基于特性的软件需求管理工具的研究与应用

需求管理是软件项目管理的一项重要任务。需求管理的目标是管理和控制需求,维护软件计划、产品和活动与需求的一致性,并保证用户的需求最终得到实现。近年来,市场上出现了一些辅助进行需求管理的软件工具,但那些产品总的来说都价格昂贵且不易部署和使用。文中将从需求管理的理论入手,抓住需求管理的关键问题,在容易获取的基础软件平台上实现了一个需求管理辅助工具——WSSRMS,实际项目的应用表明该工具实用、有效。     

信息系统需求分析质量控制方法研究

阐述了信息系统需求分析质量控制的重要性。提出了从管理学、经济学以及工程技术的角度进行需求分析质量控制的方法。     

论管理信息系统研发中软件质量保证与控制

该文探讨了软件质量和质量治理模型,并根据在一个通用小区物业管理信息系统中的应用实践,研究了管理信息系统开发中软件质量保证与控制。     

一种利用UML的软件需求阶段风险评估方法

在软件开发活动早期阶段评估软件的风险及其影响程度将有效减少软件开发成本和降低软件开发风险。针对目前软件风险评估的研究主要集中在软件过程的中后期阶段的现状及遵循"尽早识别和控制风险"的实践准则,提出了一种在软件需求分析阶段,利用UML建模图形度量软件风险的方法。该方法主要关注在软件需求分析阶段预防软件风险,为降低风险在软件开发后期产生严重影响提供优化参考。     

A Framework for Improving the Requirements Engineering Process Management

This paper presents a system dynamics model for improving the requirements engineering process management. The paper argues that improving RE process management improves the quality of the specification produced. It uses a simulation modelling approach to capture the complex and dynamic nature of quality and also the cost of resources and time needed to complete the process. Current claims by various researchers and empirical evidence has led to our proposition that “the earlier in the requirements engineering phase that system dynamics simulation modelling is used, the more effective the RE process management is and the better its product quality will be.” In developing such a model, the paper fills an important gap in the RE process management literature and has potential to provide requirement engineers, managers and software development organisations with a model-based process framework to aid quality assessment and improvement. The paper concludes by suggesting that the framework makes a useful contribution both in providing the foundations for theory building in RE process management and quality improvement by aiding shared understanding through learning and training situations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Requirements Engineering and Downstream Software Development: Findings from a Case Study

Requirements management is being recognized as one of the most important albeit difficult phases in software engineering. The literature repeatedly cites the role of well-defined requirements and requirements management process in problem analysis and project management as benefiting software development throughout the life cycle: during design, coding, testing, maintenance and documentation of software. This paper reports on the findings of an investigation into industrial practice of requirements management process improvement and its positive effects on downstream software development. The evidence reveals a strong relationship between a well-defined requirements process and increased developer productivity, improved project planning through better estimations and enhanced ability for stakeholders to negotiate project scope. These results are important since there is little empirical evidence of the actual benefits of sound requirements practice, in spite of the plethora of claims in the literature. An account of these effects not only adds to our understanding of good requirements practice but also provides strong motivation for software organizations to develop programs for improvement of their requirements processes.     

群件技术在质量管理中的应用研究

本文介绍了一些典型的群件技术和一个以取得ＩＳＯ９０００质量认证为目的的质量管理方法，对群件技术和质量管理过程两者的结合作了探讨，并以两个流行的群件软件ＬｏｔｕｓＮｏｔｅｓ和ＭｉｃｒＯｓｏｆｔＮｅｔＭｅｅｔｉｎｇ为例说明了群件技术在质量管理过程的作用。     

基于C++的软件编码阶段的质量保证方法和工具

在基于C++的软件产品开发过程中,如何保证编码阶段的质量,是软件开发人员关注的关键问题之一。文章以面向网络海量空间信息大型GIS的开发中的编码质量保证实践为背景和案例,说明了基于C++的软件编码过程的质量保证关键方法和工具。     

REUBI: A Requirements Engineering method for ubiquitous systems

Recent technological advances are increasing the spread of Ubiquitous Computing, leading to the appearance of numerous software systems, which benefit from the features of this new paradigm. Nevertheless, there are a lack of methodologies to properly support the development process of these systems. An important part of the Software Engineering lifecycle is the Requirements Engineering stage, as it grounds the bases for system design for their success. In particular, systematically addressing Non-Functional Requirements such as dynamicity and adaptation, that are important features of ubiquitous systems, eventually leads to higher quality designs. In this paper, a Requirements Engineering Method for the analysis of Ubiquitous Systems, called REUBI, is introduced. It is a goal-based method that represents the influence of context and adverse situations, providing an evaluation procedure to help in the decision making about objectives satisfaction. The proposal is illustrated through the analysis of a Positioning Service of a real system. Additionally, the application of the method has been evaluated by a team of software engineers for the analysis of an Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) health care system.     

Relating Requirements and Architectures: A Study of Data-Grids

The requirements and architecture of any complex software system are highly interdependent. We have studied the relationship between these two concerns in several data-Grid systems. Data-Grids are characterized by an infrastructure that focuses on the coordinated management of, and access to distributed data resources. We survey current data-Grid projects to demonstrate that a set of general requirements for data-Grid systems can be identified. Architectural styles are a way of highlighting design and engineering similarities between software systems. We consider the styles that are exhibited by current data-Grids and use a lightweight methodology to analyze how these styles support general requirements. Our conclusions provide guidelines to assist the data-Grid developer in making informed architectural choices.     

A System for Generating Reverse Engineering Tools: A Case Study of Software Modularisation

The paper presents a case study in the development of software modularisation tools. The tools are produced by using a system for developing code analysers that uses a database to store both a no-loss fine-grained intermediate representation and the analyses' results. The analysers are automatically generated from a high-level specification of the desired analyses expressed in a domain-oriented language. We use a program intermediate representation, called F(p), as the user-visible data base conceptual model. Analysers are specified in a declarative language, called F(p) – , which allows the specification of an analysis in the form of a traversal of an algebraic expression, with accesses to, and stores of, the database information the algebraic expression indexes. A foreign language interface allows the analysers to be embedded into C programs. This is useful, for example, to implement the user interface of an analyser or to facilitate interoperation of the generated analysers with pre-existing tools.     

软件质量管理研究的发展

软件质量以及软件质量管理日益成为人们关注的焦点。文章在前人研究的基础上,对目前国际上流行的软件质量管理的理论和方法进行研究,重点讨论了当前较为通用的两种软件质量管理的标准——ISO9000标准和CMM（能力成熟度模型）,并分析二者的相关性和差异性。总结了国内软件质量管理的现状,以及进行软件过程改进所面临的问题。     

System security assurance: A systematic literature review

System security assurance provides the confidence that security features, practices, procedures, and architecture of software systems mediate and enforce the security policy and are resilient against security failure and attacks. Alongside the significant benefits of security assurance, the evolution of new information and communication technology (ICT) introduces new challenges regarding information protection. Security assurance methods based on the traditional tools, techniques, and procedures may fail to account new challenges due to poor requirement specifications, static nature, and poor development processes. The common criteria (CC) commonly used for security evaluation and certification process also comes with many limitations and challenges. In this paper, extensive efforts have been made to study the state-of-the-art, limitations and future research directions for security assurance of the ICT and cyber–physical systems (CPS) in a wide range of domains. We conducted a systematic review of requirements, processes, and activities involved in system security assurance including security requirements, security metrics, system and environments and assurance methods. We highlighted the challenges and gaps that have been identified by the existing literature related to system security assurance and corresponding solutions. Finally, we discussed the limitations of the present methods and future research directions.     

Crowdsourced Requirements Engineering Challenges and Solutions: A Software Industry Perspective

Software crowdsourcing (SW CS) is an evolving software development paradigm, in which crowds of people are asked to solve various problems through an open call (with the encouragement of prizes for the top solutions). Because of its dynamic nature, SW CS has been progressively accepted and adopted in the software industry. However, issues pertinent to the understanding of requirements among crowds of people and requirements engineers are yet to be clarified and explained. If the requirements are not clear to the development team, it has a significant effect on the quality of the software product. This study aims to identify the potential challenges faced by requirements engineers when conducting the SW–CS based requirements engineering (RE) process. Moreover, solutions to overcome these challenges are also identified. Qualitative data analysis is performed on the interview data collected from software industry professionals. Consequently, 20 SW–CS based RE challenges and their subsequent proposed solutions are devised, which are further grouped under seven categories. This study is beneficial for academicians, researchers and practitioners by providing detailed SW–CS based RE challenges and subsequent solutions that could eventually guide them to understand and effectively implement RE in SW CS.     

算法工程的思想、方法与工具——以SAT算法为研究实例

The recently emerging idea of Algorithm Engineering in the community of Computer Science is about how to engineer computer algorithms by integrating the design, analysis, implementation, experimental testing, refine-ment, etc. of them, aiming at improving their runtime performance.In this paper, we try to develop the main idea of the theory and methodology of algorithm engineering, and givean introduction to some useful tools. In order to concretize our discussion and illustrate the effectiveness of algorithm engineering, we will base our study on the engineering of SAT algorithms. According to the rules and methodologies of algorithm engineering we have learned, we implement a simple but efficient SAT solver, Quick SAT, as a testbed.Although we haven‘t utilized most of the advanced techniques used in modern SAT solvers, the result of experimental comparison shows that Quick SAT is close in performance to zChaff, one of the leading SAT solvers in the world to-day.     

Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering: A Unifying Framework

The study of contemporary requirements engineering (RE) methodologies indicates that modelling of organisational goals constitutes a central activity of the RE process. In particular, goals provide the rationale and drive the elaboration of the requirements that operationalise them. They also provide the criteria against which the completeness and correctness of the requirements specification is validated. In other words, requirements implement goals in the same way that programs implement design specifications. Despite the significance of goals in RE, research in the field is fragmented. No research has so far taken place in order to define the overall role that goals play in RE. This paper puts forward a unifying view of goal analysis in the context of RE. This allows the identification of similarities and differences between the different conceptions of goal used by different approaches and promotes the understanding of the overall role of goal analysis in RE. Based on this understanding the various approaches can be put together, thus leading to a stronger goal-driven RE framework that takes advantage of the contributions from the many streams of goal-oriented research.     

CONCENSUS: multi-party negotiation support for conflict resolution in concurrent engineering design

Advances in telematics have led many manufacturing companies in particular to explore the adoption of groupware technology to improve communication between team members. However, complex activities such as conflict resolution are still predominantly facilitated through face-to-face negotiation meetings. Intelligent software agents technology is being applied to support computer-mediated conflict resolution activities, such as information search and retrieval, recording negotiation process history and task allocation – whilst the creative negotiation activities such as generating new solutions, preventing and detecting conflicts are still left to the human experts. This paper describes the development of a framework for the support of multi-party negotiation for multi-agent systems, which will be introduced through a general overview of the requirements of multi-agent negotiation. Finally, the current architecture of the developed prototype for a CONCurrent Engineering Negotiation SUpport System (CONCENSUS) is presented.     

智能需求获取与建模研究综述

需求获取和建模是指从需求文本或记录中获取显式和隐式的需求,并通过表格化、图形化、形式化等方法构建相应模型的过程,是软件开发过程中极为关键的一步,为后续系统设计与实现铺平道路,提高软件开发效率和质量,提升软件系统稳定性和可行性.研究者们在需求获取与建模方面获得了一系列研究成果,根据其关注阶段不同,可以将它们分为需求知识提...     

CREWS-SAVRE: Scenarios for Acquiring and Validating Requirements

This paper reports research into semi-automatic generation of scenarios for validating software-intensive system requirements. The research was undertaken as part of the ESPRIT IV 21903 CREWS long-term research project. The paper presents the underlying theoretical models of domain knowledge, computational mechanisms and user-driven dialogues needed for scenario generation. It describes how CREWS draws on theoretical results from the ESPRIT III 6353 NATURE basic research action, that is object system models which are abstractions of the fundamental features of different categories of problem domain. CREWS uses these models to generate normal course scenarios, then draws on theoretical and empirical research from cognitive science, human-computer interaction, collaborative systems and software engineering to generate alternative courses for these scenarios. The paper describes a computational mechanism for deriving use cases from object system models, simple rules to link actions in a use case, taxonomies of classes of exceptions which give rise to alternative courses in scenarios, and a computational mechanism for generation of multiple scenarios from a use case specification.