15MnVN钢的氢致硬化和氢致软化

研究了不同氢含量，应变速率条件下１５ＭｎＶＮ钢氢致硬化和氢软化现象。试验证实，氢的存在首先造成氢致硬化，而当塑性变形开始后又导致氢致软化。这一作用受钢中氢偏聚控制，并受应变速率的诱导作用。氢的存在对钢的抗拉强度无明显影响。     

氢致裂纹形成位置与氢致开裂抗力

对３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢的纯Ｉ型及复合型预充氢试样进行恒载荷试验及慢应变率试验．研究切缝顶端不同应力应变场及不同加载动态过程对氢致裂纹形成位置的影响．并探讨相应于不同的氢致裂纹形成位置，氢致开裂临界应力强度因子随复合比的变化规律．     

管线钢氢致附加应力与氢致门槛应力的相关性

X80钢在空气中拉伸至塑性变形大于1％后卸缸，充氢至饱再控拉，其屈服应力小于卸载前流变应力，其差值即氢引起的附加应力，它协助外应力促进变形，引起应力集中，进而导致低应力下的脆断（即氢脆），或在低的恒定外应力下就发生氢致滞后断裂，实验表明，氢致附加应力σad随氢浓度C0升高而线性升高，即σad=-14.1 3.89C0，动态充氢慢应变速率拉伸时断裂应力随氢浓度升高而线下降，即σF（H）＝675－6．1C0,恒载荷下氢致滞后断裂门槛应力随氢浓度对数升高而线性下降，即бF（H）＝675－6．1C0，恒载荷下氢致滞后断裂门槛应力随氢浓度对数升高而线性下降，即σHIC=669-124lnCo.     

塑性变形在氢致断裂中的作用

采用慢应变速率拉伸方法,研究了Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ试样在空气中拉伸、动态充氢拉伸及在空气中预应变一定量后动态充氢伸等实验条件下的断理解过程,结果表明,只有在充氢过程中进行塑性变形才能引起氢致开裂,即塑性变形提氢致开裂的必要条件,氢致开裂过程是氢与位错交互作用的过程。     

加载速率对复合型氢致开裂的影响

通过改变复合型载荷比来改变裂端三轴张力和塑性变形程度，研究了不同加载速率下３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢／０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４体系的Ｉ型及（Ⅰ＋Ⅱ）复合型氢致开裂抗力，探讨加载速率对氢传输、对裂端氢富集浓度以及对Ｉ型、复合型氢致开裂抗力的影响．     

高强钢氢脆敏感性和氢致附加应力的相关性

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)研究了高强钢40CrMoTi的氢脆敏感性与氢致附加应力的关系。试验表明,氢致附加应力aσd随试样的屈服强度sσ以及固溶氢浓度C0的对数的增加而线性升高,其关系为,aσd=-260+0.226sσ+63.9 lnC0,高强钢恒载荷下氢致滞后断裂门槛应力随氢浓度对数的升高而线性下降,即,σHIC=863-145lnC0(sσ=900 MPa),σHIC=891-183 lnC0(sσ=1 050 MPa)。预充氢试样慢应变速率拉伸时的相对断裂应力σF(H)/σF随氢浓度对数的升高而线性下降,即,σF(H)/σF=0.97-0.18 lnC0(sσ=900 MPa),σF(H)/σF=0.95-0.24 lnC0(sσ=1 050 MPa)。     

TiNi形状记忆合金的氢致滞后断裂

用单边缺口拉伸试样研究了TiNi形状记忆合金在恒载荷下动态充氢时的滞后断裂过程，以及原子氢、氢致马氏体和氢化物在氢致滞后断裂中所起的作用，结果表明，TiNi合金能发生氢致滞后断裂，归一化门槛应力强度因子随总氢浓度对数的增加而线性下降，即KIH/KIC=2.01-0.25lnCT。在恒载荷动态充氢时氢化物含量不断升高，材料的断裂韧性不断下降，这是氢致滞后断裂的主要原因；而原子氢和氢致马氏体在氢致滞后断裂中所起的作用则极小。     

回火温度对30CrMnSiA钢氢致延迟断裂行为的影响

采用恒载荷缺口拉伸试验和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了30CrMnSiA钢在不同回火温度下的氢致延迟断裂行为。结果表明,随着回火温度的提高,实验钢的延迟断裂抗力逐渐提高,510℃回火时可获得良好的耐延迟断裂性能。实验钢在充氢前的断裂机制为准解理+少量韧窝断裂,且随着回火温度的升高,断口中韧窝断裂的比例增加;实验钢在充氢后或在腐蚀液中加载时,350℃和400℃回火试样的断裂机制转变为氢致沿晶断裂,510℃回火试样的断裂机制则未发生变化。     

碳钢在湿硫化氢环境中的应力导向氢致开裂行为

选用石油行业常用的L360QS钢,采用NACE TM 0103标准试验,研究了应力集中系数和钢中的不均匀组织对碳钢在湿硫化氢环境中的应力导向氢致开裂(SOHIC)行为的影响.结果表明,应力导向氢致开裂是氢致开裂的一种特殊形式,典型的应力导向氢致开裂裂纹由平面裂纹和纵向裂纹组成.应力集中系数和钢中的不均匀组织对开裂行为有着显著的影响.应力集中系数超过6.3时,碳钢的开裂敏感性会增强.钢中的不均匀组织会为氢的聚集提供场所,巨大的氢压会产生氢致开裂类型的平面裂纹,纵向裂纹的产生受拉应力和氢压的双重作用.断口没有韧窝出现,说明典型的应力导向氢致开裂为脆性断裂.     

氢致马氏体对304不锈钢在MgCl2中应力腐蚀的影响

通过电解充氢后除气，即可在304奥氏体不锈钢中引入不同数量的氢致马氏体（ε α′，其中ε占2/3），同时并未明显改变试样的强度和位错密度，氢致马氏体使304不锈钢脆化，塑性损失随马氏体含量升高而升高，在沸腾MgCl2溶液中慢应变速率拉伸实验表明，随氢致马氏体含量升高，应力腐蚀敏感性也升高，但当马氏体总量超过10%之后，应力腐蚀敏感性逐渐趋势地一个稳定值。     

1500 MPa级40CrNi3MoV钢的氢脆敏感性

通过慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了Si含量分别为0.25%和1.16%的1500 MPa级40CrNi3MoV钢的氢脆敏感性,即充氢后缺口试样抗拉强度下降率,冲击实验用来测试1 mA/cm2电流密度下充氢后试样的断裂韧性值,分析氢致裂纹的扩展方式.结果表明,由于Si抑制回火过程中碳化物的形核和长大,高Si含量的40CrNi3MoV钢中回火析出的碳化物被细化且弥散分布,作为氢陷阱使氢分布均匀,抑制了氢向裂纹尖端扩散,高Si含量的40CrNi3MoV钢的氢脆敏感性较低.     

HYDROGEN INDUCED EMBRITTLEMENT OF ROTOR STEEL 34CrNi3Mo

本文通过系列氢含量试样的慢拉伸试验研究了34 CrNi3 Mo转子钢的氢致脆化.得到了如下结果:(1)随钢中氢含量的增加与应变速率的减慢,钢的塑性急剧下降。当钢中氢含量达到5mL/100g、拉伸应变速率为3×10~(-5)s~(-1)时,34CrNi3Mo转子钢的塑性几乎完全丧失.此转子钢的无白点极限含氢量力2mL/100g;无氢脆极限含氢量为1.48mL/100g. 扫描电镜观察表明,在慢拉伸试样中白点呈边界清晰的近于椭圆形的斑点,其微观形貌为走向比较清楚的撕裂岭与准解理小平面构成的穿晶准解理。     

Cyclic deformation and phase transformation of 6Mo superaustenitic stainless steel

A fatigue behavior analysis was performed on superaustenitic stainless steel UNS S31254 (Avesta Sheffield 254 SMO), which contains about 6wt.% molybdenum, to examine the cyclic hardening/softening trend, hysteresis loops, the degree of hardening, and fatigue life during cyclic straining in the total strain amplitude range from 0.2 to 1.5%. Independent of strain rate, hardening occurs first, followed by softening. The degree of hardening is dependent on the magnitude of strain amplitude. The cyclic stress-strain curve shows material softening. The lower slope of the degree of hardening versus the strain amplitude curve at a high strain rate is attributed to the fast development of dislocation structures and quick saturation. The ε martensite formation, either in band or sheath form, depending on the strain rate, leads to secondary hardening at the high strain amplitude of 1.5%.     

16Mn钢非比例循环塑性的研究

对正火状态１６Ｍｎ在二维循环复杂应变路径下的流动特性和强化进行了系统的实验研究。对于特定的循环应变路径，当应变幅值较小时，材料多表现为循环弱化；随着应变幅值的增加，循环弱化的现象逐渐消失，在某些路径下甚至表现为循环强化。在非比例循环加载条件下，材料的强化与路径形状密切相关。实验表明，应变的幅值和路径方向的变化所造成的强（弱）化间存在耦合。本工作在材料对非比例加载史的记忆和Ｌｅｎｓｋｙ局部确定性假设     

氮含量对022Cr25Ni7Mo3N双相不锈钢热加工行为的影响

通过热拉伸、热压缩试验研究了不同氮含量的022Cr25Ni7Mo3N双相不锈钢的热加工行为和软化机制。结果表明,试验钢高温抗拉强度随N含量增加而提高,该影响关系在较低变形温度区间尤为明显;在1100℃平面压缩达到稳态流变之后,试验钢的流变应力很快再次上升,出现二次硬化现象,N含量提高致使试验钢在更低的应变条件下更快地进入二次硬化阶段;试验钢高温变形过程中的应变主要传导到高温更软的铁素体相中,该相积蓄的较大应变能促进了铁素体的动态再结晶启动;022Cr25Ni7Mo3N双相不锈钢的软化机制主要是铁素体的动态回复和动态连续再结晶。     

Strain Aging of X100 Steel in Service and the Enhanced Susceptibility of Pipelines to Stress Corrosion Cracking

In this study, experimental tests were performed to investigate the strain aging behavior of X100 pipeline steel in service and the resulting enhancement of susceptibility of pipelines to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Results demonstrated that an immediate rise in temperature during coating application could result in strain aging of X100 steel, as indicated by increasing strength and decreasing elongation as well as the presence of Lüders strain during yielding. The aged steel is associated with an enhanced cracking susceptibility under cathodic protection potentials. It is believed that strain aging is able to enhance hydrogen evolution and the further permeation into steel, resulting in hydrogen-induced SCC of the steel.     

Solid solution softening at high strain rates in Si- and/or Mn-added interstitial free steels

In order to understand the high strain rate properties of high strength steel sheets, stress–strain relations of Fe, Fe–Mn and Fe–Si at high strain rates were investigated. The addition of Mn and Si caused both solid solution hardening at lower strain rates and a decrease of strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress. In addition, the ductility at high strain rates was improved by the addition of solute atoms, an effect which can be related to the decrease in the strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress. Thermal activation analysis revealed that the Peierls–Nabarro mechanism controls the strain rate sensitivity of these steels. The effects of solid solution were discussed based on the theories proposed to explain alloy softening at low temperatures.     

铸态ER8车轮钢的热变形行为及本构模型研究

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,在变形温度为900～1250℃、应变速率为0.001～1 s-1的条件下对铸态ER8车轮钢进行热压缩试验,得到真应力-真应变曲线.结果发现:其真应力-真应变曲线符合动态再结晶型软化机制,变形初始阶段,材料发生硬化,真应力快速增加,随着变形的继续,材料发生动态回复,加工硬化速率...     

Effects of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of a X70 pipeline steel

Effects of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of a X70 pipeline steel were investigated in the cases of hydrogen pre-charging and dynamic hydrogen charging in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution under slow strain rate tensile testing. Under the hydrogen pre-charging, the fracture toughness decreased in a linear relationship with the hydrogen concentration as the hydrogen concentration was more than 1 ppm in weight. The fracture surfaces were characteristic of dimples. Under the dynamic hydrogen charging, the fracture toughness for hydrogen-induced cracking decreased linearly with logarithm of the hydrogen concentration without stress. The hydrogen-induced fracture had the appearance of cleavage facets.     

Effect of applied potential on hydrogen embrittlement of weld simulated HSLA–80 steel in sea water

Abstract

Hydrogen embrittlement behaviour of an HSLA–80 steel in the weld simulated, grain coarsened heat affected zone condition, in synthetic sea water under cathodic charging in the applied potential range of -600 to -1400 mV(SCE) has been studied using a slow strain rate technique. Loss of ductility, as reflected in the percentage elongation and percentage reduction in area values, was substantial at and beyond -800 mV(SCE). The material in the weld simulated condition showed more susceptibility than the as received material, which is considered to be a result of increased strength and a bainitic–martensitic microstructure. Fracture showed both microvoid coalescence and quasi-cleavage features and was indicative of hydrogen induced void nucleation. Both hardening and softening effects on hydrogen charging were experienced.