高温处理对碳/碳复合材料摩擦学性能影响

研究了高温处理对化学气相沉积碳/碳(简称C/C)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,分析了经过不同温度处理的试样的刹车力矩-刹车时间曲线.结果表明:随着处理温度的升高,C/C复合材料的干态平均动摩擦系数由大变小,湿态平均动摩擦系数及干态平均静摩擦系数由小变大.经过2500℃处理的C/C材料,不仅刹车过程平稳,湿态平均动摩擦系数衰减少,而且磨损率小.当刹车比压和能载增加时,经过不同温度处理的四种试样干态及湿态平均动摩擦系数均相应下降.     

纤维取向对碳/碳复合材料摩擦磨损性能影响

本文研究了碳纤维取向对碳/碳(C/C)复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,通过对二向、三向C/C复合材料结构分析和摩擦试验表明:二向C/C复合材料中的碳纤维有时单根、有时呈现一小束被沉积碳包围,材料的刹车初始力矩峰值较低,摩擦系数小,但磨损率大;三向C/C复合材料中每根碳纤维被沉积碳包围,材料的刹车力矩曲线平稳,摩擦系数稍大,磨损率小.     

碳/碳复合材料摩擦学性能及摩擦机制研究进展

碳/碳复合材料是一种性能优异的高温摩擦材料,作为刹车材料在航空工业已得到成功应用.但碳/碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能强烈地依赖于试验条件和制备工艺.综述了各种因素对碳/碳复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,总结了碳/碳复合材料摩擦磨损机理,并指出了碳/碳复合材料摩擦学需进一步深入研究的问题及新的研究方向.     

刹车速度对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

以炭纤维针刺毡为预制体,采用CVI法并结合液相法制备了热解炭与树脂炭为基质炭的准三维C/C复合材料,并研究了这种材料在不同刹车速度下的摩擦磨损性能.研究表明:C/C复合材料热解碳结构为粗糙层,材料的摩擦磨损性能随刹车速度变化而变化,摩擦系数在刹车速度为10 m/s时达最大值,磨损量随刹车速度的增加而增加,而氧化磨损在25 m/s时开始大量产生,28 m/s的最大刹车速度时达最大值;X射线检测发现刹车后摩擦面碳结构有序度比次摩擦面低,且随着刹车速度的增大,这种降低程度依次增大.     

石墨化度对2.5D碳/碳复合材料在低能条件下的摩擦学性能影响

在MM-200型摩擦磨损实验机上,对2.5D编织结构的不同石墨化度的碳/碳(C/C)复合材料进行低能条件下的摩擦磨损实验,用扫描电子显微镜对其磨损表面形貌进行了观察分析.结果表明:石墨化温度升高到一定值之后,可使摩擦系数下降,而试样的摩擦系数不稳定,相应磨损量也会增大.在摩擦初始时,摩擦系数呈现交错变化,随时间的推移,摩擦系数出现分化,石墨化度高的试样摩擦系数较低,当石墨化度增加50%时,磨损率增加0.05%,磨损量变化不是很大.石墨化程度以及石墨化的均匀程度都对材料的摩擦磨损性能有很大影响.     

化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料摩擦学行为研究

研究了化学气相沉积碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。全尺寸Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料刹车盘在不同的比压、能载、环境条件下试验结果表明：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的摩擦系数随着比压、能载的增大以及环境湿度的提高而减小。Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料具有良好的自润滑性能，磨损率仅为９．５×１０－４ｍｍ／面·次。其磨损是由机械磨损和氧化磨损共同作用的结果，氧化磨损为根本原因。     

浸金属碳材料的载流摩擦磨损性能研究

以浸金属碳材料和铬青铜为配副,研究浸金属碳材料在载流条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:电流、速度、载荷是影响浸金属碳材料载流摩擦磨损性能的重要因素.在电流一定的条件下,浸金属碳材料的摩擦系数和磨损率都随速度的增大而增大;随着载荷的增大而减小.在载荷一定条件下,浸金属碳材料的摩擦系数和磨损率都随电流的增大而增大.与无电流条件下相比较,浸金属碳材料在载流条件下的摩擦系数明显减小,而磨损率却显著提高.     

不同转速及载荷下炭/炭复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

在MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机上,对3K炭布叠层结构的炭/炭(C/C)复合材料进行低能条件下的摩擦磨损实验,用扫描电子显微镜对其磨损表面形貌进行观察分析.结果表明:在于摩擦条件下,随转速增加,复合材料的摩擦系数降低,磨损量增大.随载荷增加,复合材料的摩擦系数降低,磨损量增大.摩擦初始时主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,润滑膜产生后主要磨损机理为疲劳磨损.炭/炭复合材料在低能条件下的磨损是正常磨损,其摩擦系数在0.1～0.2,温度在0～100℃之间.     

高性能C/SiC刹车材料及其优化设计

对比分析了 C/ C和 C/ SiC刹车材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明 , C/ SiC刹车材料的力学性能比 C/ C的高 , 而且 C/ SiC刹车材料克服了 C/ C静态摩擦系数低和湿态摩擦性能严重衰减的不足 , 说明 C/ SiC刹车材料是一种新型高性能刹车材料。以 C/ C复合材料为基础 , 在深入分析机轮刹车盘服役环境特点的基础上探讨了 C/ SiC刹车材料的力学性能、 热物理性能、 摩擦磨损性能、 复合材料结构和制造工艺等方面的优化设计途径和方法 , 为实现材料微结构2力学性能2摩擦磨损性能的协同设计与制造奠定基础。      

C/C刹车材料的摩擦磨损性能与机理

简要介绍了C/C复合材料在刹车领域的应用,综述了几十年来人们以C/C刹车材料摩擦磨损性能与机理的研究结果,对C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损特征和影响摩擦磨损性能的一些因素作了介绍。     

高摩擦学性能碳／碳复合材料研制

探索了高摩热学性能碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的制备途径，设计出了高摩擦学性能Ｃ／Ｃ材料的组织模型，并按模型制备出了在碳纤维上分布着球状沉积碳组织的Ｃ／Ｃ材料，实验表明：这种Ｃ／Ｃ材料具有良好的摩擦磨损性能，刹车力矩和速度的关系曲线平稳，初始力矩峰值小，摩擦系数适中；磨损率小，摩擦面光滑；试样无分层、碎裂、掉块等失效情况。     

Friction and wear behavior of carbon fiber reinforced brake materials

A new composite brake material was fabricated with metallic powders, barium sulphate and modified phenolic resin as the matrix and carbon fiber as the reinforced material. The friction, wear and fade characteristics of this composite were determined using a D-MS friction material testing machine. The surface structure of carbon fiber reinforced friction materials was analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Glass fiberreinforced and asbestos fiber-reinforced composites with the same matrix were also fabricated for comparison. The carbon fiber-reinforced friction materials (CFRFM) shows lower wear rate than those of glass fiber- and asbestos fiber-reinforced composites in the temperature range of 100°C-300°C. It is interesting that the frictional coefficient of the carbon fiber-reinforced friction materials increases as frictional temperature increases from 100°C to 300°C, while the frictional coefficients of the other two composites decrease during the increasing temperatures. Based on the SEM observation, the wear mechanism of CFRFM at low temperatures included fiber thinning and pull-out. At high temperature, the phenolic matrix was degraded and more pull-out enhanced fiber was demonstrated. The properties of carbon fiber may be the main reason that the CFRFM possess excellent tribological performances.     

Preparation, Properties and Application of C/C-SiC Composites Fabricated by Warm Compacted-in situ Reaction

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and SiC dual matrices composites (C/C-SiC) show superior tribological properties, high thermal shock resistance and good abrasive resistance, and they are promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. The microstructure, mechanical properties, friction and wear properties, and application of the C/C-SiC composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction were introduced. The results indicated that the composites were composed of 50-60 wt pct carbon, 2-10 wt pct residual silicon and 30-40 wt pct silicon carbide. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibited good mechanical properties. The value of flexural strength and compressive strength could reach 160 and 112 MPa, respectively. The impact strength was about 2.5 kJ·m^-2. The C/C-SiC brake composites showed excellent tribological performance, including high coefficient of friction (0.38), good abrasive resistance (1.10 μm/cycle) and brake steadily on dry condition. The tribological properties on wet condition could be mostly maintained. The silicon carbide matrix in C/C-SiC brake composites improved the wear resistance, and the graphite played the lubrication function, and right volume content of graphite was helpful to forming friction film to reduce the wear rate. These results showed that C/C-SiC composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction had excellent properties for use as brake materials.     

不同C/C复合材料飞机刹车盘基本性能的对比分析

通过对比分析Dunlop、 B.F.Goodrich、Missier、Bendix和中南大学粉末冶金研究所制备的几种炭/炭复合材料的显微组织、石墨化度、导热系数、洛氏硬度、抗压、抗弯、层间剪切强度、摩擦磨损性能后,得出如下结论:C/C复合材料作为一种性能优良的制动材料,必须具有合理的炭纤维骨架结构,一定比例的粗糙层气相沉积炭结构,较高的石墨化度和垂直摩擦面方向上的导热系数;我国具有自己知识产权的C/C复合材料飞机刹车盘的研制工作已取得了较大的进展和突破,其各项性能指标与国外同类产品性能相当。     

碳毡/铜复合材料的摩擦磨损特性研究

本文研究了用电沉积法制备的碳毡/铜复合材料的摩擦磨损特性。研究结果表明,在干摩擦条件下,复合材料的耐磨性主要与摩擦副间维持连续有效碳膜时间的长短有关,该时间取决于碳毡纤维的体积分数。在油润滑条件下,碳毡/铜复合材料的耐磨性与复合材料的硬度及纤维弯曲和破断所消耗能量的多少有关。在这两种条件下,复合材料的耐磨性均明显优于常用耐磨铜合金ZQSn6-6-3.     

Friction and wear of friction composites reinforced by natural fibres

In the present work, friction material composites were proposed to be used as automotive friction materials. The composites were reinforced by agricultural fibres of corn, palm, and sugar bars. The conventional friction materials based on asbestos cause serious lung diseases and being cancerous potential. The aim of the present work is to replace them by the proposed composites because they are environmentally friendly friction material for brake lining and clutch facings. Agricultural wastes of sugar bars, corn and palms fibres were prepared to obtain fibres of length less than 5 mm. The fibre materials were mixed by carbon, barium sulfate, silica, metallic powders and phenol formaldehyde. The proposed composites were pressed in the die at 105°C temperature. The produced specimens were subjected to machining processes to obtain the cylindrical form of 8 mm diameter. Experiments were carried out using test rig designed and manufactured to measure both friction and wear. It consists of a rotating hollow flat disc made of carbon steel, with an outside diameter of 250 mm and 16 mm thickness. The experiments investigated the effect of agriculture fibre wastes (corn, sugar bars, and palms fibres) on friction coefficient and wear. Wear mechanisms of the proposed composites were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy. The tribological properties of the proposed composites materials were compared to three commercial brake linings. Based on the experimental results it was found that, addition of agriculture fibre wastes (corn, sugar bars, and palms fibres) to composites materials increased friction coefficient and decreased wear. Friction coefficient slightly increased, while wear drastically decreased with increasing fibres content. The maximum friction value (0.58) was obtained by composites containing 30 wt.% iron and 25 wt.% sugar bar fibres. The corn fibres were more compatible with aluminum powder where it gave the highest friction coefficient and relatively lower wear compared to other composites. Wear resistance of the tested composites containing bunches and aluminum represented the lowest values among composites containing corn and bunches fibres. The lowest wear values were observed for composites containing 25 wt.% corn fibres and 30 wt.% aluminum and composites containing 20–25 wt.% sugar bar fibres.     

医用炭/炭复合材料表面梯度CVD热解炭涂层的摩擦性能研究

采用医用炭/炭复合材料并通过梯度化学气相沉积法(CVD)在其表面制备热解炭涂层, 研究分析了涂层的显微结构、摩擦系数、磨损情况. 结果发现, 该热解炭涂层表面被直径约20 μm热解炭球致密覆盖, 在断口处呈现紧密、多层的热解炭. 与用沥青浸渍/炭化法制备的炭/炭复合材料相比, 在干摩擦时, 热解炭涂层样品的摩擦系数更大; 在模拟人体关节的湿摩擦时, 它的摩擦系数低; 在干摩擦和湿摩擦的情况下, 它的磨损要小很多. 这些结果表明利用梯度的化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备医用炭/炭复合材料的涂层可以提高其表面的耐磨性.     

碳纤维和二硫化钼混杂增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

以注塑成型法制备MoS₂和碳纤维混杂增强尼龙1010复合材料,采用MM-200型磨损试验机考察复合材料摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,MoS₂和碳纤维混杂可显著改善尼龙复合材料摩擦学性能,较小载荷下复合材料磨损以轻微磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主,较高载荷下复合材料则以热疲劳断裂剥落磨损为主。摩擦过程中MoS₂和对偶铁发生摩擦化学反应,生成和对偶底材具有较强结合能力的硫化亚铁和硫酸铁等,同时部分被氧化生成MoO₃。