,电阻率为1.28×10-4Ω·cm,载流子浓度为4.10×1021cm-3。     

Ga_2O_3薄膜的常温磁控溅射制备对其结构及光学特性的影响

本文通过常温射频磁控溅射在单抛硅片和石英玻璃基底上溅射制备Ga_2O_3薄膜。采用分光光度计和椭偏仪测试薄膜的紫外光波段的透过率、折射率和光学吸收,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试了不同氧气氛下Ga_2O_3薄膜中氧元素的化学价态及其含量,X射线衍射(XRD)测试和拉曼散射光谱测试研究退火对薄膜生长及晶相结构的影响,采用微控四探针测试仪测试了薄膜的电阻率。研究了溅射功率、氩氧比、退火等工艺参数对薄膜结构及光电性能的影响。研究发现经过常温溅射后,再经过后退火处理的薄膜,无论在结构还是光学性能都优于之前传统制备工艺。结果显示:在氩氧比为80∶20、溅射功率为175 W、压强1.5 Pa条件下溅射2 h,沉积的薄膜厚度为197.6 nm,在紫外光波段吸收峰在284 nm,峰值透过率达到92.82%。在900℃退火下,薄膜的导电性能最好,电阻率达到137.21 m·cm。XRD测试和拉曼散射光谱结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜表现出择优生长趋势,发现β-Ga_2O_3的(201)、(401)和(403)的衍射峰随着退火温度的增加进一步增强。利用Tauc公式由透过率数据计算光学带隙结果表明,随着退火温度升高薄膜光学带隙由在4.93～5.28 eV范围内变化。     

VSe2薄膜的光电性质及背接触特性的研究

采用电子束蒸发法制备VSe2薄膜并进行退火处理,通过XRD、SEM、透过谱、Hall效应、电导率–温度关系等表征了薄膜的结构、形貌、光学和电学性质,用半导体特性测试仪研究了VSe2薄膜的背接触特性。结果表明:VSe2薄膜在一定的退火温度下结晶并呈稳定的六方相,VSe2薄膜为p型直接禁带跃迁材料,光能隙约2.35 eV。将VSe2作为背接触层应用于CdTe多晶薄膜太阳电池,消除了roll-over现象,有效提高了器件性能。     

CdZnTe薄膜的CdCl2退火及性能表征

采用近空间升华法制备了CdZnTe薄膜,并对其进行CdCl2退火,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外光谱仪、I-V测试仪等研究了退火对薄膜表面形貌、成分、结构以及光电性能的影响。结果表明,经过CdCl2退火后薄膜的晶粒尺寸明显增大,晶粒分布更加均匀;XRD分析结果显示,退火后薄膜的最强峰(111)峰的半峰宽变窄,薄膜沿(111)方向的择优取向明显增强;退火后薄膜的光学透过率降低,截止边红移,光学禁带宽度减小;薄膜的电阻率在退火后下降了两个数量级。     

退火温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO薄膜性质的影响

为了提高ZnO薄膜的光学性能,采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)和简易浸渍提拉法在石英基片上制备ZnO薄膜,并在不同温度下进行退火处理。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、光致发光(PL)及紫外可见分光光度计对薄膜的结构特征、表面形貌和光学性质进行表征和测试。结果表明:所制备的ZnO薄膜均为六方形纤锌矿结构,结晶程度随退火温度的升高逐渐提高,薄膜透光性能良好,当退火温度低于500℃时,ZnO薄膜在见光区的平均透过率在70%以上。     

衬底温度对Ta2O5薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法在不同衬底温度下(27、150、300、450和750℃)制备Ta2O5薄膜。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光分光光度计对薄膜的结构、表面形貌和光学性质进行分析研究。实验结果表明,当衬底温度450℃时,薄膜开始结晶。低于450℃,薄膜为无定形态,光学透过率随着衬底温度的升高而升高,在可见光区域最大透过率为85%。薄膜结晶生成晶粒,会对通过的光束产生散射,降低透过率,光学性能下降。这些结果说明衬底温度和薄膜材料的结构、结晶转变温度及光学性质密切相关。     

VO2薄膜的制备及其热致相变特性研究

以双氧水和V2O5粉末为前驱体制备出V2O5溶胶,然后在云母基底上成膜,通过后续热处理退火得到优异相变性能的VO2薄膜。采用SEM、XRD分析薄膜形貌和微观结构,利用FT-IR等检测薄膜的光学性质。实验表明,VO2薄膜在云母基底上沿(011)晶面择优取向生长,颗粒生长致密且大小分布均匀。薄膜具有优异的相变陡然性,相变温度及滞后温宽都较低。在红外波段,相变前后透过率及反射率变化都较大,对红外光调节性能较好;在可见光波段,薄膜在相变前后都具有较高可见光透过率。     

Improved photoluminescence and ferroelectric properties of (Bi(3.6)Eu(0.4))Ti₃O₁₂ thin films via Li+ doping

(Bi(3.6)Eu(0.4))Ti?O?? (BEuT) thin films with different Li+ doping contents were prepared on fused silica and Pt/Ti/SiO?/Si substrates by chemical solution deposition, and the effects of Li+ doping contents on the photoluminescence and ferroelectric properties of the thin films were investigated in detail. The results showed that an appropriate amount of Li+ doping could effectively improve emission intensities for two characteristic Eu3+ emission transitions of ?D?→?F? (594 nm) and ?D?→?F? (617 nm) compared with BEuT thin films without Li doping. This photoluminescence improvement can be attributed to the dual roles of Li+ ions, one of which is that Li ions can act as co-activators which are helpful to the energy transfer from the host to the Eu3+ ions, leading to a higher quantum yield; the other is that Li ion doping can induce local distortion of crystal field surrounding the Eu3+ activator because Bi3+ and Li+ ions have different ionic radii. In addition, the Li+-doped BEuT thin films had larger remanent polarization than BEuT thin films without Li doping prepared under the same experimental conditions. These results suggest that Li+ doping is an effective way to improve photoluminescence and ferroelectric properties of the (Bi,Eu)?Ti?O?? thin films.     

Low temperature annealing effects on the structure and optical properties of ZnO films grown by pulsed laser deposition

ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature (RT) ∼500 °C by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique and then were annealed at 150-450 °C in air. The effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure and optical properties of the thin films deposited at each substrate temperature were investigated by XRD, SEM, transmittance spectra, and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that the c-axis orientation of ZnO thin films was not destroyed by annealing treatments; the grain size increased and stress relaxed for the films deposited at 200-500 °C, and thin films densified for the films deposited at RT with increasing annealing temperature. The transmittance spectra indicated that E_g of thin films showed a decreased trend with annealing temperature. From the PL measurements, there was a general trend, that is UV emission enhanced with lower annealing temperature and disappeared at higher annealing temperature for the films deposited at 200-500 °C; no UV emission was observed for the films deposited at RT regardless of annealing treatment. Improvement of grain size and stoichiometric ratio with annealing temperature can be attributed to the enhancement of UV emission, but the adsorbed oxygen species on the surface and grain boundary of films are thought to contribute the annihilation of UV emission. It seems that annealing at lower temperature in air is an effective method to improve the UV emission for thin films deposited on glass substrate at substrate temperature above RT.     

Mg-Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及其光学特性

采用溶胶-凝胶（sol—gel）旋涂法在载玻片上制备了不同A1掺杂量的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜．在室温下利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光致发光（PL）谱仪等手段分析了Mg—Al共掺杂Zn0薄膜的微结构、形貌和发光特性．XRD结果表明Mg．AI＆掺杂zn0薄膜具有六角纤锌矿结构;随着Al掺杂量的增加,共掺杂薄膜呈C轴取向生长．由SEM照片可知薄膜表面形貌随Al掺杂量的增加由颗粒状结构向纳米棒状结构转变．透射光谱表明共掺杂薄膜在可见光区内的透射率大于50％,紫外吸收边发生蓝移．在室温下的PL谱表明Mg—Al共掺杂zn0薄膜的紫外发射峰向短波长方向移动：Al掺杂摩尔分数为1％和3％的Mg—Al共掺杂ZnO薄膜的可见发射峰分别为596nm的黄光和565nm的绿光．黄光主要与氧间隙有关,而绿光主要与氧空位有关．     

Effects of annealing and deposition temperature on the structural and optical properties of AZO thin films

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were deposited on p- type Si(100) substrate by r.f magnetron sputtering at 200, 300 and 400 °C substrate temperatures. The deposited films were annealed in air atmosphere for 1 h at temperatures of 700, 800 and 900 °C. The deposition temperature and post-deposition annealing effects on structural and optical properties of the AZO samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope and photoluminescence (PL). After annealing, the value of full width half maximum of the diffraction peaks was decreased as well as, the intensity of visible and strong UV PL emission peaks were increased with temperature. However, the deep-level emission related with zinc point defects was removed by annealing of the samples. Results revealed that all of the as-deposited and annealed AZO films have hexagonal structure along (002) direction and their crystallinity were improved with the increased deposition and post-growth annealing temperatures. In addition, the surface roughness and the particle size of the films were increased with increased deposition and annealing temperatures.     

Preparation and luminescence of nano-sized In(2)O(3) and rare-earth co-doped SiO(2) thin films

The sol-gel method was used to prepare SiO(2) thin films co-doped with In(2)O(3) nano-particles and Eu(3+). The formation of nano-sized In(2)O(3) particles after annealing at 900?°C was confirmed by the x-ray diffraction technique. A novel phase transition from a hexagonal rhombic centered to a body centered cubic structure of In(2)O(3) nano-particles was observed at around 1100?°C. It is found that the particle size and the particle density of In(2)O(3) can be tuned by changing the annealing temperature and the indium doping concentration, respectively. The characteristic emission bands from Eu(3+) ions can be observed at room temperature and the luminescence intensity is increased 20 times by introducing In(2)O(3) nano-particles into Eu(3+)-doped silica films. The integrated luminescence intensity was gradually enhanced by increasing the In(3+) concentration, suggesting effective energy transfer from nano-sized In(2)O(3) to Eu(3+) ions.     

Er-doped alumina crystalline films deposited by radiofrequency magnetron co-sputtering

Er-doped dielectric films are materials characterized by the emission of an intense photoluminescence signal at λ = 1.54 μm. The shape and intensity of the radiative emission of Er³⁺ ions may depend on the compositional and structural characteristics of the host dielectric matrix. With a suitable choice of the preparation parameters, we were able to synthesize luminescence dielectric thin films of crystalline alumina doped with erbium atoms by means of radiofrequency magnetron co-sputtering deposition. The samples were mainly characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The films show interesting changes of the 1.54 μm emission band shape as a function of the optical activation annealing temperature.     

Enhanced photoluminescence and electrical properties of 0-3 type ZnO/Bi3.6Eu0.4Ti3O12 nanocomposite thin films

0-3 type ZnO/Bi_3.6Eu_0.4Ti₃O₁₂ (BEuT) nanocomposite films with ZnO nanopowders in BEuT host were prepared by chemical solution deposition. The effects of ZnO content on the structure, photoluminescence, and electrical properties of the films were investigated. The ZnO/BEuT molar ratio strongly affected the grain size and growth orientation of BEuT, dielectric and ferroelectric properties, as well as emission intensity. The nanocomposite films showed strong red emission peaks due to ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. Good electrical properties with high dielectric constant of 480 (at 1 kHz) and large remanent polarization (2P_r) of 32 μC/cm² were obtained for the nanocomposite films having a ZnO/BEuT molar ratio of 1:2. The mechanisms for enhanced photoluminescence and electric properties were discussed. The results suggest that the nanocomposite thin films are promising candidate materials for multifunctional optoelectronic devices.     

Cathodoluminescence of rare earth implanted Ga2O3 and GeO2 nanostructures

Rare earth (RE) doped gallium oxide and germanium oxide micro- and nanostructures, mostly nanowires, have been obtained and their morphological and optical properties have been characterized. Undoped oxide micro- and nanostructures were grown by a thermal evaporation method and were subsequently doped with gadolinium or europium ions by ion implantation. No significant changes in the morphologies of the nanostructures were observed after ion implantation and thermal annealing. The luminescence emission properties have been studied with cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both β-Ga(2)O(3) and GeO(2) structures implanted with Eu show the characteristic red luminescence peak centered at around 610 nm, due to the (5)D(0)-(7)F(2) Eu(3+) intraionic transition. Sharpening of the luminescence peaks after thermal annealing is observed in Eu implanted β-Ga(2)O(3), which is assigned to the lattice recovery. Gd(3+) as-implanted samples do not show rare earth related luminescence. After annealing, optical activation of Gd(3+) is obtained in both matrices and a sharp ultraviolet peak centered at around 315 nm, associated with the Gd(3+) (6)P(7/2)-(8)S(7/2) intraionic transition, is observed. The influence of the Gd ion implantation and the annealing temperature on the gallium oxide broad intrinsic defect band has been analyzed.     

Influence of the annealing in nitrogen atmosphere on the XRD, EDX, SEM and electrical properties of chemical bath deposited CdSe thin films

The influence of annealing in nitrogen atmosphere on the structure, optical and electrical properties of cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) onto glass substrates was studied. The samples were annealed in nitrogen atmosphere at various temperatures. A transition from metastable nanocrystalline cubic to stable polycrystalline hexagonal phase has been observed after annealing. The as-deposited CdSe thin films grow in the nanocrystalline cubic phase with optical band gap 1.93 eV. The electrical resistivity of the thin films has been measured in order of 10⁶ Ω cm. The activation energy of the samples has been found to be 0.26–0.19 eV at low temperature region, and 0.36–0.56 eV at high temperature region. It was also found that the activation energy and the resistivity of the films decrease with the increasing annealing temperature.     

Influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of highly-oriented Al and Er co-doped ZnO films

High-quality c-axis oriented 7 mol% Al and 1.5 mol% Er co-doped ZnO films (ZEAO) were prepared on the quartz glass substrates by using sol–gel method. The influence of the annealing temperature on the crystal orientation, microstructure and optical properties of the ZEAO thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV–vis transmittance spectrophotometer, respectively. XRD results revealed that all the samples were polycrystalline with hexagonal structure and exhibited (002) preferential orientation. With increasing the annealing temperature, the grain size and orientation extent increased. The optical studies showed each ZEAO film had a relatively high transmittance above 85 %. The transmittance as high as 95 % was obtained at the annealing temperature of 800 °C, and the corresponding average grain size was about 50 nm. The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra of these films were also used to characterize the luminescence properties. Strong UV emission centered at 380 nm was observed in the CL spectra taken for the pure ZnO. For the ZEAO sample, the blue-green emission is related to the 4f shell transition in the Er³⁺ ions of ZnO matrices, corresponding to a transition from the excited states (⁴F_5/2).