稀土掺杂纳米氧化锌的制备及光学性能研究

低温水热法合成了直径分别为11~48和9~15 nm的棒状氧化锌和稀土La~(3+)掺杂氧化锌微粒。通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等对氧化锌结构进行了表征以及光学性能测试。结果表明,本研究制备的纳米Zn O是结晶良好的棒状晶体,La~(3+)的掺入使氧化锌晶体发生了晶胞膨胀,紫外吸收增强,带隙向紫外区偏移,随La~(3+)掺杂浓度的增大,荧光强度增加。     

活性氧化铜的制备研究

以硫酸铜、氢氧化钠为原料,经沉淀转化反应、过滤、洗涤、烘干、研磨处理得到活性氧化铜。研究了硫酸铜溶液浓度、氢氧化钠溶液浓度、反应温度、反应时间、干燥温度、助剂、研磨等因素对产量和质量的影响,并提出了最佳条件。产品质量符合特定要求,1g样品于20m L浓度为20%硫酸溶液中的溶解时间在20~30s之间,再现性好,含量达到99%以上。     

氧化锌的合成、结构表征与气敏性能研究

以锌粉为原料,采用燃烧法合成六方晶系氧化锌。采用X射线衍射仪对ZnO样品进行了结构表征。对样品的气敏元件进行了在甲醇、乙醇、丙酮气体中的气敏性能测试,该类元件属于金属氧化物半导体气敏元件。对浓度范围为5～200 mg/kg的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮气体测试表明,所有气敏元件在相同工作电压下对乙醇的灵敏度大于其他气体。该气敏元件对甲醇、乙醇、丙酮气体具有较好的气敏性能,并且具有很短的响应时间。     

草酸铜及纳米氧化铜的制备与表征

分别采用醋酸铜、硫酸铜、氯化铜和硝酸铜等4种不同铜源,制备出不同形貌的草酸铜前驱体.通过焙烧草酸铜前躯体,得到相应宏观结构由纳米晶构筑的氧化铜样品.用TG、SEM、XRD等分析测试手段,对产物的微观结构、物相进行了表征.结果表明,醋酸铜较适合作为铜源,所得氧化铜样品由纳米晶构筑且具有多孔结构.所制备的氧化铜对碱性条件双...     

铜蚀刻废液制备氧化铜

采用沉淀法分别以酸性蚀刻废液、酸性和碱性混合蚀刻废液制取氧化铜,并优化了工艺条件。结果表明,酸性蚀刻废液和混合蚀刻废液中铜离子沉淀的最佳pH值分别为9和4．3,氢氧化铜沉淀的最佳分解温度和时间分别为500℃和30rain,采用自来水洗3次、纯净水洗3次的洗涤方式,可有效去除沉淀中的杂质氯离子和铵离子。     

Micromorphology and Optical Bandgap Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanowires

Due to the industrial applications of nasno materials, the growth of Copper oxide (CuO) nanowires (NWs) at the same and opposite directions of the electric and gravitational fields was investigated to study the effects of fields on the NWs properties. The experiments were designed to grow NWs using thermal oxidation method at 450 ^°C for 50 h. NWs growth was evaluated to study two distinct cases; first, substrates exposed to the gravitational field and second those treated with electric field (EF) in-lined with gravitation field (GF). It was observed that the electric field developed a diameter homogeneity while compressing the NWs and decreasing the diameters. Furthermore, the GF influenced only the length of the NWs, while the EF had an impact on both length and diameter of the NWs. The direction of fields played an important role in NWs morphology and intensity of XRD pattern and optical properties. It was also observed that field direction greatly influenced the NWs length and diameter.     

高结晶性带状氧化锰的制备及其电容性质

以KMnO4和乙醇经氧化还原反应所得γ-MnOOH为前驱物,在10 mol/L KOH溶液中于140℃水热条件下反应72 h,制得了比表面积为53 m2/g的带状Birnessite型层状氧化锰.应用XRD、SEM和氮气吸脱附等技术对制备产物进行了结构和形貌表征.同时,在1.0 mol/L Na2SO4水溶液中研究了带状氧化锰的电容性质.结果显示,当扫描速度为5 mV/s时,其比电容为180F/g.循环测试2000圈后,比电容保持率为72％.     

氧化铜纳米粉体的制备工艺研究

以三水硝酸铜为反应物,氨水为络合剂,氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,乙醇水混合溶液为反应溶剂,聚乙二醇为分散剂,采用络合沉淀法,成功制备出平均粒径约20nm的氧化铜单晶纳米粉体。通过单因素实验和正交实验考察了硝酸铜溶液初始浓度、反应温度及氢氧化钠与硝酸铜物质的量比等因素对产物粒径大小的影响,利用x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和红外光谱仪（FT-IR）等对产物进行表征分析。研究结果表明,影响其粒径大小主要因素的主次顺序依次是：反应温度,硝酸铜溶液初始浓度及氢氧化钠与硝酸铜的物质的量比;优化制备工艺条件为：反应温度70℃,硝酸铜溶液初始浓度0．3mol／L,氢氧化钠与硝酸铜的物质的量比3：1,氨与硝酸铜的物质的量比5：1;氧化铜纳米粉体的红外吸收峰出现了红移和蓝移同时并存的反常现象。     

改性乙二胺/氯化铜复合材料制备及其温敏变色性能

采用硅溶胶-凝胶法改性乙二胺氯化铜络合物,制备了一种具有温敏连续多变色性能的改性乙二胺/氯化铜复合材料。探讨了溶胶组分中正硅酸四乙酯用量对复合材料的稳定性以及引发剂盐酸对其温敏变色性能的影响,考察了改性乙二胺/氯化铜复合材料的温敏变色机理。结果表明,在120℃复合材料水配体被取代,发生从无色到黄色的颜色变化,在160℃时水分子重新与中心铜离子配位,同时氮配体发生质子转移,复合材料颜色由黄色变为蓝色。正硅酸四乙酯改性后复合材料有较好的稳定性,随着盐酸浓度增加,氯离子配位几率增大,改性乙二胺/氯化铜复合材料的颜色变得更深。     

Hot-Working of Aluminum Oxide: II, Optical Properties

Polycrystalline Al₂O₃ fabricated into plates or shapes by hot-working techniques exhibits high in-line transmittance from 0.4 to 5.5 μm. Examination of the product by an inverse pole figure technique demonstrated a strong {0001} texture normal to the pressing direction for both equiaxed and textured microstructures. The crystallographic texture was attributed to the dominance of basal slip in deformation. A comparison of transmissivity in the 2 principal directions of a forged plate strongly suggested that a reduction of birefringence resulting from the crystallographic texture was partially responsible for the high transmissivity. The absorption coefficient at 4.5 μm was 0.15 mm^-1, ∼ that for sintered Al₂O₃ and 5 times that for sapphire     

Structure and Physical Properties of Polymeric Supramolecular Assembly

Abstract

Progress in structure and properties of polymeric supramolecular assembly in Japan is reviewed.     

不同形貌CuO的制备与表征

以硝酸铜和六次甲基四胺为反应物,采用常压加热的方法,在90℃制备得到了CuO.通过改变铜源(氯化铜、乙酸铜和硫酸铜)和溶剂的极性(不同体积比的乙醇和水的混合溶剂)探究了不同因素对反应产物形貌的影响.利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对产物进行物相和形貌表征.结果表明,不同条件下制备得到了球形、梭形和花状等形貌的CuO.铜源和溶剂的极性均对产物形貌具有一定影响.     

A Review on Polymeric Nanocomposites of Nanodiamond,Carbon Nanotube,and Nanobifiller: Structure,Preparation and Properties

In this review, an overview of various types of nanofillers is presented with special emphasis on structure, synthesis and properties of carbon nanotube, nanodiamond, and nanobifiller of carbon nanotube/nanodiamond, carbon nanotube/graphene oxide and carbon nanotube/graphene. In addition, polymer/carbon nanotube, polymer/nanodiamond, and polymer/nanobifiller composites have been discussed. The efficacy of different fabrication techniques for nanocomposites (solution casting, in-situ, and melt blending method) and their properties were also discussed in detail. Finally, we have summarized the challenges and future prospects of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanofillers hoping to facilitate progress in the emerging area of nanobifiller technology.     

聚合物基有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备、性能及应用

Six preparation methods for polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites and their respective mechanisms and features are reviewed. The extraordinary properties of polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites are discussed,and their potential applications are evaluated.     

生物矿化法制备氧化镓颗粒及其性能表征

以蚕丝蛋白为模板,在相对温和的条件下通过生物矿化的手段形成具有特殊形貌的α-GaOOH颗粒,并通过在不同温度下煅烧α-GaOOH得到α-Ga2O3和β-Ga2O3.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和荧光分光光度计(PL)等手段研究了丝素蛋白多肽和矿化时间对颗粒的影响,对其生物矿化机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,所制备的β-Ga2O3具有优良的发光特性,丝素蛋白多肽模板以无定形的结构与产物结合在一起,并且经过高温烧结后仍以碳膜的形式包覆在材料的表面.这种碳膜结构对于提高材料的生物学性能起着重要的作用.     

改性氧化石墨烯的制备及其性能研究

利用改进Hummers法制备氧化石墨(GO),并在水中超声分散制得氧化石墨烯。用3-氨丙基甲基二甲基硅烷(Si-903)和γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)两种硅烷偶联剂对其进行改性。对产物用FT-IR、XRD、TGA和DSC进行表征。结果表明KH-560和Si-903改性后在氧化石墨片层之间引入了新的官能团。通过分散性测试表明,KH-560改性后的氧化石墨烯在二甲基亚砜中的分散性最好,对以后溶剂的选择有参考意义。     

Preparation, Properties and Application of Polymeric Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites

Six preparation methods for polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites and their respective mechanisms and features are reviewed. The extraordinary properties of polymeric organic-inorganic nanocomposites are discussed,and their potential applications are evaluated.     

采光顶玻璃结构及其光热性能分析

采光顶是建筑围护结构的特殊部位,采光顶玻璃结构的设计及性能参数至关重要。本文介绍了常见采光顶玻璃的结构以及BIPV光伏组件结构,深入分析了传统采光顶玻璃的光学和热工性能。对采光顶玻璃光热性能的设计要点,给出了合理的建议。     

浅色铁黄和浅色铁红的光学物理性质

综述了浅色调的氧化铁红(简称浅色铁红)和浅色调氧化铁黄(简称浅色铁黄)的光学性能、颜料性能及其制备。