GA-BP神经网络在动力配煤煤质和燃烧特性预测中的应用

为了满足动力配煤数字化信息控制系统对配煤煤质和燃烧特性参数在线预测的精度要求,利用GA-BP神经网络建立了动力配煤煤质和燃烧特性预测模型.该预测模型综合学习了各煤质指标内部以及和配比的关系,能够根据各参配煤种的Mad、Vad、Aad、Qnet.ar和对应的配比X,直接预测配煤产品的煤质指标Mad、Vad、Aad、Qne...     

动力配煤主要煤质指标可加性的研究

针对配煤煤质指标可加性的争论，从理论上探讨了动力配煤煤质指标的可加性，并用数理统计的方法进行了论证，得出动力配煤的灰分、水分、硫分、挥发分、发热量等主要煤质指标的分析基指标具有线性可加性的重要结论，为动力配煤提供了理论基础。     

配煤掺烧最小煤质偏差模型及煤场存放优化

定义了混煤和锅炉目标煤的煤质偏差,给出以煤质偏差作为目标函数的掺配优化模型,通过调整某个成分的期望误差,可单独调节该成分与目标煤的接近程度;通过对模型约束条件设定,可限制低灰熔点煤的掺配份额,控制炉膛结焦,或提高采购量大的单煤的掺配比例。基于最小煤质偏差模型,针对某670 MW超临界压力直流锅炉进行掺配优化模拟,提出煤场存放的优化概念和方法。结果表明:该模型能够从复杂的单煤煤源中找到最接近目标煤质的掺配方案,优化后入炉煤质稳定,且接近目标煤质。     

基于煤质预测的多目标优化配煤方法研究

针对火电厂中混煤煤质计算不准确、配煤方案单一且考虑片面等问题,基于粒子群（PSO）优化前馈神经网络算法建立了混煤煤质预测模型;采用非支配排序多目标遗传算法（NSGA III）建立了由最小绝对偏差型和标准差型优化指标组成的多目标优化配煤模型。对某电厂实际燃煤情况中非线性关系的煤质进行分析,并对预测煤质的不同特点和电厂机组运行特点进行分析。结果表明：基于煤质预测的多目标优化配煤方法,对煤质挥发分、灰分和灰熔点的预测精度比线性加权方法提高了4.55%,3.24%和5.60%,筛选出的6组配煤方案,兼顾了经济性、安全性和环保性,更符合配煤特点。     

配煤是稳定发电煤质的方法之一

通过分析现今我国电厂燃煤的现状和特点,指出煤质特性对电力生产安全和经济性的影响;提出配煤燃烧是保证锅炉设计煤质和电厂运行煤质的可行方法之一和正确配煤的方法。     

新疆乌拉斯台勘查区煤质特征及工业利用方向探讨

通过对乌拉斯台勘查区煤芯煤质化验成果收集,统计分析了勘查区内主要可采煤层的煤质指标,根据其煤质特点认为该区煤层主要是受深成变质作用的影响,煤中有害组分硫、磷易于剔除,可作为良好的炼焦配煤、气化用煤。     

新疆乌拉斯台勘查区煤质特征及工业利用方向探讨

通过对乌拉斯台勘查区煤芯煤质化验成果收集,统计分析了勘查区内主要可采煤层的煤质指标,根据其煤质特点认为该区煤层主要是受深成变质作用的影响,煤中有害组分硫、磷易于剔除,可作为良好的炼焦配煤、气化用煤。     

燃用低质煤对电厂综合影响分析

利用试验数据和历史数据,综合分析了煤质变化对燃煤电厂设备安全与经济运行的影响,并利用统计数据,确定了电厂煤质允许的范围,为发电企业制订配煤方案、降低成本和保证安全生产提供分析方法。     

配煤掺烧对水冷壁管使用性能的影响及应对措施

配煤掺烧影响着煤质的同时严重威胁着水冷壁的安全运行,分析了配煤掺烧对水冷壁管的危害,总结了应对配煤掺烧带来的水冷壁高温腐蚀问题的防治措施。     

浅谈如何提高煤质分析的准确性

煤质挥发分的测定对合理选煤 ,合理配热 ,节约能源十分重要 ,介绍了煤的挥发分的测定方法、操作要点及注意事项。     

Impact of coal quality on the cost of electrical power generation: A technoeconomic model

The paper describes a computer based technoeconomic model that can accurately predict the impact of coal quality and other key variables on the busbar cost of electricity generated by new power plants. The model, IMPACT, focuses on the four major cost sectors of the coal-to-electricity chain: transportation, power plant, post combustion particulate and SO₂ emission controls, and waste disposal. Technically and economically established technologies in each sector are included in the model to facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of possible strategies. The user can select any combination of these technologies and evaluate the consequent impact on the busbar cost of electricity. Different strategies can be examined by selecting different options or through sensitivity analyses by changing coal or system parameters. IMPACT is structured to reflect regional and national cost differences by the use of appropriate cost indexes and site-specific cost parameters; it is, therefore, independent of location. IMPACT is a flexible and powerful decision making tool that can be used for a variety of purposes such as exploring the various avenues open to a utility in the selection of a coal supply, or evaluating various emission control and waste disposal strategies, energy supply alternatives and utility expansion options. The model can also be used to determine the realistic value of a coal and optimal beneficiation levels; it can therefore be used by coal producers in the preparation of competitive bids.     

基于数据挖掘的火电厂最经济煤种决策方法

在分析煤质变化对火电厂运营成本影响的基础上,提出了综合评价发电企业的复合燃煤使用成本计算模型.基于数值型模糊关联规则数据挖掘方法,确定了煤质特性与发电企业的燃煤装卸倒运成本、污染物排放成本、原煤采购成本、脱硫系统运行成本、辅机耗电成本及设备维护成本的关联关系,提出了一种基于数据挖掘技术的最经济煤种决策方法.以某电厂3年历史运行数据为基础,对4种预采购煤种的复合燃煤使用成本进行了比较分析,在高价优质煤与低价劣质煤之间确定了最经济煤种.结果表明：燃煤采购决策既需要考虑发电企业生产过程的多个环节,也需要考虑燃煤价格因素及燃煤的煤质因素.燃用便宜的劣质煤不一定比燃用价格较高的优质煤更合算,一味追求高品质的高价煤或低价格的劣质煤都是不可取的,煤种2为该厂的最经济煤种.     

Development of an inexact optimization model for coupled coal and power management in North China

In this study, an inexact coupled coal and power management (ICCPM) model was developed for planning coupled coal and power management systems through integrating chance-constrained programming (CCP), interval linear programming (ILP) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) techniques. The ICCPM model can effectively handle uncertainties presented in terms of probability density functions and intervals. It can also facilitate dynamic analysis of capacity expansions, facility installation and coal inventory planning within a multi-period and multi-option context. Complexities in coupled coal and power management systems can be systematically reflected in this model, thus applicability of the modeling process would be highly enhanced. The developed ICCPM model was applied to a case of long-term coupled coal and power management systems planning in north China. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violations have been obtained, which can be used for generating decision alternatives and helping identify desired policies. The generated results can also provide desired solutions for coal and power generation, capacity initiation and expansion, and coal blending with a minimized system cost, a maximized system reliability and a maximized coal transportation security. Tradeoffs between system costs and constraint-violation risks can also be tackled.     

运行参数对锅炉煤粉着火燃烧和飞灰含碳量影响的数值研究

为了达到锅炉的优化运行以保证煤粉气流及时着火和充分燃尽，采用IPSA两相流动模型和煤粉燃烧综合模型，在不同的一次风率和煤粉细度的工况下，对1台350MW锅炉煤粉燃烧过程进行了数值模拟，得出了炉内燃烧器区域以及出口处烟气温度场和燃烧产物的组分浓度分布。分析了一次风率和煤粉细度对煤粉着火燃烧和飞灰含碳量的影响规律，并确定了优化的运行参数。结果表明：一次风率对煤粉气流的着火影响较大，而对出口处烟气温度、氧量以及飞灰含碳量影响较小。煤粉细度对煤粉气流的着火、燃烧以及燃尽均有较大影响。图8表2参9     

火电机组能耗的数据包络分析方法

在一定负荷条件下,对火电厂各机组煤耗量进行优化控制能够节约成本,有效提高运行的经济性。将数据包络分析理论中含有非阿基米德无穷小的BBC模型用于火电厂生产效率评估,以机组煤耗量为输入量、机组有功功率为输出量,建立了火电机组能耗优化模型。应用一种以数据处理为基础的计算方法对模型进行求解,得出煤耗量最小的机组运行情况。将计算结果与未优化前机组的煤耗量进行对比,验证了所建立模型的合理性和有效性。     

基于分支限界法的火电机组负荷分配研究

针对大规模新能源并网调峰问题,提出不同调峰阶段火电机组负荷分配方法：分析火电机组调峰能力、调峰成本及二者之间的关系;以总煤耗成本、机组启停成本之和最小为目标,建立不同调峰阶段火电机组负荷分配优化模型;根据火电机组爬坡率、滑坡率,提出参与负荷分配机组的组合策略,并使用分支限界法对负荷分配优化模型求解。算例表明,随着火电机组调峰深度的增加,机组煤耗成本和启停成本减少,深度调峰运行下附加煤耗成本和机组损耗成本增加。     

火力发电机组节能分析模型及研究

节能分析是火电企业开展节能减排活动的基础工作。在火电机组煤耗计算模型的基础上,建立了火电机组能耗计算模型和单因素敏感性分析模型,分析和计算在不同负荷下,锅炉效率、热耗率和厂用电率变化对供电煤耗率的影响程度。根据某600MW机组设计参数,计算了机组在不同运行工况下的经济性指标和能耗指标敏感因子,得到了机组在不同运行工况下的节能潜力及效果,对火电企业节能减排工作的开展具有一定的指导意义。     

A synthetical evaluation of developing low-carbonized coal-fired power technologies in China

This study is attempted to analyze the integrated effects of low-carbonized developments for Chinese coal-fired power industry in two cases by extending a hybrid energy-economic model. The first case is energy efficiency improvement without CCS introduction. The second case is direct carbon removal with CCS technology, while coal controlling policy scenario is set as a baseline for comparison. Here oxy-fuel combustion has been selected as the only carbon capture technology due to its great potential in commercialization. Then the ecological co-benefits, environmental benefits, macroeconomic impacts and water saving effects of CO₂ abatement from Chinese coal-fired power industry are analyzed. Simulation results show that energy saving and coal controlling policy can create huge ecological, environmental and water saving benefits. However, coal controlling policy also will cause great macroeconomic losses. But due to extra energy consumption, the large-scale commercialization of oxy-fuel CCS technology if without CO₂ reuse will cause certain decrease of GDP growth rate and increase water consumption in China. Only when combined with resource usage of the captured CO₂, oxy-fuel CCS introduction in China can have some practical application value.     

基于机组负荷-压力动态模型的燃煤发热量实时计算方法

煤质变化剧烈是当前影响火力发电机组稳定运行的一个主要因素.针对此问题,提出一种基于机组负荷一压力动态模型的燃料发热量实时计算方法.首先建立机组负荷一压力之间简化的非线性动态模型,然后根据机组设计参数和扰动实验获得的数据,推导出燃料发热量的计算公式,利用调节级后压力、汽包压力、给煤量等实时计算燃料发热量.实验表明,该方法得到的燃料发热量具有动态响应速度快、稳定性好、准确度高的优点,具有很好的工程实用价值.     

积极开展核电研究开辟能源新途径

核电是一种安全、低碳、功率密度高、可大规模利用的能源,具有高效和CO2等化学气体零排放的优点.从中国核电站建设政策推进,核电站安全性,核电技术特别是中国"华龙一号"和小型多功能模块式压水堆ACP100"玲龙一号"核电站技术的建设、运营和效益等各方面在内陆建站的概况,利用核电和H2对有关产业实现CO2超低排放和零排放的影...