LaFeO3纳米磁性材料四极超精细磁场作用测量

LaFeO3纳米磁性材料是一种有重要意义和发展前景的新材料。我们拟采用时间微分扰动角关联(TDPAC)方法研究和测量LaFeO3中La晶位超精细场与局域磁矩，建立LaFeO3等钙钛矿结构的低维纳米磁性材料中超精细磁场与局域磁矩间的新关系。四极超精细相互作用对磁超精细相互作用有很大影响，在进行磁超精细相互作用测量前，首先进行了四极相互作用测量。     

多晶在非轴对称梯度下的电四极相互作用（I=4）计算

中间态自旋I=4的放射性核探针,在多晶样品中的非轴对称电四极相互作用,其相互作用频率和扰动函数,与惯常使用的I=5/2核探针的情况不同,为了了解和分析I=4的核探针的扰动角关联(PAC)实验,计算了相互作用哈密顿量的本征值、本征函数,从而得出了电场梯度非轴对称系数η≥0下的扰动衰减系数G_(KA)(t)。     

银辐射损伤的扰动角关联研究

采用时间微分扰动角关联方法研究了由~(109)Ag(α;2n)反应产生的反冲核~(111)In在银中产生的辐射损伤及其退火现象和治愈效应。反冲核在银中产生单空位,实验观察到频率为76.2MHz的恒定的四极相互作用;经673K退火,恒定的四极相互作用消失,作用在探针核上的只是远处缺陷产生的电场梯度分布;经873K退火,辐射损伤全部消失。银中辐射损伤与治愈时间关系测量表明,经360h治愈,探针核仍直接捕获缺陷,但相对成分减小到1/3.5;电场梯度分布宽度随治愈时间增长而减小,150h后,不随治愈时间而变。治愈主要发生在辐照后2—10d。     

In_(0.95)Ag_(0.045)Ga_(0.005)合金中的电四极相互作用

本文采用时间微分扰动角关联方法,测量了80—422K温度范围内~(111)Cd在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中的四极相互作用随温度的变化,进而导出晶格电场梯度的温度变化。在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中,晶格电场梯度的温度变化遵从T~(3/2)定律:V_(zz)(T)=V_(zz)(0)(1—BT~(3/2)),斜率B=7.48(47)·10~(-5)K~(-3/2)。在80、298和422K的电场梯度分布宽分别为0.1147(259)、0.0924(340)和1.344(175)。表明在液氮温度和室温时,合金的晶格结构特性较好,温度升高,晶格结构特性变坏。     

点电荷模型分析结构

点电荷模型假定穆斯堡尔原子是点电荷,处于晶体分子一定对称中心,与穆斯堡尔原子键合的配位体是有郊点电荷。它忽略了分子间相互作用和配位体间的相互作用。利用点电荷模型可以推导出电场梯度张量各分量的表达式。由配位体的分电场梯度可以得出各配位体的分四极裂距,用加成法则可得出不同结构分子的穆斯堡尔核电四极裂距的量值和符号,并可对其作结构和键特性分析。     

Wien2k电子结构计算程序及其部分应用

近年来,基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法得到了很大的发展,并被广泛应用。第一性原理的Wien2k程序用于计算键能和态密度,电子密度和自旋密度,电场梯度,超精细场,自旋极化,自旋-轨道耦合,费米面等。根据扰动角关联和角分布、β-NMR和β-NQR研究材料微观结构、磁性和电性需要计算材料的电场梯度、超精细场、自旋极化,引进了Wien2k程序。Wien2k是由Fortran90语言编写的,在UNIX系统中运行。采用Wien2k正在计算LaFeO纳米磁性材料的电场梯度和超精细场。Wien2k电子结构计算程序及其部分应用@杜恩鹏 @郑永男 @周冬梅 @袁大…     

氧化物玻璃中短程有序的穆斯堡尔诺学研究

在以往对氧化物玻璃的穆斯堡尔研究中,通常将谱线按分立的洛仑兹线拟合。然而在玻璃中,由于电场梯度的分布,引起可观的谱线加宽 在本工作中我们用Hesse-Rubartshch法计算四极分裂的总分布,再将所得的分布曲线以高斯线型进行亚谱线拟合,分别给出四面体配位和八面体配位的贡献。所得到的平均四极裂距Δ和分布宽度σ_Δ分别对应于铁离子周围的环境对称性和位置相似性,从而用所得四极分裂分布可以量度玻璃中的短程有序。依据Brodbeck-Bukrey模型,再由四极分裂的分布导出铁离子周围环境的畸变参量的分布,由此得出关于玻璃中短程有序的更详细的定量数据。     

阴离子交换法在分离纯化99Mo中的应用

不同温度下,测定了^99Mo在NH4OH,NaOH,HNO3体系中的分配系数,研究了温度、NH4OH浓度对^99Mo分配系数的影响;测定了^99Mo在硝酸和NaOH—NaNO3体系中的解吸率。实验结果表明,^99Mo在NH4OH体系中吸附和用去离子水洗脱时,没有穿透交换柱;用200mL 3mol／L HNO3解吸时,解吸率可以达到90．6％;用200mL 0．5mol／L-0．5mol／L的NaOH—NaNO3混合溶液解吸时,解吸效率可以达到99．8％以上。     

1992～2005年秦山核电基地外围环境放射性监测

自1992年,浙江省辐射环境监测站对秦山核电基地外围环境辐射水平进行了连续的监督性监测。1992～2005年,秦山核电基地外围环境电离辐射水平和各种介质放射性水平的监测结果如下：在正常运行下,秦山核电基地外围环境7辐射剂量率平均为96nGy／h;大气气溶胶总α、总β比活度分别为0．11、0．45mBq/m^3;环境大气中^3H浓度为71．6mBq/m^3,^14CO2浓度为0．30Bq／g（碳）;沉降物总β比活度为0．81Bq／m^2d;陆地环境淡水（饮用水、湖塘水、井水）中总α、总β、^90Sr、^137Cs浓度分别为65、151、4．4、0．3mBq／L,^3H为1．0Bq／L,雨水^3H浓度为2．8Bq／L;正常排放下基地附近海域海水样品^90Sr、^137Cs平均浓度分别为5．4、0．7mBq／L,^3H为1．0Bq／L;土壤、湖塘泥、潮间带土、海底泥^137Cs平均比活度分别为3．3、1．9、2．4、1．1Bq/kg（干重）;食用植物样品中,大米^90Sr、^137Cs、^3H平均比活度分别为0．06、0．14、0．4Bq／kg,青菜为0．27、0．04、3．1Bq／kg（鲜重）,萝卜为0．10、0．03、2．5Bq／kg（鲜重）;指示植物样品中,茶叶^90Sr、^137Cs、^3H平均比活度分别为3．4、0．49Bq／kg（干重）和4．6Bq／kg（鲜重）,松针分别为9．8、0．10、7．7Bq／kg（鲜重）;肉类动物样品中,猪肉^90Sr、^137Cs平均比活度分别为0．06、0．08Bq／kg（鲜重）,羊肉为0．11、0．03Bq／kg（鲜重）,牛奶为0．03、0．02Bq／k（鲜重）,奶粉^137Cs平均比活度为0．18Bq／kg（干重）,鲻鱼^90Sr、^137Cs平均比活度分别为0．13、0．05Bq／kg（鲜重）。     

用于阵列探测器读出的16通道前端ASIC

本文设计了用于GEM阵列探测器读出的16通道前端ASIC,每个通道包含电荷灵敏前放、CR-（RC）^2成形电路和Class-AB级的输出驱动电路。芯片采用0．6μmCMOS工艺,管芯面积为1．27mm×4．08同mm。输出脉冲的宽度可以从1μs调节到10μs,测得的等效噪声电荷分别为1413e＋20e／pF@脉宽=1μs和1402e＋11e／pF@脉宽=10μs。脉宽为1μs时,输入电荷0-70fC范围内的微分非线性好于1％。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.