Effect of Ag nanoparticles on the electron energy structure and electrical properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)

The effects of inorganic nanoparticles on a conjugated polymer were investigated by measuring the electronic properties of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and PPV/Ag nanocomposites. Through hybridization, an enhancement in current density was achieved with PPV/Ag nanocomposites due to an increase in the electron affinity with Ag nanoparticle content. Furthermore, roughening of the surface morphology was observed with incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. This roughness induces an enhanced applied field at the thinner region of the film and an increase in the surface area with a resulting increase of electron injection, leading to current enhancement.     

Metal/polymer nanocomposite thin films prepared by plasma polymerization and high pressure magnetron sputtering

Recently, there is much interest in nanocomposites consisting of metal nanoparticles dispersed in a dielectric matrix due to their novel functional properties. In many cases the formation of metal clusters is affected by chemical reactions of the metal with the host matrix material during deposition. The integration of a magnetron cluster source into a plasma deposition process allows the pre-formation of clusters in the gas phase and subsequent co-deposition with the matrix material. We chose plasma polymerization of HMDSO as deposition method for the matrix in this case. Here we focus on the composition of the nanocomposites generated by high pressure magnetron sputtering combined with a plasma polymer. The influence of magnetron power, total and HMDSO partial gas pressure on the cluster formation as well as nanocomposite film properties were investigated by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore optical und morphological properties of the prepared nanocomposites have been characterized.     

二氧化钛纳米管的合成及其表征

采用水热合成法，以TiO2粉体和NaOH为原料，成功地制备出了TiO2纳米管。用XRD，SEM，HRTEM，紫外吸收光谱分析仪和光谱辐射分析仪等手段对纳米管进行微观形貌、光学性能的表征，并探讨了其生长机理。结果表明，所得产物为锐钛矿和金红石混晶型TiO2纳米管，管壁为多层，管的外径分布在10nm～50nm，长度可达几微米甚至十几微米，呈开口状；TiO2纳米管的生长机理符合3-2-1D的生长模型，其紫外吸收光谱和光致发光光谱相对于原料粉均呈现出蓝移现象，光致发光光谱显示TiO2纳米管在可见光区的发光强度明显增强。     

CTAB/正己醇/水反胶束体系中合成PPy/TiO2纳米复合粒子

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米粒子,并用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正己醇/水反胶束体系作为微反应器合成了聚吡咯(PPy)/TiO2纳米复合粒子.利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对纳米复合粒子进行了表征.实验结果表明,PPy/TiO2球形粒子的平均粒径为150～200 nm,在复合粒子中球形粒子占据优势,并有团聚的趋势.FTIR和XRD结果显示纳米复合材料由PPy和TiO2组成,无机复合粒子只有部分形成晶体.从该研究结果中可以看出,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备.     

氯对TiAl基合金高温氧化行为的影响

研究了表面喷沙少量ＭｎＣｌ２及离子注入氯对ＴｉＡｌ基合金９５０℃恒温氧化行的影 响ＴｉＡｌ合金９５０℃氧化后氧化膜为ＴｉＯ２及Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物,表面涂少量ＭｎＣｌ２后, 合金氧化速度降低了４个数量级,氧化膜的成分主要为Ａｌ２Ｏ３,离子注入Ｃｌ在氧化初期也显著降低 了氧化速率,延迟了ＴｉＯ２形成时间。     

TiO2/PLCL可降解聚合物纳米复合材料的制备及形状记忆性能

制备TiO2/聚(L-丙交酯-ε-己内酯)(PLCL)纳米复合材料并研究其性能.采用ε-己内酯开环聚合法对TiO2纳米粒子进行表面改性,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)和透射电子显微分析(TEM)对聚己内酯(PCL)接枝改性后的TiO2纳米粒子(g-TiO2)进行表征.g-TiO2纳米粒子能均匀地分散在三氯甲烷溶液中.采用溶液浇铸的方法成功地制备了TiO2/PLCL复合材料.研究g-TiO2纳米粒子的含量对材料力学性能和形状记忆性能的影响.结果表明,5％ g-TiO2/PLCL复合材料的力学性能有显著的提高,与纯PLCL相比,抗拉强度提高了113％,伸长率提高了11％.含有g-TiO2纳米粒子的复合材料的形状记忆性能优于纯PLCL.g-TiO2纳米粒子具有物理交联作用,有助于形状记忆效应的提高.     

Luminescence properties of MEH-PPV and its crosslinked polymer: Effect of crosslink on photoluminescence and electroluminescence

Photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene) (MEH-PPV) and its crosslinked polymer have been investigated in this work. EL and PL of MEH-PPV were affected in both their spectral shape and intensity after introducing a small degree of crosslink between the polymer chains. It is suggested that the EL enhancement can be attributed to the chemical structural variation by the crosslink in the network structure.     

纳米压痕和划痕法测定 TiO2 纳米薄膜的力学性能

目的研究相同工艺条件下阳极氧化法在不同钛合金基底(TA1,TC4,TC4F136)上生成的TiO2薄膜的力学性能差异。方法采用扫描电镜结合原子力显微镜观察3种薄膜的形貌和结构,用UNHT型纳米压痕仪测试TiO2纳米薄膜的力学性能,利用纳米划痕法测试3种钛合金表面生成的TiO2薄膜与基底的结合强度及摩擦性能,用纳米压痕技术测试TiO2的显微硬度和弹性模量。结果电解液及其它电化学条件相同时,不同钛合金基底上形成的TiO2薄膜结构(管直径、管壁厚及管长度)不同。结论阳极氧化法在钛合金基底上生成的TiO2纳米薄膜的力学性能,由TiO2微观结构及其与基底的结合强度决定,微观结构和结合强度归根到底由合金中元素决定。     

通过氢还原热处理提升TiO2薄膜的抗菌性能

提升在可见光区间的抗菌效率一直是二氧化钛(TiO₂)抗菌性能研究的重要方向。采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)制备TiO₂薄膜,并通过氢还原热处理的方法提升TiO₂表面的氧空位浓度从而增强其抗菌性能。结果发现,在以单晶氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)为衬底时,生长的TiO₂薄膜为高度择优取向的锐钛矿相。生长温度越高,锐钛矿相的XRD衍射峰越强,薄膜越致密。将在600℃下生长的350 nm厚的TiO₂薄膜进行抗菌性能测试,发现其抗菌率约为86%。对样品进一步在4%H2氛围下进行还原处理,发现其抗菌率提升到约为97%。通过XPS、UV-Visible和PL测试,发现TiO₂经过还原热处理后在其表面形成更多的氧空位,在TiO₂带隙中形成氧空位缺陷能级,导致在可见光区域吸光性能增强,使其具有更高的抗菌性能。通过氢还原过程调控材料的缺陷组成,并研究TiO₂薄膜的光催化抗菌性能及抗菌机理。这种简易的调控TiO₂光吸...     

微弧氧化电压对钛基氧化膜成分及生物活性的影响

采用微弧氧化法在纯钛表面制备了多孔钛氧化膜并进行表征。室温条件下,采用200V至350V恒压模式以0.5mol/L磷酸溶液作为电解液进行微弧氧化实验。FESEM分析表明,不同电压下,微弧氧化法制备出的氧化膜层均为多孔结构,孔径分布随电压的升高而增大。XRD和XPS分析表明,在强烈的微弧放电过程中,纯钛表面生成了TiO2和TiP2O7,随着电压的增高,TiO2的结晶度和磷元素的含量逐渐升高。体外实验表明,羟基磷灰石的沉积主要归因于样品表面含有大量可分解成HPO24?的TiP2O7,HPO24?离子被吸附到样品表面成核。约4at%磷元素能促进羟基磷灰石的生成。     

钛合金切削过程氧化膜特性研究

高速切削钛合金时，在加工表面会产生氧化膜，对钛合金的力学性能造成影响。对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V进行单因素车削试验，研究切削表面变形特性并对氧化膜表面进行物相分析。结果表明：切削表面会产生严重塑性变形，变形层的厚度随着进给量的增大而增大，切削表面发生氧化反应，形成氧化膜，表面呈现不同的颜色，其成分主要为Al2O3、锐钛矿型 TiO2 和金红石型 TiO2。     

添加TiO2、SiO2纳米粉体对石质文物防护剂改性的研究

通过添加TiO2、SiO2纳米颗粒对一种有机硅氧烷 类渗透固结型石质文物防护剂进行改性，并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外分光光度计等测试了改性后防护剂的性能.研究结果表明，纳米粒子在防护剂中的分散性较好，改性后的纳米复合防护剂的固结性能、耐紫外线、透水等主要性能有了明显的提高.     

燃烧合成-热压制备Al_2O_3-TiC-ZrO_2纳米复合陶瓷的力学性能与显微结构

以ＴｉＯ２,Ａｌ;Ｃ,纳米 ＺｒＯ２粒子为原料,利用燃烧合成－热压工艺制备了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ－ＺｒＯ２纳米复合陶瓷．添加ＺｒＯ２可使 Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ断裂方式由沿晶断裂转变为穿晶断裂．ＺｒＯ２纳米粒子弥散于基体中,其周围产生的应力集中可引发位错,起到亚晶界的作甲,并可使位错钉扎、堆积,阻碍位错运动,从而使复合陶瓷的力学性能得到明显改善：抗弯强度为７０６ＭＰａ,提高幅度达１９．８％;断裂韧性为 ６．３ ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２,提高幅度１８．９％;洛氏硬度为 ９４．４．     

电弧熔炼Ti6Al4V/B4C复合材料微观组织与力学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼技术制备了不同含量B₄C的Ti6Al4V/B₄C钛基复合材料,并采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、静态压缩及拉伸测试等对其微观组织及力学性能进行了表征分析. 结果表明,电弧熔炼过程B₄C与钛基体原位反应生成TiB,TiC及TiB₂相,TiB呈现一维生长晶须状,TiC呈现颗粒状,在B₄C质量分数为10%时生成块状TiB₂,并可能会形成特殊的中空棱柱状结构Ti(B_xC_y)聚合物. 原位反应生成的TiB₂可显著提高钛基复合材料的显微硬度. 当B₄C质量分数为0.5%时,钛基复合材料原位反应生成的连续网状、均匀分布的TiB和TiC试样具有最优力学性能,试样最大抗压强度值达到1 990 MPa,最大压缩应变为35.5%,压缩性能超过熔炼钛合金,抗拉强度达到1 034 MPa,与熔炼钛合金材料相比提高近24%,但塑性有所降低,并随着B₄C含量增加,抗拉强度逐渐下降,其断裂方式由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂.     

Optical and Photocatalytic Properties of Cu-Cu2O/TiO2 Two-Layer Nanocomposite Films on Si Substrates

通过磁控溅射法在TiO2薄膜上生长Cu-Cu2O复合层,从而制备新型Cu-Cu2O/TiO2双层纳米复合薄膜。并采用X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,荧光光谱（PL）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）等方法对膜的结构,形态和光学性能进行了研究。X射线衍射谱表明,Cu-Cu2O混合物层和Cu2O层都没有影响TiO2的结晶相。XPS结果表明,Cu的存在抑制了Cu2O表面在空气中的氧化。SEM分析表明,结晶良好的Cu-Cu2O混合物微小纳米颗粒均匀分散于TiO2表面。由于紫外可见漫反射光谱的Cu-Cu2O/TiO2复合薄膜的吸收边发生红移。PL光谱证实了在Cu的存在下,激发电子和空穴的复合率降低。光催化实验表明,与纯Cu2O/TiO2相比,所制备的Cu-Cu2O/TiO2-8显示出更高的光生载流子效率,其光催化性能也显著提高。此外,还对Cu-Cu2O/TiO2-8光催化活性增强的原因进行了讨论     

磁控溅射制备的Au-TiO2纳米棒阵列的光降解研究

首次通过磁控溅射制备了对齐的Au-TiO2纳米棒阵列,Au-TiO2纳米棒的制备通过直流反应磁控溅射法在室温中进行,之后在500oC的空气中热处理两小时,热处理导致Au-TiO2纳米棒的Au纳米粒子嵌入到锐钛矿相TiO2纳米棒中, 与传统方法制备的纯TiO2纳米棒相比, 这些Au-TiO2纳米棒表现出较低的光致发光强度和较高的光吸收性, 并且对可见光反应强烈. TiO2纳米棒中的Au纳米颗粒能够抑制电荷复合     

利用磁控溅射研究Au-TiO2薄膜的光催化活性

首次通过磁控溅射制备了对齐的Au-TiO2纳米棒阵列,Au-TiO2纳米棒的制备通过直流反应磁控溅射法在室温中进行,之后在500oC的空气中热处理两小时,热处理导致Au-TiO2纳米棒的Au纳米粒子嵌入到锐钛矿相TiO2纳米棒中, 与传统方法制备的纯TiO2纳米棒相比, 这些Au-TiO2纳米棒表现出较低的光致发光强度和较高的光吸收性, 并且对可见光反应强烈. TiO2纳米棒中的Au纳米颗粒能够抑制电荷复合     

Formation and capacitance properties of Ti-Al composite oxide film on aluminum

Al specimens were covered with TiO2 film by sol-gel dip-coating and then anodized in ammonium adipate solution. The structure, composition and capacitance properties of the anodic oxide film were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that an anodic oxide film with a dual-layer structure formed between TiO2 coating and Al substrate. The film consisted of an inner Al2O3 layer and an outer Ti-Al composite oxide layer. The thickness of layers varied with the number of times of sol-gel dip-coating. The capacitance of anodic oxide films formed on coated specimens was at most 80% higher than that without TiO2. In film formation mechanism, it was claimed that the formation of composite oxide film was mainly affected by the structure of micro-pores network in TiO2 coating which had an influence on Al3+ and O2- ions transport during the anodizing.     

Optical and electrical properties and photoexcited laser oscillation of composite film based on π-conjugated polymers

The optical and electrical properties of polymer composite films based on poly(2-methoxy-5-dodecyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) (MDDOPPV) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) have been studied. The optical properties, such as, absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, PL efficiency, and PL lifetime of the polymer composite films, have been clarified. Utilizing the polymer composite thin film consisting of 50%-F8BT as an emission layer, the multimode lasing from a microcapillary structure with low threshold energy by pulsed photo-pumping and the high current density injection have been demonstrated.     

Employment of encapsulated Si with mesoporous TiO2 layer as anode material for lithium secondary batteries

Silicon composite of nano-capsule type is newly applied as an active anode material for lithium ion batteries. TiO₂-encapsulated silicon powders were synthesized by a sol-gel reaction with titanium ethoxide. Silicon nanoparticles were successfully embedded into porous titanium oxide capsules that played as a buffer layer against drastic volume changes of silicon during the charge-discharge cycling, consequently leading to the retardation of the capacity fading of intrinsic silicon materials. The electrochemical and structural properties of silicon nanocomposites with different surface areas of encapsulating TiO₂ layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), nitrogen gas adsorption analysis by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) equation, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and galvanostatic charge-discharge experiments.