基于信息技术的模块化组织变革研究

模块化的企业组织能适应组织流程的快速重组，能够根据市场需求快速配置能力和关系，时刻保持组织的高效率和对客户的优质服务。从信息技术出发，提出了模块化组织结构形式，分析了模块化组织结构的特点，阐述了构造模块化组织应注意的几个问题。     

中高碳贝氏体钢的组织和耐磨性

对一种新型中高碳贝氏体钢的组织，转为动力学和耐磨性进行了研究，中高碳贝氏体钢空冷后的组织为贝氏体，马氏体，碳化物和残留奥氏体，组织细小均匀，大截面实物硬度测定和组织观察表明，截面上具有高硬度，并组织分布均匀，中高碳贝氏体钢具有高的耐磨性。     

快速凝固Al—Fe—Ce合金粉末特征研究

研究了氩气雾化Ａｌ－８Ｆｅ－７Ｃｅ合金粉末的形貌，表面合金元素分布的显微组织。实验结果表明，合金粉末的表面形态，显微组织随粉末颗粒直径的减小存在差别。颗粒直么〈２０μｍ的粉末表面光滑，存在两区组织，即微晶＋胞状组织；颗粒直径〉４０μｍ的粉末表面粗糙，具有明显的胞状组织和孔洞，粉末表面盆铁，显微组织为胞状组织，共晶组织和初晶组织。     

20Cr2Ni4A钢碳氮共渗层中黑色组织的研究

通过扫描电镜观察和电子探针波谱成分分析，对２０Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ４Ａ钢碳氮共渗层中黑色组织进行了研究。研究结果表明，该黑色组织实际上是沿晶界分布的小孔洞和贝氏体型组织。初步探讨了黑色组织形成机理，提出了相应的控制措施。     

冷却条件对42CrMo钢的组织和性能的影响

研究了冷却条件对42CrMo钢的组织和性能的影响。研究表明：随着冷却速度的增加，42CrMo钢组织变化依次是多边形铁素体组织、针状铁素体组织、上贝氏体和板条马氏体的混合组织。其中，针状铁素体使钢的组织细化、韧性提高。热温度过高，冷却速度快会形成网状铁素体组织，在高温区冷却速度慢会形成块状铁素体组织。这两种组织使钢的力学机械性能降低。     

CT20合金的不同显微组织与拉伸性能研究

研究了一种新型近a型钛合金CT20不同显微组织与拉伸性能的关系。结果表明，选择合适的退火制度，合金中得到了3种典型的组织类型，即等轴组织、双态组织和片状组织；室温下该合金不同组织时拉伸性能相差不大，而在20K时合金拉伸性能对组织较为敏感。在20K温度下，合金强度上升而延伸率明显下降；等轴组织时延伸率最低，双态组织次之，片状组织最高；片状组织能保证合金在低温时具有良好的强度与塑性的综合性能。     

放电等离子烧结TbFeCo磁光靶材工艺研究

研究了采用放电等离子烧结技术制备TbFeCo磁光靶材的工艺过程，考察了烧结温度对材料组织均匀性和致密度的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪对材料的微观组织形貌及成分进行了分析，同时用阿基米德法测量了材料的密度。结果表明：适当的提高烧结温度可以使材料得到均匀的组织，理想的致密度。但过高的烧结温度会造成材料局部组织的熔化，使材料的组织均匀性变差，l010℃的烧结温度是制备具有均匀组织和理想致密度Tb(Fe，Co)3材料的最佳温度。     

35SiMnMoV钢多相复合组织的冲击性能

本文通过热处理、示波冲击、光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对３５ＳｉＭｎＭｏＶ钢的多相纤维状复合组织、马氏体加铁素体纤维状组织和以粒状贝氏体为主的复合组织，进行了力学性能对比和冲击断口形貌、复合组织形态的观察；研究了不同复相组织的裂纹萌生功与扩展功；并测定了组织中的奥氏体体积分数。结果表明：前者在低温回火或未回火状态下，与调质态的纤维状双相组织和回火态的粒状贝氏体复合组织相比，在等强度下，具有更高的冲击能     

放电等离子烧结Bi2O3/Cu复合梯度靶材

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了Bi2O3/Cu复合梯度靶材，利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪对材料的微观组织形貌及成分进行了分析。结果表明，合成的复合梯度靶材具有宏观组织不均匀性和微观组织连续性的特征，显微组织中不存在微裂纹，减小了热应力的影响。与单一成分靶材相比，复合梯度靶材的热导率显著提高，解决了靶材在溅射过程中因散热不良而碎裂的问题，提高了其使用率。     

低碳合金钢带状组织控制研究现状

铁素体/珠光体带状组织是低碳合金钢热轧过程常见的组织缺陷，不仅恶化钢材横向塑性及韧性，而且严重影响后续加工零部件的使用寿命。近年来，带状组织的控制一直是高品质钢研究的重点之一。为了充分认识带状组织，综述了国内外关于带状组织形成机理、影响因素及控制方法的研究现状，指出了带状组织控制思路及方向，为今后学者研究提供一定的启发和参考。分析发现，合金元素偏析是带状组织形成的必要条件，而铁素体形核、长大以及碳元素的扩散是带状组织形成的决定条件。元素富集区和贫化区的铁素体形核速率差是影响带状组织形成的直接原因，提高热轧后冷却速率不仅可以降低不同区域铁素体形核速率差异，而且可以减少碳元素扩散距离，抑制带状组织的形成。此外，再结晶获得较大奥氏体晶粒尺寸，可以降低单位体积铁素体形核核心，阻碍铁素体生长平面形成，影响元素偏析带的连续性，进而破坏带状组织的形成。但是较快冷却速率下形成的魏氏体组织和较大奥氏体晶粒相变生成的粗大铁素体均不利于基体性能。固态相变过程中，利用氧化物冶金技术可以调控晶内铁素体形成和先共析铁素体的生长方向，改善微观组织和力学性能各向异性，实现带状组织的控制。     

低合金白口铸铁的稀土铝氮综合变质机理

通过稀土铝氮综合变质处理使低合金白口铁中碳化物成为团块状,并使韧性显著提高。根据稀土、铝和氮三种变质元素分别及一同加入铁水后浇注成试样的物理冶金检测结果,讨论了各变质元素在熔体中的物化行为及这些行为对白口铸铁凝固的影响,尤其对碳化物结晶的影响。     

钒对白口铸铁组织和性能的影响

对４种不同含钒量的白口铸铁实施了４种不同规范的热处理，并进行了机械性能测试和耐磨试验。分析了钒在铸铁中的存在状态及其对白口铸铁组织及性能的影响。     

Microstructure Aspects of a Newly Developed, Low Cost, Corrosion-Resistant White Cast Iron

The purpose of this work is to study the influence of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of a newly developed white cast iron, basically suitable for corrosion- and wear-resistant applications, and to attain a microstructure that is most suitable from the corrosion resistance point of view. The composition was selected with an aim to have austenitic matrix both in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. The difference in electrochemical potential between austenite and carbide is less in comparison to that between austenite and graphite. Additionally, graphitic corrosion which is frequently encountered in gray cast irons is absent in white cast irons. These basic facts encouraged us to undertake this work. Optical metallography, hardness testing, X-ray diffractometry, and SEM–EDX techniques were employed to identify the phases present in the as-cast and heat-treated specimens of the investigated alloy and to correlate microstructure with corrosion resistance and hardness. Corrosion testing was carried out in 5 pct NaCl solution (approximate chloride content of sea water) using the weight loss method. In the investigated alloy, austenite was retained the in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. The same was confirmed by X-ray and EDX analysis. The stability and volume fraction of austenite increased with an increase of heat-treated temperature/time with a simultaneous decrease in the volume fraction of massive carbides. The decrease in volume fraction of massive carbides resulted in the availability of alloying elements. These alloying elements, on increasing the heat treatment temperature or increasing the soaking period at certain temperatures, get dissolved in austenite. As a consequence, austenite gets enriched as well as becomes more stable. On cooling from lower soaking period/temperature, enriched austenite decomposes to lesser enriched austenite and to a dispersed phase due to decreasing solid solubility of alloying elements with decreasing temperature. The dispersed second phase precipitated from the austenite adversely influenced corrosion resistance due to unfavorable morphology and enhanced galvanic action. Corrosion rate and hardness were found to decrease with an increase in heat treatment temperatures/soaking periods. It was essentially due to the increase in the volume fraction and stability of the austenitic matrix and favorable morphology of the second phase (carbides). The corrosion resistance of the investigated alloy, heat treated at 1223 K (950 °C) for 8 hours, was comparable to that of Ni-Resist iron. Thus, a microstructure comprising austenite and nearly spherical and finer carbides is the most appropriate from a corrosion point of view. Fortunately, the literature reveals that the same microstructure is also well suited from a wear point of view. It confirms that this investigated alloy will be suitable for corrosive-wear applications.     

Properties of Cross-Rolled Low Alloy White Cast Iron Grinding Ball

Lowalloy white cast iron has high hardness andwear-resistance ;however ,the material has lowduc-tility ,because the carbideinthe structureis distrib-uted in the formof continuous network, which li m-its its application. Therefore , the method to i m-prove the toughness of this material has attractedthe interests of the researchers worldwide . The ex-peri mental results showed that when white cast ironis hot deformed, the network structure of carbidebreaks and becomes independent blocks , which…     

不同冷速凝固的Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金固溶行为及组织性能

为了探究Al元素在不同冷却速度下对Mg-9Gd合金组织细化效果及其对后续固溶处理的影响,利用铁模和铜模重力铸造制备了铸态Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金,之后进行10～50 h的固溶处理。采用OM、SEM、TEM、EDS及XRD等方法研究了冷却速度对Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金凝固和固溶行为及组织力学性能的影响。结果表明,铁模和铜模制备的铸态Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金组织均由α-Mg基体、花瓣状(Mg, Al)₃Gd相、细条状Mg₅Gd相和方块状Al₂Gd相组成。铜模相比于铁模冷却速度加快,制备的合金基体晶粒和第二相显著细化,第二相体积分数总量增长幅度达56.1%。2种模具制备的合金固溶10 h后,Mg₅Gd相溶解、(Mg, Al)₃Gd相部分溶解、高熔点Al₂Gd相无变化,晶粒内析出层片状(Mg, Al)₂Gd新相,第二相总量趋于相等。固溶50 h后,(Mg, Al)₂Gd层片相回溶,残余(Mg, Al)     

High Boron Iron-Based Alloy and Its Modification

High boron iron-based alloy, a new kind of wear-resistant material was developed, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Moreover, the modification with V, Ti and RE-Mg was carried out as well. The results indicate that the high boron iron-based alloy comprises a dendritic matrix and interdendritic eutectic bo-rides under as-cast condition. The matrix is made up of fine pearlite, and the eutectic boride has a crystal structure of M₂B (M represents Fe, Cr or Mn). The boride has a microhardness of HV 1 425 and is distributed in the form of continuous network, which is detrimental to the toughness of high boron iron-based alloy. Nevertheless, high boron iron-based alloy has a higher toughness than that of white cast iron, which is attributed to the matrix that is made up of lath-type martensite with high toughness. In order to increase the toughness further, V, Ti and RE-Mg were adopted to improve the morphology of boride. The results indicate that after modification the matrix grain is decreased in size by half, and the size of boride is also decreased, moreover, it is distributed more even though it is still continuous. After heat treatment, the boride network is break up and results in the further improvement of toughness of high boron iron-based alloy.     

不同冷速凝固的Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金固溶行为及组织性能

为了探究Al元素在不同冷却速度下对Mg-9Gd合金组织细化效果及其对后续固溶处理的影响,利用铁模和铜模重力铸造制备了铸态Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金,之后进行10~50 h的固溶处理。采用OM、SEM、TEM、EDS及XRD等方法研究了冷却速度对Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金凝固和固溶行为及组织力学性能的影响。结果表明,铁模和铜模制备的铸态Mg-9Gd-0.8Al合金组织均由α-Mg基体、花瓣状(Mg, Al)₃Gd相、细条状Mg₅Gd相和方块状Al₂Gd相组成。铜模相比于铁模冷却速度加快,制备的合金基体晶粒和第二相显著细化,第二相体积分数总量增长幅度达56.1%。2种模具制备的合金固溶10 h后,Mg₅Gd相溶解、(Mg, Al)₃Gd相部分溶解、高熔点Al₂Gd相无变化,晶粒内析出层片状(Mg, Al)₂Gd新相,第二相总量趋于相等。固溶50 h后,(Mg, Al)₂Gd层片相回溶,残余(Mg, Al)₃Gd相发生熔断呈颗粒状,铜模制备的合金第二相颗粒比铁模的更细小。细晶强化和第二相强化使铜模制备的铸态合金性能较铁模制备的合金性能大幅提高,固溶10 h后合金屈服强度提升,伸长率基本不变。固溶处理50 h后,固溶强化、细晶强化和细小颗粒的第二相强化使铜模制备的固溶50 h态合金获得最优性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为141 MPa、234 MPa和22.4%。     

抗磨锰钛白口铸铁

研究了钛对抗磨锰钛白口铸铁显微组织和力学性能的影响，钛在显微组织中主要以TiC的形式存在，TiC的数量、尺寸和形态随钛含量的增加而改变，钛能细化奥氏体枝晶，促进渗碳体断网，降低材料硬度，提高冲击韧性和抗磨性，钛含量为0.28%的锰钛白口铸铁，能达到力学性能与抗磨性的最佳配合，正火处理可进一步提高材料性能。     

Influence of reinforcement volume fraction and size on the microstructure and abrasion wear resistance of hot Isostatic pressed white iron matrix composites

The changes in the microstructure and wear resistance of a powder metallurgical high-Cr white iron after the incorporation of TiC particles were studied in the present work. Various reinforcement volume fractions and sizes were used in order to examine their influence on the three-body abrasion wear resistance. The experiments were carried out at three different austenitizing temperatures. The most important observation after a microstructural examination was the increased amount of martensite in the composites subjected to identical heat treatment procedures with the unreinforced alloy. The austenite-to-martensite transformation in the composites increased with the TiC volume fraction and with the austenitizing temperature. This indicates that the two parameters have a key role in the transformation mechanism, which seems to be mechanically induced. The increasing of martensitic transformation with the TiC content in the composites enhanced continuously the supporting ability of the iron alloy matrix to the TiC particles, which in turn increased the wear resistance of the composites. The abrasion wear resistance increased with the TiC volume fraction until the onset of spalling. However, in composites containing coarse reinforcements, spalling occurred earlier in the wear process. This decreased wear resistance significantly because spalled TiC particles contributed additionally to wear.     

Dissolution of iron intermetallics in Al-Si Alloys through nonequilibrium heat treatment

Conventional heat treatment techniques in Al-Si alloys to achieve optimum mechanical properties are limited to precipitation strengthening processes due to the presence of second-phase particles and spheroidization of silicon particles. The iron intermetallic compounds present in the microstructure of these alloys are reported to be stable, and they do not dissolve during conventional (equilibrium) heat treatments. The dissolution behavior of iron intermetallics on nonequilibrium heat treatment has been investigated by means of microstructure and mechanical property studies. The dissolution of iron intermetallics improves with increasing solution temperature. The addition of manganese to the alloy hinders the dissolution of iron intermetallics. Nonequilibrium heat treatment increases the strength properties of high iron alloys until a critical solution temperature is exceeded. Above this temperature, a large amount of liquid phase is formed as a result of interdendritic and grain boundary melting. The optimum solution treatment temperature for Al-6Si-3.5Cu-0.3Mg-lFe alloys is found to be between 515 °C and 520 °C.