二维光子晶体微腔的制备及其对硅光学材料的光量子放大

光子晶体(PC)可以增加光物质相互作用和光发射效率,在微纳光子学、量子光学及信息光学等领域中都有着广泛的应用。近年来,二维硅基光子晶体微腔的发光增强效应研究取得了较为重大的突破。本文针对现有二维光子晶体及微腔的制备方法与发光性能的调控展开论述,详细介绍了二维光子晶体微腔的制备进程与温度、泵浦能量、微腔结构对微腔Q因子以及发光性能的影响,并进一步展望了二维光子晶体在硅材料光量子放大领域未来研究所面临的问题及应用前景。     

光子晶体传感器的研究进展

光子晶体是一类具有光子能带和带隙的新型光学材料,近年来已成为传感器技术领域的研究热点。光子晶体微腔、光子晶体波导、光子晶体光纤在传感器领域得到了广泛应用,而凝胶光子晶体、反蛋白石光子晶体、分子印迹光子晶体则实现了化学生物传感器的"裸眼检测技术"。重点分类介绍了一维、二维、三维光子晶体的制备及其在传感器领域的应用进展。     

基于侧边耦合一维光子晶体微腔的高分辨率光子温度计

针对线上耦合结构的高品质因数一维光子晶体微腔具有极低透射率的缺陷,提出研制一种具有高分辨率、高信噪比、高动态范围的侧边耦合一维光子晶体温度计。通过调制光子晶体单元结构的反射系数以及微腔和耦合波导之间的模场重叠,光子晶体器件的品质因数和透射率得到提高。制备得到的器件品质因数值、灵敏度、消光比和基模与二阶模之间的模式间隔分别为2.7×10⁴、65.6 pm/℃、0.45和18.5 nm。采用扫频测量技术,该光子温度计具有mK量级分辨率和超过280℃的温度感应范围。     

二维点缺陷等离子体光子晶体缺陷模特性研究

利用基于有限元法的COMSOL软件仿真研究了在微波波段下二维点缺陷光子晶体缺陷模的特性。主要讨论了在TM模式下,点缺陷对透射系数的影响以及等离子体密度对二维点缺陷等离子体光子晶体透射系数的影响。重点研究了缺陷模与等离子体密度之间的关系,以及光子晶体的层数对缺陷模特性的影响。研究结果对微波段的多通道滤波器、波分复用器的设计和制作提供了理论参考。     

高温环境下AT切石英谐振器振动特性分析

为了研究AT切型石英晶体谐振器在不同温度环境下的振动状态,利用有限元仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0分析了石英晶体在不同温度下沿x方向振动位移分布情况,直观地观察了寄生模态的振动位移,计算了不同温度下电极区能量占比以及品质因数,并通过实验测量了不同温度下AT切型石英晶体品质因数及温频效应。仿真结果表明,随温度变化,AT切型石英晶体表面始终存在典型的能陷效应,未加剧模态间的耦合问题。实验结果表明,AT切型石英晶体频率随温度变化趋势与理论一致,实验数据与仿真计算的品质因数随温度改变均无明显变化。研究成果证明AT切型石英晶体具有良好的热稳定性,可以作为石英晶体微天平（Quartz Crystal Microbalance, QCM）传感器在高温环境下的敏感元件,对高温环境下敏感器件的选择具有指导意义。     

一种新型光子晶体结构微带天线

提出一种关于二维光子晶体基底的微带天线,光子晶体是一种人造的周期性电介质结构。采用的方法是在介质基片中引入周期性分布的空气孔,孔径的分布式采用点阵排列,即中心孔径的深度比周围孔径的深度要低一些,采用HFSS软件对这些结构进行模拟仿真,仿真结果表明PBG结构对微带天线的增益和方向性有一定改善。     

二维局域共振型声子晶体微腔结构的带隙特性研究

利用有限元法研究了含十字型所形成的二维局域共振型微腔声子晶体结构的声波带隙特性。同时计算了最低带隙带边对应模态的位移分布和结构的传输谱。研究结果表明,含微腔结构的声子晶体在较低频率域内出现了完全带隙且带隙边缘的起始频率低,然而对于无微腔结构的类四边形声子晶体板中,则无第二带隙出现,并且第一带隙频率宽度较窄。微腔结构是产生局域共振以及出现低频带隙的最主要的原因。该研究为声子晶体在低频减振和噪音控制的工程应用方面提供了有益的支持。     

光子晶体的研究进展

阐述了光子晶体理论研究方法。分别对一维、二维、三维光子晶体的研究进展进行介绍,并对光子晶体的应用前景给予了简短的评述。     

掩膜对GaAs基二维光子晶体ICP刻蚀效果的影响

结合刻蚀GaAs基光子晶体在光子晶体垂直腔面发射激光器中的应用,研究了光刻胶、SiO2掩膜的特性以及对GaAs基二维光子晶体ICP刻蚀效果的影响,并分析了ICP刻蚀小尺寸光子晶体时,造成底面凹凸不平、侧壁粗糙、垂直度差的原因.最后,调整工艺条件,利用BP212-7CP光刻胶做掩膜,成功制作了直径为1.2～4.0μm、深度为1.5μm的侧壁光滑垂直、底面平整的高质量光子晶体结构.     

二维旋转直柱光子晶体的频率带隙结构分析

设计了一种二维方形旋转正四边形直柱光子晶体,利用平面波展开方法计算了其光子频率带结构,发现在低频和高频区域,该类光子晶体的光子频率禁带明显增大.计算了空气中Al材料的旋转四边形直柱光子晶体的带结构和态密度,当填充比等于0.5时存在绝对带隙,旋转角度为45°时绝对带隙最大,旋转角度为0时,光子频率禁带位于高频区域.利用FDTD方法检验了计算结果,并分析了旋转角度为45°时,正四边形直柱光子晶体的波导特性以及TM模的电场分布.     

The two-dimensional hybrid surface plasma micro-cavity

A hybrid surface plasma micro-cavity structure with a defect cavity is formed based on the two-dimensional surface plasmon resonance photonic crystal waveguide structure. A cell defect is introduced in the centre of the photonic crystal layer to build the hybrid surface plasma micro-cavity structure. This work is numerical based on the finite-difference time-domain method. The photon energy is confined to the micro-cavity and the photon energy is strongest at the interface between the insulating layer and the metal layer. The micro-cavity structure has a very small mode volume of sub-wavelength scale in the 1550 nm communication band. The value of Q/V is up to 7132.08 λ/n^?3.     

光子晶体微腔半导体激光器的研究进展

概述了光子晶体微腔半导体激光器的研究进展，从物理机理、数值模拟、以及工艺实现方法等方面作了详细的叙述，并对其在光子集成中的应用前景进行了展望。     

Low-power optical switching with Kerr nonlinear material in two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavity

We investigate numerically optical bistability in direct-coupled cavity–waveguide photonic crystal system using the finite-difference time-domain method. The quality factor of the cavity is optimized by engineering the geometrical parameters. Numerical results indicate that the threshold power of optical bistability can be reduced greatly due to the increased quality factor.     

Side-coupled nanoscale photonic crystal structure with high-Q and high-stability for simultaneous refractive index and temperature sensing

In this paper, we propose a single-mode double-cavity photonic crystal (PhC) sensor for simultaneous detection of ambient refractive index (RI) and temperature. L3 cavity and L4 cavity are cascaded on both sides of the photonic crystal W1 waveguide. Two 0th-order modes generated by the two cavities with Q-factors over 16,330.80 and 8358.21 are used for sensing, which have a strong constraint on photons than the higher-order modes. By simulating the refractive index and temperature of the PhC structure, the sensing matrix can realize simultaneous sensing of two parameters. The maximum crosstalk of the two cavities is very low and can increase the accuracy of the detection. And the structure shows a good fabrication tolerance considering the deviation of the hole radius. The application of the PhC to dual-parameter sensing with high accuracy is proposed, which provides an idea for dual-parameter sensing.     

All-optical bistable switching based on photonic crystal slab nanocavity using nonlinear Kerr effect

In this paper, we propose all-optical bistable switching based on a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal slab nanocavity using the nonlinear Kerr effect with improved optical properties such as on/off ratio and switching power. The nonlinear properties of different kinds of nanocavity-based L3 structures are characterized. Using the 2D finite-difference time-domain method, we present a new structure of nanocavities for all-optical switching. The device has on/off ratio greater than 15?dB and power smaller than 375?mW for input optical pulses in the range of picoseconds.     

NaGd(WO4)2:Yb3+/Tm3+反蛋白石光子晶体的制备与上转换发光调制研究

三维光子晶体具有长程有序的结构特点, 在可见和近红外光谱范围内有着广泛的应用。光子晶体的一个重要性质是其对嵌入其中的发光中心自发辐射具有调制作用。本研究利用自组装和模板辅助法制备高质量的三维NaGd(WO₄)₂:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺反蛋白石光子晶体, 探究了光子带隙对Tm³⁺离子上转换荧光发射与发光动力学的调制作用。通过对比分析发现, 由于反蛋白石光子晶体独特的周期性大孔结构和光子带隙效应, 处于光子带隙内的Tm³⁺离子¹G₄-³H₆的发光强度被抑制约45%, 自发辐射速率(SDR)被抑制约30%, 同时上转换局域热效应得到有效的调制。本实验结果对探索新型高效稀土掺杂上转换发光材料和提高上转换发光效率有指导意义。     

One- and two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavities in single crystal diamond

Diamond is an attractive material for photonic quantum technologies because its colour centres have a number of outstanding properties, including bright single photon emission and long spin coherence times. To take advantage of these properties it is favourable to directly fabricate optical microcavities in high-quality diamond samples. Such microcavities could be used to control the photons emitted by the colour centres or to couple widely separated spins. Here, we present a method for the fabrication of one- and two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavities with quality factors of up to 700 in single crystal diamond. Using a post-processing etching technique, we tune the cavity modes into resonance with the zero phonon line of an ensemble of silicon-vacancy colour centres, and we measure an intensity enhancement factor of 2.8. The controlled coupling of colour centres to photonic crystal microcavities could pave the way to larger-scale photonic quantum devices based on single crystal diamond.     

Optical properties of a square-lattice photonic crystal within the partial bandgap

Optical properties of a two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal are systematically investigated within the partial bandgap through anisotropic characteristics analysis and numerical simulation of field pattern. Using the plane-wave expansion method and Hellmann-Feynman theorem, the relationships between the incident and refracted angles for both phase and group velocities are calculated to analyze light propagation from air to photonic crystals. Three kinds of flat slab focusing are summarized and demonstrated by numerical simulations using the multiple scattering method.     

Asymmetric light transmission based on coupling between photonic crystal waveguides and L1/L3 cavity

A compact design of all-optical diode with mode conversion function based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide and an L1 or L3 cavity is theoretically investigated. The proposed photonic crystal structures comprise a triangular arrangement of air holes embedded in a silicon substrate. Asymmetric light propagation is achieved via the spatial mode match/mismatch in the coupling region. The simulations show that at each cavity’s resonance frequency, the transmission efficiency of the structure with the L1 and L3 cavities reach 79% and 73%, while the corresponding unidirectionalities are 46 and 37 dB, respectively. The functional frequency can be controlled by simply adjusting the radii of specific air holes in the L1 and L3 cavities. The proposed structure can be used as a frequency filter, a beam splitter and has potential applications in all-optical integrated circuits.     

Fabrication of photonic crystals on several kinds of semiconductor materials by using focused-ion beam method

In this paper, we introduced the fabrication of photonic crystals on several kinds of semiconductor materials by using focused-ion beam machine, it shows that the method of focused-ion beam can fabricate two-dimensional photonic crystal and photonic crystal device efficiently, and the quality of the fabricated photonic crystal is high. Using the focused-ion beam method, we fabricate photonic crystal wavelength division multiplexer, and its characteristics are analyzed.